nocobase-plugin-development

name	nocobase-plugin-development
description	Step-by-step playbook for developing a NocoBase plugin, covering scaffolding, server-side code (collections, APIs, ACL, migrations), client-side code (blocks, fields, actions, settings pages, routes, components), i18n, and verification. TRIGGER when: user asks to create, build, implement, or develop a NocoBase plugin, mentions 'NocoBase plugin', or describes a feature to be built as a NocoBase plugin. This skill contains NocoBase-specific conventions and templates that general coding cannot replicate — always invoke it instead of planning from scratch.
when_to_use	Trigger when: user mentions "NocoBase plugin", or asks to create/build/implement/develop a plugin for NocoBase, or describes a feature that should be built as a NocoBase plugin (e.g. "watermark plugin", "export plugin", "approval plugin"). Example requests: - "Help me implement a NocoBase watermark plugin" - "Create a plugin that adds a settings page" - "Build a NocoBase plugin for data export" - "Develop a custom block plugin"
argument-hint	[user requirement in natural language]
allowed-tools	Bash, Read, Write, Edit, Grep, Glob, Agent, WebFetch
owner	nocobase-team
version	1.0.0
last-reviewed	"2026-04-16T00:00:00.000Z"
risk-level	medium

Goal

Guide an AI agent through the complete process of developing a NocoBase plugin — from requirement analysis to working code — producing a plugin that follows NocoBase conventions and can be enabled immediately.

Scope

• Analyze user requirements and map them to NocoBase extension points.
• Scaffold a new plugin with nb scaffold plugin.
• Generate server-side code: collections, ACL, custom APIs, migrations, install hooks.
• Generate client-side code: blocks, fields, actions, settings pages, routes.
• Generate i18n locale files.
• Enable and verify the plugin.
• Troubleshoot common issues using FAQ checklist and source code (when available).

Non-Goals

• Do not build NocoBase applications through the UI (that's nocobase-ui-builder).
• Do not handle plugin publishing to external registries.
• Do not modify NocoBase core code.
• Do not migrate existing plugins from client v1 to v2 (that's nocobase-client-v2-plugin-migration).

Hard Constraints

These rules apply to ALL generated plugin code. Violating them is always wrong.

NEVER use this.app.use() or React Providers

this.app.use() is an internal API. Plugins must NEVER use it to wrap the app with React providers. This is not a suggestion — it is a hard rule with no exceptions.

Providers add unnecessary React rendering layers, hurt performance, and make plugins harder to maintain. When implementing global effects (watermarks, overlays, theming, tracking, global listeners, etc.), use these approaches instead:

1. FlowEngine mechanisms (preferred) — registerModelLoaders, registerFlow, registerModels for UI capabilities.
2. FlowEngine context — this.context holds global data (e.g., this.context.api, this.context.dataSourceManager, this.context.logger). Read from it directly instead of creating Providers to pass data around. Note: some properties like user, viewer, message, themeToken are only available after React renders — use them in flow handlers or components, not in load().
3. API requests — if the plugin needs data, use this.app.apiClient.request() to fetch it directly. Axios interceptors are allowed but should not be the first choice — prefer direct requests or reading from context when possible.
4. Pure DOM manipulation — operate on the DOM directly in load() for visual effects. No React component needed.
5. EventBus — this.app.eventBus for reacting to app lifecycle events.

If you find yourself thinking "I need a Provider for this", stop and reconsider. There is always a better alternative.

Client code goes in client-v2 ONLY

All client-side plugin code must be written in src/client-v2/. The src/client/ directory is for the legacy v1 client — do NOT write or modify any files there. Import Plugin from @nocobase/client-v2, never from @nocobase/client.

Modern client runs under the /v/ URL prefix

The client-v2/ source directory corresponds to the /v/ runtime URL prefix. After login, users land on /v/admin/ by default. When telling users where to access something, use the /v/ URL pattern:

What you registered	Accessible at
Plugin manager, built-in admin pages	/v/admin/
Plugin settings pages	/v/admin/settings/<menuKey>
Custom routes via this.router.add('xxx', { path: '/foo' })	/v/foo (NOT /v/admin/foo)

If the user says "I enabled the plugin but nothing shows up" or hits a 404, the most common cause is they are on a /admin/... URL (v1 plugin manager, which calls pm:listEnabled) instead of /v/admin/ (modern plugin manager, which calls pm:listEnabledV2). Tell them to switch to the /v/ URL.

Input Contract

Input	Required	Default	Validation	Clarification Question
requirement	yes	none	non-empty natural language description	"What should this plugin do?"
nocobase_root	yes	current working directory	must be a CLI-managed source app (has source/ directory) or a NocoBase source repo (has packages/core/)	"Where is your NocoBase project root directory?"
plugin_name	no	derived from requirement	@<scope>/plugin-<name> format	"What should the plugin package name be?"

Rules:

• If nocobase_root is not provided, check if the current working directory is a NocoBase project.
• If plugin_name is not provided, derive a reasonable name from the requirement and confirm with the user.
• If user says "you decide", use documented defaults.

Mandatory Clarification Gate

• Max clarification rounds: 2
• Max questions per round: 3
• Mutation preconditions:
  • nocobase_root is a valid NocoBase project with nb CLI (CLI-managed apps) or yarn (plain source repos) available.
  • requirement is clear enough to determine which extension points are needed.
  • Functional plan has been confirmed by the user in plain language.
• If preconditions are not met after two rounds, stop and report what's missing.

CRITICAL: You MUST always confirm the plan with the user before writing any code or running any scaffold command — even if the requirement seems perfectly clear. Users often have unstated assumptions, edge cases they haven't considered, or preferences about scope. The plan confirmation step (Step 2) is a hard gate, not a suggestion. Never skip it.

Workflow

Step 0: Environment Check

1. Detect environment type:
   • CLI-managed source app: source/ directory exists (created by nb init) → plugins go in <app-path>/plugins/, use nb scaffold plugin / nb source build / nb plugin enable.
   • Plain source repo: packages/core/ exists but no source/ → plugins go in packages/plugins/, use yarn pm create / yarn build / yarn pm enable (legacy flow).
2. For CLI-managed apps, verify nb CLI is available. For plain source repos, verify yarn is available.
3. For CLI-managed apps with Git source (source/packages/core/ exists), AI can read source code for troubleshooting. For npm source, rely on documentation and online references.

Command execution directories for CLI-managed source apps:

Command	Run from
nb scaffold plugin	<app-path> or <app-path>/source/
nb source dev	<app-path>/source/
nb source build	<app-path>/source/
nb plugin enable/disable	Any directory (env-level command)
nb app upgrade/restart	Any directory (env-level command)
nb scaffold migration	<app-path>/source/

Step 1: Requirement Analysis

Analyze the user's requirement and determine which extension points are needed:

• Server-side: collections, custom REST APIs, ACL, cron jobs, migrations, event listeners
• Client-side: blocks (BlockModel/TableBlockModel), fields (FieldModel), actions (ActionModel), settings pages, routes
• Both: full-stack plugins with server data + client UI

Do NOT ask the user about technical details (e.g., "Do you need a BlockModel or TableBlockModel?"). Map requirements to extension points internally.

Step 2: Plan Confirmation (HARD GATE)

This step is mandatory and must not be skipped, regardless of how clear the requirement appears. Even seemingly straightforward requirements can have unstated edge cases, scope preferences, or assumptions the user hasn't mentioned. Always present the plan and wait for explicit confirmation before proceeding to Step 3.

Present a functional plan in plain language the user can understand. Proactively highlight decisions the user may not have considered (e.g., "Should the data persist after plugin disable?", "Do you need a settings page for configuration?"). Example:

"Here's my plan:

1. Create a settings page where you can configure the API key
2. Add a scheduled task that syncs data every 5 minutes
3. Create a data table to store the synced records
4. The table will be available as a block in the UI

A few things to confirm:

• Should the synced data be cleared when the plugin is disabled?
• Do you need permission control for who can access the settings?

Does this look right?"

Do NOT run nb scaffold plugin or write any code until the user explicitly confirms.

Step 3: Scaffold Plugin

For CLI-managed source apps (recommended):

nb scaffold plugin <plugin_name>
# Example: nb scaffold plugin @nocobase-sample/plugin-hello
# Creates:  <app-path>/plugins/@nocobase-sample/plugin-hello/
# nb automatically syncs it to source/packages/plugins/

Run from the project root (<app-path>) or from source/. You can also use --cwd <app-path> to specify the project path explicitly.

AI agent note: nb scaffold plugin internally invokes nocobase-v1 which lives in source/node_modules/.bin/. In sandboxed or non-interactive environments where the global nb cannot automatically locate nocobase-v1, you may need to prepend source/node_modules/.bin/ to PATH before running nb commands:

PATH="<app-path>/source/node_modules/.bin:$PATH" nb scaffold plugin <plugin_name>

For plain source repos (legacy):

yarn pm create <plugin_name>
# Creates:  packages/plugins/@nocobase-sample/plugin-hello/

Do NOT use create-plugin, generate, or any other variant.

Read references/getting-started.md for the expected project structure.

Step 4: Generate Code (MUST Read References First)

You MUST read the relevant reference files BEFORE writing any code. Do NOT skip this by searching source code, reading examples, or relying on prior knowledge. The references contain project-specific conventions that override general knowledge.

Read references/index.md to locate the relevant reference files, then read the ones needed for this plugin.

Mandatory Reference Rules

These are hard gates, not suggestions. Read the file BEFORE editing the corresponding code:

When you edit...	You MUST first read
src/client-v2/plugin.tsx	references/client/plugin.md
src/server/plugin.ts	references/server/plugin.md
Any file in src/client-v2/models/	references/client/block.md, references/client/field.md, or references/client/action.md (whichever applies)
Any file in src/server/collections/	references/server/collection.md

Keyword-Triggered References

If your implementation involves any of these concepts, you MUST also read the corresponding reference:

Keywords in your code	MUST read
route, router, navigate, location, pathname	references/client/router.md and references/client/ctx.md
ctx.api, ctx.viewer, ctx.message, ctx.model	references/client/ctx.md
registerFlow, uiSchema, on: event handlers	references/client/flow.md
resource, MultiRecordResource, SingleRecordResource	references/client/resource.md
tExpr, useT, this.t	references/client/i18n.md
acl.allow, permissions	references/server/acl.md
defineCollection, fields, relations	references/server/collection.md

Generation Order

Flexible — adapt to the plugin's needs:

• Server-first when the plugin has data tables and APIs.
• Client-first when the plugin is purely frontend.
• Interleaved when both sides are tightly coupled.

Checkpoint before writing client code: Review the "Hard Constraints" section. Never use this.app.use() or Providers. Use FlowEngine, context, pure DOM, or EventBus instead.

Step 5: Internationalization

Default behavior (do NOT ask):

• Always generate src/locale/zh-CN.json and src/locale/en-US.json.
• Use the plugin's auto-generated locale.ts for tExpr and useT imports.

Only ask about additional languages if:

• The user explicitly mentions other languages, OR
• The user is communicating in a language other than Chinese or English.

Step 6: Enable and Verify

For CLI-managed source apps:

nb plugin enable <plugin_name>

For plain source repos:

yarn pm enable <plugin_name>

After enabling, describe what the user should see in the UI and how to test the plugin. When quoting URLs to the user, always use the /v/ prefix (e.g., /v/admin/, /v/admin/settings/<menuKey>, /v/<custom-path>) — see the "Modern client runs under the /v/ URL prefix" rule under Hard Constraints.

Default Behaviors

These defaults apply unless the user explicitly requests otherwise. Do NOT ask about them.

Decision	Default	When to ask
Client version	client-v2 ONLY. All client code in src/client-v2/. Never use src/client/ or import from @nocobase/client	Never
Model registration	registerModelLoaders (lazy loading)	Never
Route registration	componentLoader (lazy loading)	Never
Settings page registration	pluginSettingsManager.addMenuItem() + addPageTabItem() with componentLoader	Never
ACL	acl.allow('*', '*', 'loggedIn')	User mentions fine-grained permissions
Locale files	zh-CN.json + en-US.json	User mentions other languages
addCollection (client-side)	Do NOT add — recommend UI "Data Source Management" instead	Only as a demo; if needed, use eventBus pattern (NOT direct call in load())
install() seed data	Do NOT add	User mentions preset/demo data
tExpr import	From plugin's locale.ts, NOT from @nocobase/flow-engine directly	Never
this.app.use() (Provider)	Do NOT use — use FlowEngine mechanisms or pure DOM instead. See client/plugin.md	Never

Troubleshooting

When the plugin doesn't work as expected:

FAQ Checklist

1. Plugin not appearing in plugin manager → In order: (a) browser URL must be /v/admin/, not /admin/... — only the modern plugin manager fetches via pm:listEnabledV2 and shows v2 plugins; (b) plugin has been enabled with nb plugin enable <name> (CLI-managed apps) or yarn pm enable <name> (plain source repos); (c) package.json has correct NocoBase metadata.
2. Collection not showing in block picker → Recommend user to add the table via NocoBase UI "Data Source Management". If code-level registration is needed (demo only), use addCollection with filterTargetKey: 'id' and eventBus pattern. See client/plugin.md.
3. Settings page shows blank → Verify using componentLoader (not Component) for client-v2.
4. Model not appearing in menus → Check define({ label: tExpr('...') }) and registerModelLoaders in plugin load().
5. load() database query fails → load() runs before DB sync. Move DB operations to install() or request handlers.
6. i18n not working → First-time locale files require app restart. Check tExpr is imported from locale.ts not @nocobase/flow-engine.
7. registerFlow handler not firing → Check on event name. Use 'click' for buttons, 'beforeRender' for initialization.

Source Code Debugging (Source Install Only)

If the environment has source code available (CLI-managed Git source app or plain source repo), the AI agent may read NocoBase core source code to debug issues:

For CLI-managed Git source apps:

source/packages/core/server/src/          — Server core
source/packages/core/client-v2/src/       — Client core (v2, recommended)
source/packages/core/database/src/        — Database layer
source/packages/core/flow-engine/src/     — FlowEngine

For plain source repos:

packages/core/server/src/                 — Server core
packages/core/client-v2/src/              — Client core (v2, recommended)
packages/core/database/src/               — Database layer
packages/core/flow-engine/src/            — FlowEngine

Complete Example Plugins

When a full working example is needed:

• CLI-managed Git source app: Read source/packages/plugins/@nocobase-example/ for working example plugins.
• Other environments: Browse https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/tree/develop/packages/plugins/%40nocobase-example/

Reference Loading Map

Reference	Use When	Notes
references/index.md	Always, after Step 1	Global index — read this to find relevant module references
references/getting-started.md	Step 3 (scaffolding)	Plugin scaffold + project structure
references/server/*.md	Plugin needs server-side code	One file per server module
references/client/*.md	Plugin needs client-side code	One file per client module
references/build.md	User asks about building/packaging	Build and distribution

Safety Gate

High-impact actions:

• Running nb scaffold plugin / yarn pm create (creates files in user's project)
• Running nb plugin enable / yarn pm enable (modifies database state)
• Modifying existing plugin files (if plugin already exists)

Secondary confirmation template:

• "I'm about to run {{command}} in {{directory}}. This will {{impact}}. Should I proceed?"

Rollback guidance:

• If nb scaffold plugin produced wrong scaffold → delete the generated directory and re-run.
• If plugin code has bugs after enable → fix the code, the plugin can be disabled with nb plugin disable <name>.
• Never run nb app upgrade --force or yarn nocobase install -f without explicit user confirmation — they can reset or modify the database.

Verification Checklist

• NocoBase project root is valid and the appropriate CLI (nb or yarn) is available.
• Environment type (CLI-managed source app vs plain source repo) is detected.
• User requirement is analyzed and extension points are identified.
• Functional plan is confirmed by user before code generation.
• Plugin scaffold is created successfully.
• All generated files follow NocoBase conventions (client-v2, lazy loading, locale.ts).
• No this.app.use() or React Provider patterns in generated code (Hard Constraint).
• zh-CN.json and en-US.json are generated with all translatable strings.
• Plugin can be enabled with nb plugin enable (or yarn pm enable for plain source repos) without errors.
• Generated code matches the patterns in reference templates.
• FAQ checklist is consulted when issues arise.

Minimal Test Scenarios

1. User requests a simple settings page plugin → scaffold + server API + client settings page.
2. User requests a custom block plugin → scaffold + BlockModel + registerFlow + i18n.
3. User requests a full-stack CRUD plugin → scaffold + defineCollection + ACL + TableBlockModel + custom field + custom action.
4. User provides vague requirement → clarification gate triggers, plan is confirmed before coding.
5. Plugin enable fails → FAQ checklist is consulted, source code is read if available.

Output Contract

Final response must include:

• What was requested (user's original requirement).
• What was created (list of generated files).
• How to enable and test (commands + expected UI behavior).
• What assumptions/defaults were applied.
• Known limitations or next steps (if any).

References

• Reference Index: global index of all reference files.
• Getting Started: plugin scaffold and project structure.
• Online Docs — Plugin Development: full plugin development documentation. [verified: 2026-04-10]
• Online Docs — FlowEngine: FlowEngine complete reference. [verified: 2026-04-10]
• Example Plugins (GitHub): working example plugins. [verified: 2026-04-10]