t1611-escape-to-host

name	T1611_escape-to-host
description	Adversaries may break out of a container or virtualized environment to gain access to the underlying host.
category	authorization
version	18.1
author	cyberstrike-official
tags	["mitre-attack","enterprise","t1611","privilege-escalation","windows","linux","containers","esxi"]
technique_id	T1611
tactic	privilege-escalation
all_tactics	["privilege-escalation"]
platforms	["Windows","Linux","Containers","ESXi"]
mitre_url	https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611
tech_stack	["windows","linux","containers","esxi"]
cwe_ids	["CWE-269"]
chains_with	[]
prerequisites	[]
severity_boost	{}

T1611 Escape to Host

High-Level Description

Adversaries may break out of a container or virtualized environment to gain access to the underlying host. This can allow an adversary access to other containerized or virtualized resources from the host level or to the host itself. In principle, containerized / virtualized resources should provide a clear separation of application functionality and be isolated from the host environment.

There are multiple ways an adversary may escape from a container to a host environment. Examples include creating a container configured to mount the host’s filesystem using the bind parameter, which allows the adversary to drop payloads and execute control utilities such as cron on the host; utilizing a privileged container to run commands or load a malicious kernel module on the underlying host; or abusing system calls such as unshare and keyctl to escalate privileges and steal secrets.

Additionally, an adversary may be able to exploit a compromised container with a mounted container management socket, such as docker.sock, to break out of the container via a Container Administration Command. Adversaries may also escape via Exploitation for Privilege Escalation, such as exploiting vulnerabilities in global symbolic links in order to access the root directory of a host machine.

In ESXi environments, an adversary may exploit a vulnerability in order to escape from a virtual machine into the hypervisor.

Gaining access to the host may provide the adversary with the opportunity to achieve follow-on objectives, such as establishing persistence, moving laterally within the environment, accessing other containers or virtual machines running on the host, or setting up a command and control channel on the host.

Kill Chain Phase

• Privilege Escalation (TA0004)

Platforms: Windows, Linux, Containers, ESXi

What to Check

• Identify if Escape to Host technique is applicable to target environment
• Check Windows systems for indicators of Escape to Host
• Check Linux systems for indicators of Escape to Host
• Check Containers systems for indicators of Escape to Host
• Verify mitigations are bypassed or absent (5 known mitigations)
• Assess detection coverage (1 detection strategies)

How to Test

Atomic Red Team Tests