| Gates actions by role, permission, or ownership | references/access-data-security/authorization.md |
| Handles login, logout, reset, tokens, sessions | references/access-data-security/authn-session.md |
| Fetches/mutates a resource by an ID from the request | references/access-data-security/idor.md + references/access-data-security/authorization.md |
| Serializes models, formats errors, writes logs | references/access-data-security/data-exposure.md |
| Hashes, encrypts, generates or compares secrets | references/access-data-security/crypto-data-protection.md |
| Renders user data into HTML/JS/URLs/headers/emails | references/access-data-security/output-encoding.md |
| Touches data or caches in a multi-tenant app | references/access-data-security/tenant-isolation.md |
| Changes state with cookie/session-based auth | references/access-data-security/csrf.md |
| Binds request payloads onto models/entities | references/access-data-security/mass-assignment.md |
| Builds queries/commands/templates/paths from input | references/input-api-dependency/injection.md |
| Configures CORS, headers, cookies, debug, env | references/input-api-dependency/config.md |
| Touches API keys, credentials, tokens | references/input-api-dependency/secrets.md |
| Validates (or should validate) request input | references/input-api-dependency/api-contract-validation.md |
| Accepts, stores, processes, or serves files | references/input-api-dependency/file-handling.md |
| Makes network requests to user-influenced URLs | references/input-api-dependency/ssrf.md |
| Adds validators, regexes, allowlists, or parsing | references/input-api-dependency/parser-differentials.md |
| Writes to multiple tables/stores/systems at once | references/correctness/atomicity.md |
| Handles payments, webhooks, retries, emails | references/correctness/idempotency.md |
| Runs jobs, scheduled tasks, or queue consumers | references/correctness/background-work.md |
| Shares mutable state, caches, counters | references/correctness/state-management.md |
| Catches/throws errors, maps errors to HTTP statuses | references/correctness/exception-handling.md |
| Creates promises, futures, tasks, or publishers | references/correctness/discarded-async.md |
| Loads related data inside a loop over a collection | references/operability/nplus1.md |
| Adds endpoints/jobs, handles errors | references/operability/observability.md |
| Changes database schema | references/operability/migration-safety.md + references/operability/schema-design.md |
| Does work proportional to input size | references/operability/resource-limits.md |
| Runs async/await, event-loop, or coroutine code | references/operability/blocking-io-async.md |
| Is meant to scale out / run as multiple replicas | references/operability/statelessness.md |
| — Verifying candidate findings (step 4, always) | references/methodology/verify.md |
| — Fixing confirmed findings | references/remediation/authz-patterns.md, references/remediation/async-patterns.md, references/remediation/observability-patterns.md |