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selenium-advanced-pom-framework Advanced Selenium WebDriver framework with three Page Object Model patterns (Basic POM, Improved POM, Page Factory), retry mechanisms, Allure reporting, Excel data-driven testing, and Selenoid grid support.
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name Selenium Advanced POM Framework description Advanced Selenium WebDriver framework with three Page Object Model patterns (Basic POM, Improved POM, Page Factory), retry mechanisms, Allure reporting, Excel data-driven testing, and Selenoid grid support. version 1.0.0 author thetestingacademy license MIT tags ["selenium","java","pom","page-object-model","page-factory","allure","testng","data-driven","selenoid","retry"] testingTypes ["e2e"] frameworks ["selenium"] languages ["java"] domains ["web"] agents ["claude-code","cursor","github-copilot","windsurf","codex","aider","continue","cline","zed","bolt"]
Selenium Advanced POM Framework Skill
You are an expert QA automation engineer specializing in advanced Selenium WebDriver frameworks with Java. When the user asks you to build, review, or debug a Selenium test automation framework, follow these detailed instructions covering three Page Object Model patterns, retry mechanisms, data-driven testing, and cloud grid execution.
Core Principles
Three POM patterns -- Implement Basic POM, Improved POM (with inheritance), and Page Factory depending on project needs.CommonToAllPage base class -- Centralize reusable page actions (click, type, getText) in a single base class that all page objects extend.DriverManager singleton -- Manage WebDriver lifecycle through a centralized DriverManager with static getter/setter and multi-browser support.Listener-driven reporting -- Use TestNG listeners (ITestListener, IRetryAnalyzer, IAnnotationTransformer) for automatic screenshots, retry logic, and Allure integration.Data externalization -- Store test data in properties files and Excel spreadsheets, never hardcoded in test methods.Wait strategy hierarchy -- Prefer explicit waits via WebDriverWait, use fluent waits for polling scenarios, avoid Thread.sleep entirely.Environment-specific suites -- Maintain separate TestNG XML suite files for QA, staging, and production environments.Grid-ready architecture -- Design the framework to run locally or on Selenoid/Docker grid without code changes.
Project Structure
src/
main/java/com/thetestingacademy/
base/
CommonToAllPage.java # Base class for all page objects
driver/
DriverManager.java # WebDriver lifecycle management
pages/
pageFactory/vwo/
LoginPage_PF.java # Page Factory pattern (@FindBy)
DashBoardPage_PF.java
pageObjectModel/
normal_POM/normal_POM/vwo/
LoginPage.java # Basic POM pattern
DashBoardPage.java
ForgetPasswordPage.java
FreeTrial.java
SupportPage.java
normal_POM/imporved_POM/vwo/
LoginPage.java # Improved POM (extends CommonToAllPage)
DashBoardPage.java
utils/
PropertiesReader.java # Config from .properties files
WaitHelpers.java # Explicit, Fluent, Implicit waits
main/resources/
data.properties # Test configuration & credentials
log4j2.xml # Logging configuration
test/java/com/thetestingacademy/
base/
CommonToAllTest.java # Base test class (setUp/tearDown)
listeners/
RetryAnalyzer.java # IRetryAnalyzer implementation
RetryListener.java # IAnnotationTransformer for global retry
ScreenshotListener.java # Screenshot on failure + Allure attach
tests/
sample/
TestCaseBoilerPlate.java # Test template
pageFactoryTests/vwo/
TestVWOLogin_PF.java # Page Factory tests
pageObjectModelTests/vwo/
TestVWOLogin_01_NormalScript_POM.java
TestVWOLogin_02_PropertyReader_DriverManager_POM_CommonToAll.java
TestVWOLogin_03_Retry.java # Tests with retry logic
utilexcel/
UtilExcel.java # Apache POI Excel reader
test/resources/
TestData.xlsx # Excel test data
testng_vwo_normal_s1.xml # Basic test suite
testng_vwo_qa.xml # QA environment suite
testng_vwo_prod.xml # Production suite
testng_vwo_retry.xml # Retry + listeners suite
pom.xml
Maven Dependencies <dependencies >
<dependency >
<groupId > org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId >
<artifactId > selenium-java</artifactId >
<version > 4.31.0</version >
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId > org.testng</groupId >
<artifactId > testng</artifactId >
<version > 7.11.0</version >
<scope > test</scope >
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId > io.qameta.allure</groupId >
<artifactId > allure-testng</artifactId >
<version > 2.26.0</version >
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId > org.uncommons</groupId >
<artifactId > reportng</artifactId >
<version > 1.1.2</version >
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId > org.assertj</groupId >
<artifactId > assertj-core</artifactId >
<version > 3.25.1</version >
<scope > test</scope >
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId > org.apache.poi</groupId >
<artifactId > poi-ooxml</artifactId >
<version > 5.2.4</version >
</dependency >
<dependency >
<groupId > org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId >
<artifactId > log4j-core</artifactId >
<version > 3.0.0-beta2</version >
</dependency >
</dependencies >
<build >
<plugins >
<plugin >
<artifactId > maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId >
<version > 3.11.0</version >
<configuration >
<source > 11</source >
<target > 11</target >
</configuration >
</plugin >
<plugin >
<artifactId > maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId >
<version > 3.2.5</version >
<configuration >
<suiteXmlFiles >
<suiteXmlFile > testng.xml</suiteXmlFile >
</suiteXmlFiles >
</configuration >
</plugin >
</plugins >
</build >
Driver Management package com.thetestingacademy.driver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class DriverManager {
private static WebDriver driver;
public static WebDriver getDriver () {
return driver;
}
public static void setDriver (WebDriver driver) {
DriverManager.driver = driver;
}
public static void init () {
String browser = PropertiesReader.readKey("browser" );
switch (browser.toLowerCase()) {
case "chrome" :
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions ();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--guest" );
driver = new ChromeDriver (chromeOptions);
break ;
case "edge" :
driver = new EdgeDriver ();
break ;
case "firefox" :
driver = new FirefoxDriver ();
break ;
default :
driver = new ChromeDriver ();
}
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}
public static void down () {
if (driver != null ) {
driver.quit();
driver = null ;
}
}
}
Page Object Model -- Pattern 1: Basic POM The simplest POM pattern where each page class owns its locators and uses driver.findElement() directly.
package com.thetestingacademy.pages.pageObjectModel.normal_POM.normal_POM.vwo;
import com.thetestingacademy.utils.PropertiesReader;
import com.thetestingacademy.utils.WaitHelpers;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
public class LoginPage {
private WebDriver driver;
private By username = By.id("login-username" );
private By password = By.id("login-password" );
private By signButton = By.id("js-login-btn" );
private By error_message = By.cssSelector("[data-qa='error-text']" );
public LoginPage (WebDriver driver) {
this .driver = driver;
}
public String loginToVWOLoginInvalidCreds (String user, String pwd) {
driver.get(PropertiesReader.readKey("url" ));
driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pwd);
driver.findElement(signButton).click();
WaitHelpers.checkVisibility(driver, error_message, 3 );
return driver.findElement(error_message).getText();
}
public void loginToVWOLoginValidCreds (String user, String pwd) {
driver.get(PropertiesReader.readKey("url" ));
driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pwd);
driver.findElement(signButton).click();
}
}
Page Object Model -- Pattern 2: Improved POM (Inheritance) Extends CommonToAllPage to reuse common actions like clickElement(), enterInput(), getText(). Eliminates repeated driver.findElement() calls.
package com.thetestingacademy.pages.pageObjectModel.normal_POM.imporved_POM.vwo;
import com.thetestingacademy.base.CommonToAllPage;
import com.thetestingacademy.utils.WaitHelpers;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
public class LoginPage extends CommonToAllPage {
private By username = By.id("login-username" );
private By password = By.id("login-password" );
private By signButton = By.id("js-login-btn" );
private By error_message = By.cssSelector("[data-qa='error-text']" );
public String loginToVWOLoginInvalidCreds (String user, String pwd) {
openVWOUrl();
enterInput(username, user);
enterInput(password, pwd);
clickElement(signButton);
WaitHelpers.checkVisibility(getDriver(), error_message);
return getText(error_message);
}
}
Page Object Model -- Pattern 3: Page Factory Uses Selenium's @FindBy annotations for declarative element location. Elements are automatically initialized via PageFactory.initElements().
package com.thetestingacademy.pages.pageFactory.vwo;
import com.thetestingacademy.base.CommonToAllPage;
import com.thetestingacademy.utils.PropertiesReader;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class LoginPage_PF extends CommonToAllPage {
@FindBy(id = "login-username")
private WebElement username;
@FindBy(name = "password")
private WebElement password;
@FindBy(id = "js-login-btn")
private WebElement signButton;
@FindBy(css = "[data-qa='error-text']")
private WebElement error_message;
public LoginPage_PF (WebDriver driver) {
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this );
}
public String loginToVWOInvalidCreds () {
openVWOUrl();
enterInput(username, PropertiesReader.readKey("invalid_username" ));
enterInput(password, PropertiesReader.readKey("invalid_password" ));
clickElement(signButton);
return getText(error_message);
}
}
CommonToAllPage -- Base Page Object package com.thetestingacademy.base;
import com.thetestingacademy.driver.DriverManager;
import com.thetestingacademy.utils.PropertiesReader;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
public class CommonToAllPage {
public WebDriver getDriver () {
return DriverManager.getDriver();
}
public void clickElement (By by) {
getDriver().findElement(by).click();
}
public void clickElement (WebElement element) {
element.click();
}
public void enterInput (By by, String text) {
getDriver().findElement(by).sendKeys(text);
}
public void enterInput (WebElement element, String text) {
element.sendKeys(text);
}
public String getText (By by) {
return getDriver().findElement(by).getText();
}
public String getText (WebElement element) {
return element.getText();
}
public void openVWOUrl () {
getDriver().get(PropertiesReader.readKey("url" ));
}
public void openOrangeHRMUrl () {
getDriver().get(PropertiesReader.readKey("ohr_url" ));
}
}
CommonToAllTest -- Base Test Class package com.thetestingacademy.base;
import com.thetestingacademy.driver.DriverManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
public class CommonToAllTest {
protected WebDriver driver;
protected Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(this .getClass());
public WebDriver getDriver () {
return DriverManager.getDriver();
}
@BeforeMethod
public void setUp () {
DriverManager.init();
driver = DriverManager.getDriver();
}
@AfterMethod
public void tearDown () {
DriverManager.down();
}
}
Wait Helpers package com.thetestingacademy.utils;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class WaitHelpers {
public static void waitImplicitWait (WebDriver driver, int timeInSeconds) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(timeInSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
public static void checkVisibility (WebDriver driver, By locator, int timeInSeconds) {
new WebDriverWait (driver, Duration.ofSeconds(timeInSeconds))
.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(locator));
}
public static void checkVisibility (WebDriver driver, By locator) {
new WebDriverWait (driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10 ))
.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(locator));
}
public static void checkVisibilityOfAndTextToBePresentInElement (
WebDriver driver, By locator, String text, int timeInSeconds) {
new WebDriverWait (driver, Duration.ofSeconds(timeInSeconds))
.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(locator, text));
}
public static WebElement presenceOfElement (WebDriver driver, By locator, int timeInSeconds) {
return new WebDriverWait (driver, Duration.ofSeconds(timeInSeconds))
.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(locator));
}
public static void checkVisibilityByFluentWait (WebDriver driver, By locator) {
new FluentWait <>(driver)
.withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30 ))
.pollingEvery(Duration.ofMillis(500 ))
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class)
.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(locator));
}
public static void waitJVM (int timeInMillis) {
try {
Thread.sleep(timeInMillis);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
Properties Reader package com.thetestingacademy.utils;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class PropertiesReader {
public static String readKey (String key) {
Properties properties = new Properties ();
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream ("src/main/resources/data.properties" );
properties.load(fis);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException ("Failed to read properties file" , e);
}
return properties.getProperty(key);
}
}
Configuration -- data.properties # Application URLs
url=https://app.vwo.com
ohr_url=https://awesomeqa.com/hr/web/index.php/auth/login
katalon_url=https://katalon-demo-cura.herokuapp.com/
# Credentials
username=user@example.com
password=SecurePass123
invalid_username=admin@admin.com
invalid_password=Test@2024
error_message=Your email, password, IP address or location did not match
# Browser
browser=Chrome
# Expected values
expected_username=Test User
Writing Tests -- Basic POM Test package com.thetestingacademy.tests.pageObjectModelTests.vwo;
import com.thetestingacademy.base.CommonToAllTest;
import com.thetestingacademy.pages.pageObjectModel.normal_POM.normal_POM.vwo.DashBoardPage;
import com.thetestingacademy.pages.pageObjectModel.normal_POM.normal_POM.vwo.LoginPage;
import com.thetestingacademy.utils.PropertiesReader;
import io.qameta.allure.Description;
import io.qameta.allure.Owner;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class TestVWOLogin_01_NormalScript_POM extends CommonToAllTest {
@Description("Verify that with invalid email and password, error message is shown")
@Owner("Promode")
@Test
public void test_negative_vwo_login () {
LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage (driver);
String error_msg = loginPage.loginToVWOLoginInvalidCreds(
PropertiesReader.readKey("invalid_username" ),
PropertiesReader.readKey("invalid_password" )
);
assertThat(error_msg).isNotNull().isNotBlank().isNotEmpty();
Assert.assertEquals(error_msg, PropertiesReader.readKey("error_message" ));
}
@Test
public void testLoginPositiveVWO () {
LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage (driver);
loginPage.loginToVWOLoginValidCreds(
PropertiesReader.readKey("username" ),
PropertiesReader.readKey("password" )
);
DashBoardPage dashBoardPage = new DashBoardPage (driver);
String usernameLoggedIn = dashBoardPage.loggedInUserName();
Assert.assertEquals(usernameLoggedIn, PropertiesReader.readKey("expected_username" ));
}
}
Writing Tests -- Page Factory Test package com.thetestingacademy.tests.pageFactoryTests.vwo;
import com.thetestingacademy.base.CommonToAllTest;
import com.thetestingacademy.pages.pageFactory.vwo.LoginPage_PF;
import com.thetestingacademy.utils.PropertiesReader;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class TestVWOLogin_PF extends CommonToAllTest {
@Test
public void testLoginNegativeVWO_PF () {
logger.info("Starting the Page Factory test" );
LoginPage_PF loginPage_PF = new LoginPage_PF (driver);
String error_msg = loginPage_PF.loginToVWOInvalidCreds();
logger.info("Error msg: " + error_msg);
Assert.assertEquals(error_msg, PropertiesReader.readKey("error_message" ));
}
}
Data-Driven Testing with Excel package com.thetestingacademy.utilexcel;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UtilExcel {
public static Object[][] getTestDataFromExcel(String sheetName) {
Object[][] data = null ;
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream ("src/test/resources/TestData.xlsx" );
Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook (fis);
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(sheetName);
int rowCount = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
int colCount = sheet.getRow(0 ).getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
data = new Object [rowCount - 1 ][colCount];
for (int i = 1 ; i < rowCount; i++) {
Row row = sheet.getRow(i);
for (int j = 0 ; j < colCount; j++) {
Cell cell = row.getCell(j);
data[i - 1 ][j] = getCellValue(cell);
}
}
workbook.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException ("Failed to read Excel file" , e);
}
return data;
}
private static Object getCellValue (Cell cell) {
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case STRING:
return cell.getStringCellValue();
case NUMERIC:
return cell.getNumericCellValue();
case BOOLEAN:
return cell.getBooleanCellValue();
default :
return "" ;
}
}
}
Using Excel Data Provider in Tests @DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] getLoginData() {
return UtilExcel.getTestDataFromExcel("LoginData" );
}
@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testDataDrivenLogin (String email, String password, String expectedResult) {
LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage (driver);
String result = loginPage.loginToVWOLoginInvalidCreds(email, password);
Assert.assertEquals(result, expectedResult);
}
Retry Mechanism
RetryAnalyzer package com.thetestingacademy.listeners;
import org.testng.IRetryAnalyzer;
import org.testng.ITestResult;
public class RetryAnalyzer implements IRetryAnalyzer {
private int retryCount = 0 ;
private static final int maxRetryCount = 1 ;
@Override
public boolean retry (ITestResult iTestResult) {
if (retryCount < maxRetryCount) {
retryCount++;
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
}
RetryListener (Global Retry) package com.thetestingacademy.listeners;
import org.testng.IAnnotationTransformer;
import org.testng.annotations.ITestAnnotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class RetryListener implements IAnnotationTransformer {
@Override
public void transform (ITestAnnotation annotation, Class testClass,
Constructor testConstructor, Method testMethod) {
annotation.setRetryAnalyzer(RetryAnalyzer.class);
}
}
Screenshot Listener with Allure package com.thetestingacademy.listeners;
import com.thetestingacademy.driver.DriverManager;
import io.qameta.allure.Allure;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.ITestListener;
import org.testng.ITestResult;
import org.testng.Reporter;
import java.io.File;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class ScreenshotListener implements ITestListener {
@Override
public void onTestFailure (ITestResult result) {
WebDriver driver = DriverManager.getDriver();
String methodName = result.getName();
String timestamp = new SimpleDateFormat ("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss" ).format(new Date ());
if (driver != null ) {
try {
File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
String screenshotPath = "failure_screenshots/" + methodName + "_" + timestamp + ".png" ;
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File (screenshotPath));
Reporter.log("<a href='" + screenshotPath + "'> Screenshot</a>" );
Allure.addAttachment("Screenshot on Failure" , "image/png" ,
new java .io.FileInputStream(screenshotPath), "png" );
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onTestStart (ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Starting test: " + result.getName());
}
@Override
public void onTestSuccess (ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test passed: " + result.getName());
}
}
TestNG XML Configuration
Basic Suite <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >
<suite name ="VWO Basic Suite" >
<test verbose ="2" preserve-order ="true" name ="BasicPOMTests" >
<classes >
<class name ="com.thetestingacademy.tests.pageObjectModelTests.vwo.TestVWOLogin_01_NormalScript_POM" />
</classes >
</test >
</suite >
Retry Suite with Listeners <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >
<suite name ="Retry Suite" >
<listeners >
<listener class-name ="com.thetestingacademy.listeners.RetryListener" />
<listener class-name ="com.thetestingacademy.listeners.ScreenshotListener" />
</listeners >
<test verbose ="2" preserve-order ="true" name ="RetryTests" >
<classes >
<class name ="com.thetestingacademy.tests.pageObjectModelTests.vwo.TestVWOLogin_03_Retry" />
</classes >
</test >
</suite >
Multi-Environment Suite <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >
<suite name ="QA Environment Suite" parallel ="methods" thread-count ="2" >
<parameter name ="browser" value ="chrome" />
<parameter name ="environment" value ="qa" />
<test verbose ="2" name ="QA Smoke Tests" >
<groups >
<run >
<include name ="smoke" />
</run >
</groups >
<classes >
<class name ="com.thetestingacademy.tests.pageObjectModelTests.vwo.TestVWOLogin_01_NormalScript_POM" />
<class name ="com.thetestingacademy.tests.pageFactoryTests.vwo.TestVWOLogin_PF" />
</classes >
</test >
</suite >
Selenoid Docker Grid Integration
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
public static void initRemote (String browser) {
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities ();
capabilities.setBrowserName(browser);
capabilities.setVersion("latest" );
capabilities.setCapability("enableVNC" , true );
capabilities.setCapability("enableVideo" , true );
try {
driver = new RemoteWebDriver (
new URL ("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub" ),
capabilities
);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException ("Invalid Selenoid hub URL" , e);
}
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}
Selenoid docker-compose.yml version: '3'
services:
selenoid:
image: aerokube/selenoid:latest
ports:
- "4444:4444"
volumes:
- "./browsers.json:/etc/selenoid/browsers.json"
- "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
selenoid-ui:
image: aerokube/selenoid-ui:latest
ports:
- "8080:8080"
command: ["--selenoid-uri" , "http://selenoid:4444" ]
Allure Reporting
Annotations @Test
@Description("Verify login with invalid credentials shows error")
@Owner("Promode")
@Severity(SeverityLevel.CRITICAL)
@Story("Login Validation")
@Feature("Authentication")
public void testInvalidLogin () {
Allure.step("Navigate to login page" );
Allure.step("Enter invalid credentials" );
Allure.step("Verify error message" );
}
Generate and Open Report
mvn clean test -Dsurefire.suiteXmlFiles=testng_vwo_retry.xml
mvn allure:report
allure generate target/allure-results --clean -o allure-report
allure open allure-report
Log4j2 Configuration <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<Configuration status ="WARN" >
<Appenders >
<Console name ="Console" target ="SYSTEM_OUT" >
<PatternLayout pattern ="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5p %c{1} - %m%n" />
</Console >
<File name ="FileLogger" fileName ="logs/test.log" >
<PatternLayout pattern ="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5p %c{1} - %m%n" />
</File >
</Appenders >
<Loggers >
<Root level ="info" >
<AppenderRef ref ="Console" />
<AppenderRef ref ="FileLogger" />
</Root >
</Loggers >
</Configuration >
Best Practices
Choose the right POM pattern -- Use Basic POM for small projects, Improved POM for medium projects needing code reuse, and Page Factory for large projects with many elements.Centralize driver management -- Always use DriverManager to create and destroy WebDriver instances, never instantiate drivers in test classes directly.Externalize all test data -- Use data.properties for configuration and TestData.xlsx for parameterized test data. Never hardcode URLs, credentials, or expected values.Use explicit waits strategically -- Place waits in page objects, not test classes. Prefer WebDriverWait with ExpectedConditions over implicit waits.Implement retry for flaky tests -- Use RetryAnalyzer with a max retry count of 1-2. Apply globally via RetryListener in TestNG XML.Capture screenshots on failure -- Use ScreenshotListener to automatically capture and attach screenshots to Allure reports on every test failure.Maintain separate test suites -- Create environment-specific TestNG XML files (QA, staging, prod) with appropriate test groups and parameters.Use AssertJ for fluent assertions -- Combine TestNG's Assert.assertEquals with AssertJ's assertThat for readable, chainable assertions.Log meaningfully -- Use Log4j2 in test classes to log test steps, making debugging easier when tests fail in CI.Design for grid execution -- Keep the framework grid-ready by abstracting driver creation so tests run identically on local browsers and Selenoid/Docker.
Anti-Patterns to Avoid
Thread.sleep() for synchronizationHardcoded test data in methods -- Extract to properties files or Excel. Hardcoded data makes maintenance difficult.Direct driver.findElement() in test classes -- Always go through page objects. Tests should only call page object methods.Mixing POM patterns in one project -- Pick one pattern (or deliberately layer them) and be consistent across the framework.Not quitting the driver in tearDown -- Always call DriverManager.down() in @AfterMethod to prevent zombie browser processes.Global implicit waits -- They conflict with explicit waits and cause unpredictable timeouts. Use explicit waits only.Monolithic test methods -- Break long test scenarios into smaller, focused test methods with clear descriptions.Ignoring test failure screenshots -- Always configure ScreenshotListener and attach evidence to reports for debugging.Not using test groups -- Tag tests with groups (smoke, regression, e2e) for selective execution across environments.Running tests only locally -- Set up Selenoid or a cloud grid early. Tests that only run locally miss cross-browser issues. 