القائمة
Food animal drug withdrawal time lookup for meat, milk, and egg residue avoidance. References FARAD (Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank) and FDA-approved label withdrawal periods.
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| name | withdrawal-times |
| description | Food animal drug withdrawal time lookup for meat, milk, and egg residue avoidance. References FARAD (Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank) and FDA-approved label withdrawal periods. |
Withdrawal times (WDI: withdrawal interval) are the mandatory waiting periods between last drug administration and harvest/food product collection in food-producing animals. Violating withdrawal times results in drug residues in food, violating FDA tolerances and food safety regulations. This skill covers withdrawal time concepts, sources, common examples, and extralabel use (ELDU) considerations.
Definition: Minimum time between last drug dose and when treated animal may be slaughtered for meat, milked for human consumption, or eggs collected for human use.
Regulatory Basis:
Key Species and Products:
| Drug | Species | Indication | Meat Withdrawal | Milk Withdrawal | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penicillin G | Cattle | Infection | 7-10 days | 24-48 hrs | Zero tolerance in milk; short meat withdrawal |
| Oxytetracycline | Cattle | Infection | 28 days | 96 hrs (4 days) | Long withdrawal; pigmentation issues in tissue |
| Flunixin meglumine | Cattle | Pain/inflammation | 4 days | 36 hrs (label) | Give IV only — IM/SC injection markedly prolongs residues; a leading cause of violative NSAID tissue residues, so follow the label route and time exactly |
| Gentamicin | Swine | Infection | 5-7 days | N/A (pork) | Aminoglycoside; label-dependent |
| Enrofloxacin | Poultry | — | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ⚠️ Extralabel fluoroquinolone use in food-producing poultry is illegal in the US (FDA withdrew poultry enrofloxacin approval in 2005). No lawful withdrawal time exists |
| Ivermectin | Cattle | Parasites | 35-56 days (pour-on) | 40+ days | Ultra-long withdrawal; plan well in advance |
| Amoxicillin | Swine | Infection | 10 days | N/A | Typical beta-lactam withdrawal |
What is FARAD? Federally funded database of withdrawal recommendations for FDA-approved and extralabel drugs in food animals. Managed by UC Davis; primary source for ELDU guidance.
When to Use FARAD:
How to Contact:
FARAD Recommendations Include:
AMDUCA Permits ELDU When:
ELDU Withdrawal Requirements:
Example ELDU Scenario: A dairy farmer treats a cow with doxycycline (200 mg IV) off-label for atypical pneumonia. Doxycycline is approved for cattle but only oral/feed formulations; IV route is off-label. Veterinarian consults FARAD, which recommends 5-day meat withdrawal + 24-hour milk withdrawal (conservative vs. approved oral formulation). Milk is discarded 24 hours; meat is safe 5 days post-treatment.
Cattle (Beef & Dairy):
Swine:
Poultry:
Sheep/Goats (Milk & Meat):
FDA CVM establishes tolerances based on:
Tolerances are published in 21 CFR 556. Zero tolerance (undetectable) is common for antimicrobials.
