groovy

name	groovy
description	Groovy scripting for JVM, Gradle builds, and Jenkins pipelines. Use for .groovy files.

Groovy

Groovy v4 adds Switch Expressions, Records, and Sealed Types. It remains the key to Gradle and Jenkins Pipelines.

When to Use

• Build Automation: Writing build.gradle scripts.
• CI/CD: Writing Jenkinsfiles.
• Scripting JVM: Interacting with Java libraries dynamically.

Core Concepts

Closures

{ item -> item.name }. The core functional primitive.

Dynamic Typing

def x = 1. (Though @CompileStatic can force types).

Builders

JsonBuilder, MarkupBuilder for generating hierarchical data.

Best Practices (2025)

Do:

• Use @CompileStatic: For performance critical code (production logic).
• Use Spock: The best testing framework on the JVM (written in Groovy).
• Use def sparingly: Type your variables if you know them.

Don't:

• Don't mix logic in Gradle: Keep build scripts declarative. Move logic to buildSrc.

References

• Apache Groovy