powerbi-report-management

name	powerbi-report-management
description	Manage Power BI report workspace items in Microsoft Fabric via `az rest` CLI against the Fabric REST API. Use when the user wants to: (1) create reports from PBIR definitions, (2) get or download report definitions, (3) update report definitions or properties, (4) list workspace reports, (5) delete reports. For report layout authoring (pages, visuals, filters, formatting), use `powerbi-report-authoring`. Triggers: upload Power BI report, download PBIR definition, publish Power BI report to Fabric, manage Power BI reports.
metadata	{"version":"0.1.0"}

Update Check — ONCE PER SESSION (mandatory) The first time this skill is used in a session, run the check-updates skill before proceeding.

• GitHub Copilot CLI / VS Code: invoke the check-updates skill.
• Claude Code / Cowork / Cursor / Windsurf / Codex: compare local vs remote package.json version.
• Skip if the check was already performed earlier in this session.

CRITICAL NOTES

1. To find the workspace details (including its ID) from workspace name: list all workspaces and, then, use JMESPath filtering
2. To find the item details (including its ID) from workspace ID, item type, and item name: list all items of that type in that workspace and, then, use JMESPath filtering

Power BI Report Management

Manage Power BI reports in Microsoft Fabric workspaces using az rest against the Fabric REST API. This skill covers the full CRUD lifecycle for report items and their PBIR definitions.

Scope: Report item CRUD and definition management only. For report layout authoring (pages, visuals, filters, formatting), use powerbi-report-authoring.

Boundary: This skill transports PBIR definitions to and from Fabric. PBIR content authoring remains owned by powerbi-report-authoring.

Companion Skills

This skill is one of three that partition the Power BI authoring surface. Each owns a single concern; route work to the right one.

Skill	Owns	Use for
powerbi-report-authoring	Report content (PBIR JSON authoring)	Pages, visuals, filters, formatting, themes, expressions, definition.pbir, version.json, report.json
powerbi-report-management (this skill)	Report transport to/from Fabric	List, create, get, update, delete report items; download/upload PBIR definitions
Semantic-model authoring skill	Semantic model authoring + deployment	Create/edit measures/tables/relationships, TMDL, deploy semantic models to Fabric

When publishing a local .pbip to Fabric, this skill is the entry point. If the user wants to publish the local semantic model alongside the report, this skill delegates the model deploy to an available semantic-model authoring skill, then resolves the resulting semanticModelId and binds the report to it. See the Publishing a local .pbip workflow.

Tool Stack

Tool	Role	Install
az CLI	Primary: az rest for Fabric REST API calls, az login for auth	Pre-installed in most dev environments
jq	Parse and construct JSON payloads	Standard CLI tool — see COMMON-CLI.md § Tool Selection Rationale
base64	Encode/decode PBIR file content for definition payloads	Built-in on Linux/macOS · Windows: use PowerShell [Convert]::ToBase64String() / FromBase64String()

Agent check — verify before first operation:

az version 2>/dev/null || echo "INSTALL: https://learn.microsoft.com/cli/azure/install-azure-cli"

Authentication

All calls use the Fabric API audience. Using the wrong audience returns a 401.

API	Audience (--resource)
Fabric Report Items API	https://api.fabric.microsoft.com

For the shared authentication model, token audiences, and identity types, see COMMON-CORE.md § Authentication & Token Acquisition.

For full authentication recipes (interactive, device-code, service principal, managed identity), see COMMON-CLI.md § Authentication Recipes.

Finding Workspaces and Reports

Shared patterns — workspace and item resolution, pagination, and LRO polling are documented in the common skill library. Read COMMON-CLI.md § Finding Workspaces and Items in Fabric before using the CRUD operations below.

Resolve Report ID by Name

Once you have the workspace ID (per COMMON-CLI.md), resolve the report:

REPORT_NAME="Sales Report"
REPORT_ID=$(az rest --method get \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports" \
  --query "value[?displayName=='$REPORT_NAME'] | [0].id" \
  --output tsv)

Examples: CRUD Operations

List Reports

Returns all reports in a workspace.

• Permissions: Viewer workspace role
• Scopes: Workspace.Read.All or Workspace.ReadWrite.All

az rest --method get \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports" \
  --query "value[].{name:displayName, id:id, description:description}" \
  --output table

Supports pagination via continuationToken query parameter.

Get Report (Properties)

Returns properties of a specific report (name, description, ID, workspace, sensitivity label).

• Permissions: Read permissions on the report
• Scopes: Report.Read.All or Report.ReadWrite.All

az rest --method get \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports/$REPORT_ID"

Get Report Definition

Downloads the full PBIR definition. This is a POST (not GET) and supports LRO.

• Permissions: Read and write permissions on the report
• Scopes: Report.ReadWrite.All or Item.ReadWrite.All
• Limitation: Blocked for reports with encrypted sensitivity labels

Always request format=PBIR — without this parameter, older reports may return PBIR-Legacy format (a single report.json blob), which this skill does not support.

RESPONSE=$(az rest --method post \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports/$REPORT_ID/getDefinition?format=PBIR" \
  --verbose 2>&1)

# If 202 Accepted, extract operation ID and poll the LRO (see Long-Running Operations section)
# If 200 OK, the response contains the definition parts

Format check: After retrieving the definition, verify definition.format == "PBIR". If it is "PBIR-Legacy", this skill does not support that format.

Decode Definition Parts to Local Files

Note: getDefinition often returns 202 Accepted (LRO). Check the Long-Running Operations section to extract the operation ID and poll for the result before decoding.

# After retrieving the definition (from 200 response or LRO result):
echo "$DEFINITION_JSON" | jq -r '.definition.parts[] | "\(.path)\t\(.payload)"' | \
  while IFS=$'\t' read -r path payload; do
    mkdir -p "$(dirname "./report-definition/$path")"
    echo "$payload" | base64 -d > "./report-definition/$path"
  done

Create Report (with Definition)

Creates a new report with a PBIR definition. Supports LRO.

• Permissions: Contributor workspace role
• Scopes: Report.ReadWrite.All or Item.ReadWrite.All

# Walk ./report-definition/ and build the parts[] array — every file under the
# directory is encoded and uploaded. Includes definition.pbir, report.json,
# version.json, pages/pages.json, every pages/<page>/page.json, and every
# pages/<page>/visuals/<visual>/visual.json.
PARTS=$(find ./report-definition -type f -not -name '.*' -not -name 'Thumbs.db' | while read -r file; do
  rel="${file#./report-definition/}"
  payload=$(base64 < "$file" | tr -d '\n')
  jq -nc --arg p "$rel" --arg b "$payload" \
    '{path:$p, payload:$b, payloadType:"InlineBase64"}'
done | jq -sc '.')

jq -n \
  --arg name "My New Report" \
  --arg desc "Created via Fabric API" \
  --argjson parts "$PARTS" \
  '{displayName:$name, description:$desc, definition:{parts:$parts}}' \
  > create-report.json

az rest --method post \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports" \
  --headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
  --body @create-report.json \
  --verbose 2>&1

PowerShell — use Get-ChildItem -Recurse -File to walk the directory and [Convert]::ToBase64String([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($_.FullName)) to encode each file (instead of base64 | tr -d '\n').

Important: definition.pbir is always required. The directory walk above includes every file under ./report-definition/ automatically — make sure your local directory mirrors the full PBIR layout (top-level files, plus all pages/<page>/page.json and pages/<page>/visuals/<visual>/visual.json files) before encoding.

Update Report Definition

Overwrites the entire definition. This is a POST and supports LRO.

• Permissions: Read and write permissions on the report
• Scopes: Report.ReadWrite.All or Item.ReadWrite.All

# Rebuild parts[] from ./report-definition/ after edits (same walk as Create).
PARTS=$(find ./report-definition -type f -not -name '.*' -not -name 'Thumbs.db' | while read -r file; do
  rel="${file#./report-definition/}"
  payload=$(base64 < "$file" | tr -d '\n')
  jq -nc --arg p "$rel" --arg b "$payload" \
    '{path:$p, payload:$b, payloadType:"InlineBase64"}'
done | jq -sc '.')

jq -n --argjson parts "$PARTS" \
  '{definition:{parts:$parts}}' \
  > update-definition.json

az rest --method post \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports/$REPORT_ID/updateDefinition" \
  --headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
  --body @update-definition.json \
  --verbose 2>&1

Critical: updateDefinition replaces the entire definition. Include ALL parts — modified and unmodified. Omitting parts deletes them.

Optional query parameter ?updateMetadata=true updates item metadata from .platform file if included.

Update Report (Properties)

Updates display name and/or description only (not the definition).

• Permissions: Read and write permissions on the report
• Scopes: Report.ReadWrite.All or Item.ReadWrite.All

cat > update-report.json << 'EOF'
{
  "displayName": "Renamed Report",
  "description": "Updated description"
}
EOF

az rest --method patch \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports/$REPORT_ID" \
  --headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
  --body @update-report.json

Delete Report

Deletes a report. Supports soft-delete (default) and hard-delete.

• Permissions: Write permissions on the report
• Scopes: Report.ReadWrite.All or Item.ReadWrite.All

# Soft delete (recoverable)
az rest --method delete \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports/$REPORT_ID"

# Hard delete (permanent)
az rest --method delete \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/reports/$REPORT_ID?hardDelete=true"

Long-Running Operations (LRO)

Create Report, Get Report Definition, and Update Report Definition may return 202 Accepted instead of an immediate result. Capture x-ms-operation-id from the verbose output and poll until terminal state per COMMON-CLI.md § Long-Running Operations.

The management-specific guardrails below take precedence over the generic pattern when they conflict.

⚠️ Never retry a create POST after receiving 202. A 202 Accepted response means the operation was accepted and is likely being processed server-side. Retrying the POST risks creating duplicates.

Always write --verbose output to a file to reliably capture the x-ms-operation-id header on every attempt — this is the only reliable way to track the operation. Regex extraction from in-memory strings is fragile across shells and platforms. Once captured, poll the operation to completion just like any other LRO call.

# PowerShell — reliable operation ID capture
az rest --method post ... --verbose 2>&1 | Out-File "$env:TEMP\lro-response.txt" -Encoding utf8
$opId = (Select-String -Path "$env:TEMP\lro-response.txt" -Pattern "x-ms-operation-id.*?'([a-f0-9-]+)'" | Select-Object -First 1).Matches.Groups[1].Value

As a last resort, if the operation ID is still lost despite writing to a file, list reports in the workspace to locate the created report — but this should not be the normal path.

For more details, see Long-Running Operations.

PBIR Definition Structure

Reports use the PBIR format — a folder of JSON files:

Report/
├── definition.pbir                              # Semantic model reference (required)
├── definition/
│   ├── report.json                              # Report-level settings (required)
│   ├── version.json                             # Format version (required)
│   ├── pages/
│   │   ├── pages.json                           # Page listing (required)
│   │   ├── <pageId>/
│   │   │   ├── page.json                        # Page layout
│   │   │   ├── visuals/
│   │   │   │   ├── <visualId>/
│   │   │   │   │   ├── visual.json              # Visual config
│   │   │   │   │   ├── mobile.json              # Mobile layout (optional)
│   ├── bookmarks/                               # Bookmarks (optional)
├── StaticResources/                             # Custom themes, images (optional)

All parts are base64-encoded in API payloads using "payloadType": "InlineBase64".

definition.pbir — Semantic Model Reference

For Fabric API, use byConnection (not byPath):

{
  "$schema": "https://developer.microsoft.com/json-schemas/fabric/item/report/definitionProperties/2.0.0/schema.json",
  "version": "4.0",
  "datasetReference": {
    "byConnection": {
      "connectionString": "semanticmodelid=<SemanticModelId>"
    }
  }
}

Must/Prefer/Avoid

MUST

• ALL PBIR content MUST go through the powerbi-report-authoring skill — this is the single most important rule. Whether creating a brand-new report or modifying an existing one, every PBIR file (definition.pbir, report.json, version.json, pages.json, page configs, visuals, filters, formatting, themes, expressions) must be authored using powerbi-report-authoring. Follow its guidance for correct PBIR structure, schemas, and field values. Use its CLI tools for validation. Never construct any PBIR JSON from memory or guesswork — not even "simple" files like definition.pbir or version.json. This skill is strictly for API transport (download, encode, upload) — it does not author PBIR content.
• Always pass --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" to az rest — omitting it causes silent auth failures.
• Always pass ?format=PBIR on getDefinition — without it, older reports return PBIR-Legacy format which is not supported by this skill.
• Only work with PBIR format — if a definition comes back with "format": "PBIR-Legacy", stop and tell the user that PBIR-Legacy is not supported.
• Include ALL definition parts in updateDefinition — modified + unmodified. The API replaces the entire definition; omitting parts deletes them.
• Base64-encode all part payloads — every payload value must be base64-encoded.
• Use byConnection in definition.pbir for Fabric API — byPath is for local/Git scenarios only.
• Poll LRO to completion — Create, getDefinition, and updateDefinition return 202 Accepted. Poll until terminal state.
• Always use --verbose on LRO operations — az rest does not expose response headers by default. Without --verbose, you cannot capture the x-ms-operation-id header needed for polling, and there is no other way to retrieve it after the fact.
• Clean up temporary files — delete any local temp directories and files (decoded definitions, JSON payloads) created during the workflow once the operation completes. These can be large and accumulate on the user's machine.
• Verify semantic-model bindings after the target model is resolved — once the report's target semantic model is known (whether by a fresh deploy through an available semantic-model authoring skill or by selecting an existing workspace model), download its TMDL and compare all PBIR bindings (Entity, queryRef, nativeQueryRef, filter Source/Entity references) against the model's table/column/measure names. This applies to both branches: even a hand-off deploy may rename or transform the model during publish, so the diff is not optional. If names differ but models are structurally equivalent (same columns/measures), remap all table-qualified bindings via powerbi-report-authoring. If the models are not structurally equivalent, prompt the user before attempting to re-author — explain which tables/columns/measures don't match and ask whether to proceed.
• Local edits stay local by default — when a user requests changes to a local .pbip report, apply the changes to the local files only. Do not publish to Fabric unless the user explicitly asks to publish, upload, or push the report. Even if the report was previously published to Fabric, treat subsequent edits as local-only until told otherwise. When the user does request publishing a local .pbip, follow the Publishing a local .pbip workflow: (a) confirm the target workspace once up front, (b) prompt publish-the-local-model vs. connect-to-an-existing-workspace-model, (c) on the publish-model branch, check whether a semantic-model authoring skill is available in the current session and degrade gracefully if not, (d) confirm create-new vs. update-existing for the report itself.

PREFER

• Soft delete over hard delete — allows recovery.
• az rest with JMESPath --query for filtering — built-in JSON parsing, no extra tools needed.

AVOID

• Hand-writing or directly constructing PBIR JSON — whether creating new files or modifying existing ones, all PBIR content (definition.pbir, report.json, version.json, pages, visuals, filters, formatting, themes, expressions) must go through the powerbi-report-authoring skill. Never construct any PBIR JSON from memory or guesswork — not even "simple" structural files. No exceptions.
• PBIR-Legacy format — do not create, read, or update PBIR-Legacy definitions. Only modern PBIR format is supported.
• Sending only modified parts in updateDefinition — the API replaces the full definition; missing parts are deleted.
• Using byPath in definition.pbir for API payloads — only works for local/Git scenarios.
• Hardcoded workspace/report IDs — resolve dynamically via the List APIs.
• Skipping LRO polling — definition operations may be async; always check for 202 responses.
• Omitting ?format=PBIR on getDefinition — may return unusable PBIR-Legacy format.
• Retrying a create POST after receiving 202 — risks creating duplicates. See the LRO section for the correct recovery pattern.

Agentic Workflow

Publishing a local .pbip

This is the primary entry point when a user has a local .pbip (report plus sibling .SemanticModel) on disk and asks to publish, upload, push, or deploy the report to a Fabric workspace.

1. Detect that the source is a local .pbip. Any of these signals:

• A <Name>.pbip file in or above the working directory.
• A <Name>.Report folder with a sibling <Name>.SemanticModel folder.
• The report's definition.pbir uses byPath (local/Git form) rather than byConnection (API form).
• Presence of a .pbi/ cache folder.

If the source is not a local .pbip (e.g., the report was already downloaded from Fabric and only the .Report folder is present with a byConnection definition.pbir), use the Modifying an existing report in Fabric workflow instead.

2. Confirm the target workspace once. Resolve and store the workspace ID by name (per COMMON-CLI.md). This single workspace is reused for both the model deploy (if applicable) and the report publish — never split them.

3. Prompt the user about the semantic model. Ask explicitly — do not silently choose:

"Do you want me to publish the local semantic model to this workspace too, or connect this report to an existing semantic model already in the workspace?"

4a. Branch: "Publish the local model".

• Check whether a semantic-model authoring skill is available in the current session.
  • Available → hand off to that workflow to create or update the semantic model. Pass: target workspace ID, the local .SemanticModel folder path (TMDL source), and the desired model display name. Wait for that skill's workflow to reach terminal success before proceeding.
  • Not available → tell the user a semantic-model authoring skill is not loaded in this session and that publishing the local model is not possible without it. Then degrade to branch 4b (connect-to-existing) and re-prompt for which workspace model to bind the report to.

4b. Branch: "Connect to an existing model in the workspace".

• List semantic models in the target workspace and confirm the target model with the user. Resolve semanticModelId by name.

5. Resolve semanticModelId. Regardless of branch, the report needs a concrete model ID to bind to:

• After 4a: list semantic models in the target workspace and find the model just deployed by name (the model skill verifies by listing workspace items but does not return an ID).
• After 4b: this was already done.

6. Verify bindings against the resolved model (universal, both branches). Download the model TMDL and run the bindings diff per MUST Verify semantic-model bindings after the target model is resolved. Even on the publish-the-local-model branch, the model skill may rename tables or apply transforms during deploy, so this diff is not optional. Remap any drift via powerbi-report-authoring skill or, if structurally divergent, prompt the user before re-authoring.

7. Rebind definition.pbir from byPath → byConnection. Use powerbi-report-authoring to set:

"datasetReference": {
  "byConnection": {
    "connectionString": "semanticmodelid=<resolved-id>"
  }
}

The Fabric API rejects byPath; this swap is mandatory on every local-source publish.

8. Decide create-new vs. update-existing for the report. Default the report displayName to the .pbip filename without extension (e.g. SalesDashboard.pbip → "SalesDashboard"). Surface the default to the user so they can override.

• List reports in the target workspace and look up the chosen displayName.
  • Not found → create. Follow Create Report (with Definition).
  • Found → confirm with the user: overwrite the existing report (updateDefinition), publish under a different name, or cancel. Follow Update Report Definition on overwrite.

9. Encode and upload. Run the existing transport — base64-encode all PBIR parts (forward-slash paths!), build the parts payload, POST, capture x-ms-operation-id (with --verbose written to a file), poll the LRO to terminal success.

10. Clean up any temporary files created during the flow.

Note on report-side verification: there is no reliable programmatic way to confirm a report renders correctly post-publish — the report lives at a Fabric Service URL and visual rendering requires a browser session. Surface the workspace/report URL so the user can verify in the browser.

Modifying an existing report in Fabric

1. Authenticate → see COMMON-CLI.md § Authentication Recipes
2. Find workspace → Resolve workspace ID by name
3. List/find report → Resolve report ID by name
4. Download definition → getDefinition?format=PBIR → poll LRO → decode parts to local files
5. Author PBIR content → Use the powerbi-report-authoring skill for ALL changes. This covers every file: definition.pbir, report.json, version.json, pages.json, page configs, visuals, filters, formatting, themes, and expressions. Follow its guidance for correct structure, schemas, and field values. Use its CLI tools to validate. Never construct any PBIR JSON from memory or guesswork.
6. Upload changes → Re-encode all local files to base64 → updateDefinition with ALL parts (modified + unmodified)
7. Clean up → Delete all temporary local files and directories created during the workflow

Creating a new report in Fabric

1. Authenticate → see COMMON-CLI.md § Authentication Recipes
2. Find workspace → Resolve workspace ID by name
3. Resolve semantic model → Find the semantic model ID and workspace name for the definition.pbir connection string
4. Verify semantic-model bindings → Download the target semantic model definition (TMDL) and compare all PBIR Entity, queryRef, nativeQueryRef, and filter references against the target table/column names. If names differ but structure matches, remap all table-qualified bindings. If models are structurally different, prompt the user before proceeding — explain what doesn't match and ask whether to re-author the affected bindings
5. Author PBIR content → Use the powerbi-report-authoring skill to generate the complete PBIR definition from scratch — definition.pbir, report.json, version.json, pages.json, page configs, and all visuals. Never construct any PBIR JSON from memory or guesswork.
6. Upload → Encode all files to base64 → POST /reports with displayName and all definition parts
7. Clean up → Delete temporary local files

Troubleshooting

Error	Cause	Fix
401 Unauthorized	Wrong or missing --resource audience	Always pass --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com"
403 Forbidden	Insufficient permissions	Check workspace role (Contributor+ for write ops)
404 Not Found	Wrong workspace or report ID	Re-resolve IDs via List APIs
CorruptedPayload	Malformed base64 or invalid PBIR JSON	Re-encode files; validate JSON before encoding
202 with no result	LRO not polled to completion	Implement LRO polling pattern
OperationNotSupportedForItem	Report has encrypted sensitivity label	Cannot get definition for encrypted reports
ItemDisplayNameAlreadyInUse	Duplicate name in workspace	Use a unique display name
format: "PBIR-Legacy"	Report was created before PBIR was default	PBIR-Legacy is not supported by this skill
Visuals empty / no data after publish	PBIR entity names don't match workspace semantic model table names (e.g., local CSV table name vs workspace table name)	Download target semantic model TMDL, compare table names, update all Entity, queryRef, nativeQueryRef, and filter references to match
MissingDefinitionParts on create/update even though all files are included	Definition part paths use backslashes (definition\report.json) — the Fabric API requires forward slashes. On Windows, path.join() produces backslashes by default.	Normalize all path values in the payload to use forward slashes before uploading (e.g., .replace(/\\\\/g, '/') in Node.js, or .Replace('\\', '/') in PowerShell).
Duplicate reports appear in workspace after create	Create POST was retried after a 202 Accepted response. Each retry risks creating a new report.	Never retry a create POST after 202. See the LRO section for reliable operation ID capture and recovery steps. Delete any duplicates with the Delete Report API.
Visuals empty after publishing a local .pbip via the model hand-off	The semantic-model authoring skill may rename or transform tables/columns during deploy, so the freshly deployed model's TMDL no longer matches the report's PBIR bindings.	Re-run the TMDL-diff verification against the deployed model (per MUST Verify semantic-model bindings after the target model is resolved) and remap drifted bindings via powerbi-report-authoring skill.
Visuals empty after publish, despite TMDL diff being clean	definition.pbir byConnection still points at a stale model ID (e.g., from .pbi/ cache or an earlier publish), not the freshly resolved one.	Re-run step 7 of Publishing a local .pbip to set byConnection to the actually resolved semanticModelId, then re-publish.
Semantic-model authoring skill not available when user wants to publish the local model	No semantic-model authoring skill is loaded in the current session.	Inform the user and degrade to the connect-to-existing branch — re-prompt for which workspace model to bind the report to. Do not silently fall through.
Model published to one workspace, report POSTed to another	Workspace was not confirmed up front, or two different workspaces were used for the model deploy and the report publish.	Enforce the single-workspace rule (step 2 of Publishing a local .pbip). Recovery: either re-publish the report into the model's workspace, or move the model.