performing-wireless-security-assessment-with-kismet

Conduct wireless network security assessments using Kismet to detect rogue access points, hidden SSIDs, weak encryption, and unauthorized clients through passive RF monitoring.

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name	performing-wireless-security-assessment-with-kismet
description	Conduct wireless network security assessments using Kismet to detect rogue access points, hidden SSIDs, weak encryption, and unauthorized clients through passive RF monitoring.
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	network-security
tags	["kismet","wireless-security","wifi-assessment","rogue-ap",802.11,"wardriving","wids","wireless-ids","rf-monitoring"]
version	1.0
author	mahipal
license	Apache-2.0
nist_csf	["PR.IR-01","DE.CM-01","ID.AM-03","PR.DS-02"]
mitre_attack	["T1046","T1040","T1557","T1071","T1573"]

Performing Wireless Security Assessment with Kismet

Overview

Kismet is an open-source wireless network detector, packet sniffer, and wireless intrusion detection system (WIDS) supporting 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax. Unlike active scanners, Kismet operates in passive monitor mode, making it undetectable to the networks being assessed. It captures raw 802.11 frames, identifies access points, clients, probe requests, and encryption types without transmitting any packets. This skill covers deploying Kismet for comprehensive wireless security assessments, identifying rogue access points, detecting weak encryption, mapping hidden networks, and analyzing client behavior.

When to Use

When conducting security assessments that involve performing wireless security assessment with kismet
When following incident response procedures for related security events
When performing scheduled security testing or auditing activities
When validating security controls through hands-on testing

Prerequisites

Linux system (Kali Linux, Ubuntu 22.04+) with Kismet 2023+ installed
Wireless adapter supporting monitor mode (e.g., Alfa AWUS036ACH, TP-Link TL-WN722N v1)
Written authorization for wireless assessment (legal requirement)
GPS receiver (optional, for geolocation mapping)
Target environment wireless network documentation

Core Concepts

Kismet Architecture

Kismet uses a client-server architecture:

kismet - Main server process that captures and processes packets
kismet_cap_linux_wifi - Capture source for Linux WiFi interfaces
kismet_cap_linux_bluetooth - Capture source for Bluetooth
Web UI - Browser-based interface at http://localhost:2501

Wireless Frame Types

Frame Type	Purpose	Security Relevance
Beacon	AP announces its presence	SSID, encryption, vendor
Probe Request	Client searches for networks	Reveals preferred networks
Probe Response	AP responds to client probe	Hidden SSID disclosure
Authentication	Client authenticates to AP	Auth type identification
Deauthentication	Disconnects client from AP

Encryption	Status	Risk
Open (No encryption)	Insecure	Critical - all traffic visible
WEP	Broken	Critical - crackable in minutes
WPA-TKIP	Deprecated	High - known vulnerabilities
WPA2-PSK (CCMP)	Acceptable	Medium - depends on passphrase strength
WPA2-Enterprise (802.1X)	Recommended	Low - certificate-based
WPA3-SAE	Best practice	Low - resistant to offline attacks

# Identify wireless interfaces
iwconfig

# Check adapter capabilities
iw list | grep -A 10 "Supported interface modes"

# Kill processes that may interfere
sudo airmon-ng check kill

# Enable monitor mode
sudo ip link set wlan0 down
sudo iw dev wlan0 set type monitor
sudo ip link set wlan0 up

# Verify monitor mode
iw dev wlan0 info | grep type

# Data sources
source=wlan0:name=WiFi-Monitor,channel_hop=true,channel_hoprate=5/sec

# Logging configuration
log_types=kismet,pcapng
log_prefix=/opt/kismet/logs/assessment

# Enable all 802.11 channels (2.4GHz and 5GHz)
channel_hop_speed=5
channel_list=IEEE80211:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140,149,153,157,161,165

# GPS configuration (if available)
gps=gpsd:host=localhost,port=2947

# Alert configuration
alert=ADVCRYPTCHANGE,5/min,1/sec
alert=BSSTIMESTAMP,5/min,1/sec
alert=CRYPTODROP,5/min,1/sec
alert=DISASSOCTRAFFIC,10/min,1/sec
alert=DEAUTHFLOOD,10/min,2/sec
alert=PROBENOMFP,5/min,1/sec

# Start Kismet server
sudo kismet -c wlan0

# Access web interface
# Open browser to http://localhost:2501
# Default credentials: kismet / kismet (change immediately)

# Export device list via Kismet REST API
curl -u kismet:kismet http://localhost:2501/devices/summary/devices.json | \
    python3 -m json.tool > all_devices.json

# Filter for access points
curl -u kismet:kismet \
    'http://localhost:2501/devices/summary/devices.json' \
    -d 'json={"fields":["kismet.device.base.macaddr","kismet.device.base.name","kismet.device.base.type","kismet.device.base.crypt","kismet.device.base.channel","kismet.device.base.manuf","dot11.device/dot11.device.advertised_ssid_map/dot11.advertisedssid.ssid"]}' \
    > access_points.json

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Analyze Kismet capture database for wireless security findings."""

import sqlite3
import json
import sys
from collections import defaultdict


def analyze_kismet_db(db_path: str):
    """Analyze Kismet SQLite database for security issues."""
    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    findings = []

    # Query all devices
    cursor.execute("""
        SELECT devmac, type, device
        FROM devices
    """)

    devices = cursor.fetchall()
    ap_count = 0
    client_count = 0
    open_networks = []
    wep_networks = []
    wpa_tkip_networks = []
    hidden_networks = []
    all_aps = []

    for mac, dev_type, device_json in devices:
        try:
            device = json.loads(device_json)
        except json.JSONDecodeError:
            continue

        base = device.get('kismet.device.base.type', '')

        if 'Wi-Fi AP' in base or 'Wi-Fi Device' in base:
            ap_count += 1
            ssid_map = device.get('dot11.device', {}).get(
                'dot11.device.advertised_ssid_map', []
            )
            crypt = device.get('kismet.device.base.crypt', '')
            name = device.get('kismet.device.base.name', 'Unknown')
            channel = device.get('kismet.device.base.channel', '')
            manuf = device.get('kismet.device.base.manuf', 'Unknown')

            ap_info = {
                'mac': mac,
                'ssid': name,
                'encryption': crypt,
                'channel': channel,
                'manufacturer': manuf,
            }
            all_aps.append(ap_info)

            if 'None' in crypt or crypt == '':
                open_networks.append(ap_info)
            elif 'WEP' in crypt:
                wep_networks.append(ap_info)
            elif 'WPA+TKIP' in crypt and 'AES' not in crypt:
                wpa_tkip_networks.append(ap_info)

            for ssid_entry in ssid_map:
                if isinstance(ssid_entry, dict):
                    ssid = ssid_entry.get('dot11.advertisedssid.ssid', '')
                    if ssid == '' or ssid is None:
                        hidden_networks.append(ap_info)

        elif 'Wi-Fi Client' in base:
            client_count += 1

    # Generate findings
    print(f"\n{'='*70}")
    print("WIRELESS SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT")
    print(f"{'='*70}")
    print(f"\nTotal Access Points Detected: {ap_count}")
    print(f"Total Clients Detected: {client_count}")

    if open_networks:
        print(f"\n[CRITICAL] Open Networks (No Encryption): {len(open_networks)}")
        for net in open_networks:
            print(f"  - SSID: {net['ssid']}, MAC: {net['mac']}, "
                  f"Channel: {net['channel']}, Vendor: {net['manufacturer']}")

    if wep_networks:
        print(f"\n[CRITICAL] WEP-Encrypted Networks: {len(wep_networks)}")
        for net in wep_networks:
            print(f"  - SSID: {net['ssid']}, MAC: {net['mac']}, "
                  f"Channel: {net['channel']}")

    if wpa_tkip_networks:
        print(f"\n[HIGH] WPA-TKIP Networks (Deprecated): {len(wpa_tkip_networks)}")
        for net in wpa_tkip_networks:
            print(f"  - SSID: {net['ssid']}, MAC: {net['mac']}, "
                  f"Channel: {net['channel']}")

    if hidden_networks:
        print(f"\n[MEDIUM] Hidden SSIDs Detected: {len(hidden_networks)}")
        for net in hidden_networks:
            print(f"  - MAC: {net['mac']}, Channel: {net['channel']}, "
                  f"Vendor: {net['manufacturer']}")

    # Channel utilization analysis
    channel_usage = defaultdict(int)
    for ap in all_aps:
        ch = ap.get('channel', 'Unknown')
        channel_usage[ch] += 1

    print(f"\n[INFO] Channel Utilization:")
    for ch, count in sorted(channel_usage.items()):
        print(f"  Channel {ch}: {count} APs")

    conn.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    db_path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'Kismet-*.kismet'
    analyze_kismet_db(db_path)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Detect rogue access points by comparing against authorized AP list."""

import json
import sys


def load_authorized_aps(filepath: str) -> set:
    """Load authorized AP MAC addresses from file."""
    authorized = set()
    with open(filepath, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            mac = line.strip().lower()
            if mac and not mac.startswith('#'):
                authorized.add(mac)
    return authorized


def detect_rogues(kismet_json: str, authorized_file: str):
    """Compare discovered APs against authorized list."""
    authorized = load_authorized_aps(authorized_file)

    with open(kismet_json, 'r') as f:
        devices = json.load(f)

    rogues = []
    for device in devices:
        mac = device.get('kismet.device.base.macaddr', '').lower()
        dev_type = device.get('kismet.device.base.type', '')

        if 'AP' in dev_type and mac not in authorized:
            rogues.append({
                'mac': mac,
                'ssid': device.get('kismet.device.base.name', 'Unknown'),
                'encryption': device.get('kismet.device.base.crypt', ''),
                'channel': device.get('kismet.device.base.channel', ''),
                'manufacturer': device.get('kismet.device.base.manuf', ''),
                'signal': device.get('kismet.device.base.signal', {}).get(
                    'kismet.common.signal.last_signal', 0),
            })

    if rogues:
        print(f"\n[ALERT] {len(rogues)} ROGUE ACCESS POINTS DETECTED\n")
        for rogue in rogues:
            print(f"  MAC: {rogue['mac']}")
            print(f"  SSID: {rogue['ssid']}")
            print(f"  Encryption: {rogue['encryption']}")
            print(f"  Channel: {rogue['channel']}")
            print(f"  Vendor: {rogue['manufacturer']}")
            print(f"  Signal: {rogue['signal']} dBm")
            print()
    else:
        print("No rogue access points detected.")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
        print("Usage: python detect_rogues.py <kismet_devices.json> <authorized_aps.txt>")
        sys.exit(1)
    detect_rogues(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])