prometheus-configuration

name	prometheus-configuration
description	Complete guide to Prometheus setup, metric collection, scrape configuration, and recording rules.
risk	unknown
source	community
date_added	2026-02-27

Prometheus Configuration

Complete guide to Prometheus setup, metric collection, scrape configuration, and recording rules.

Do not use this skill when

• The task is unrelated to prometheus configuration
• You need a different domain or tool outside this scope

Instructions

• Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
• Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
• Provide actionable steps and verification.
• If detailed examples are required, open resources/implementation-playbook.md.

Purpose

Configure Prometheus for comprehensive metric collection, alerting, and monitoring of infrastructure and applications.

Use this skill when

• Set up Prometheus monitoring
• Configure metric scraping
• Create recording rules
• Design alert rules
• Implement service discovery

Prometheus Architecture

┌──────────────┐
│ Applications │ ← Instrumented with client libraries
└──────┬───────┘
       │ /metrics endpoint
       ↓
┌──────────────┐
│  Prometheus  │ ← Scrapes metrics periodically
│    Server    │
└──────┬───────┘
       │
       ├─→ AlertManager (alerts)
       ├─→ Grafana (visualization)
       └─→ Long-term storage (Thanos/Cortex)

Installation

Kubernetes with Helm

helm repo add prometheus-community https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts
helm repo update

helm install prometheus prometheus-community/kube-prometheus-stack \
  --namespace monitoring \
  --create-namespace \
  --set prometheus.prometheusSpec.retention=30d \
  --set prometheus.prometheusSpec.storageVolumeSize=50Gi

Docker Compose

version: '3.8'
services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - prometheus-data:/prometheus
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
      - '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
      - '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d'

volumes:
  prometheus-data:

Configuration File

prometheus.yml:

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s
  external_labels:
    cluster: 'production'
    region: 'us-west-2'

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules files
rule_files:
  - /etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml

# Scrape configurations
scrape_configs:
  # Prometheus itself
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']

  # Node exporters
  - job_name: 'node-exporter'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 'node1:9100'
        - 'node2:9100'
        - 'node3:9100'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: instance
         
         

  
    
    
        
    
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Reference: See assets/prometheus.yml.template

Scrape Configurations

Static Targets

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'static-targets'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['host1:9100', 'host2:9100']
        labels:
          env: 'production'
          region: 'us-west-2'

File-based Service Discovery

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'file-sd'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /etc/prometheus/targets/*.json
        - /etc/prometheus/targets/*.yml
        refresh_interval: 5m

targets/production.json:

[
  {
    "targets": ["app1:9090", "app2:9090"],
    "labels": {
      "env": "production",
      "service": "api"
    }
  }
]

Kubernetes Service Discovery

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
    kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)

Reference: See references/scrape-configs.md

Recording Rules

Create pre-computed metrics for frequently queried expressions:

# /etc/prometheus/rules/recording_rules.yml
groups:
  - name: api_metrics
    interval: 15s
    rules:
      # HTTP request rate per service
      - record: job:http_requests:rate5m
        expr: sum by (job) (rate(http_requests_total[5m]))

      # Error rate percentage
      - record: job:http_requests_errors:rate5m
        expr: sum by (job) (rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m]))

      - record: job:http_requests_error_rate:percentage
        expr: |
          (job:http_requests_errors:rate5m / job:http_requests:rate5m) * 100

      # P95 latency
      - record: job:http_request_duration:p95
        expr: |
          histogram_quantile(0.95,
            sum by (job, le) (rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))
          )

  - name: 
     
    
      
        
         
                 

      
        
         
                

      
        
         
                

Reference: See references/recording-rules.md

Alert Rules

# /etc/prometheus/rules/alert_rules.yml
groups:
  - name: availability
    interval: 30s
    rules:
      - alert: ServiceDown
        expr: up{job="my-app"} == 0
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "Service {{ $labels.instance }} is down"
          description: "{{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minute"

      - alert: HighErrorRate
        expr: job:http_requests_error_rate:percentage > 5
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "High error rate for {{ $labels.job }}"
          description: "Error rate is {{ $value }}% (threshold: 5%)"

      - alert: HighLatency
        expr: job:http_request_duration:p95  
         
        
           
        
           
           

    
     
    
        
           
         
        
           
        
           
           

        
           
         
        
           
        
           
           

        
           
         
        
           
        
           
           

Validation

# Validate configuration
promtool check config prometheus.yml

# Validate rules
promtool check rules /etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml

# Test query
promtool query instant http://localhost:9090 'up'

Reference: See scripts/validate-prometheus.sh

Best Practices

1. Use consistent naming for metrics (prefix_name_unit)
2. Set appropriate scrape intervals (15-60s typical)
3. Use recording rules for expensive queries
4. Implement high availability (multiple Prometheus instances)
5. Configure retention based on storage capacity
6. Use relabeling for metric cleanup
7. Monitor Prometheus itself
8. Implement federation for large deployments
9. Use Thanos/Cortex for long-term storage
10. Document custom metrics

Troubleshooting

Check scrape targets:

curl http://localhost:9090/api/v1/targets

Check configuration:

curl http://localhost:9090/api/v1/status/config

Test query:

curl 'http://localhost:9090/api/v1/query?query=up'

Reference Files

• assets/prometheus.yml.template - Complete configuration template
• references/scrape-configs.md - Scrape configuration patterns
• references/recording-rules.md - Recording rule examples
• scripts/validate-prometheus.sh - Validation script

Related Skills

• grafana-dashboards - For visualization
• slo-implementation - For SLO monitoring
• distributed-tracing - For request tracing