| name | to-design |
| description | Generate a design document (design proposal) from a PRD, in the style of Go's official design proposals — Abstract / Background / Design / Rationale / Compatibility / Implementation, heavy on the 'why' and tradeoffs. Triggers on: to-design, prd-to-design, prd转设计文档, 生成设计文档, 写设计文档, design doc, design proposal, 设计提案, 技术设计文档. |
| user-invocable | true |
to-design — PRD to Design Document
Turn a PRD (or a rough idea) into a design document written in the style of Go's official design proposals: plain language, concrete examples, and—above all—an honest account of why this approach and not the alternatives.
This is not the same as prd-to-spec. A SPEC is an implementation contract (tables, endpoints, schemas) for an engineer to build against. A design document is a decision artifact: it argues for an approach, surfaces the tradeoffs, and lets a team agree on the same facts before anyone writes code. When the question is "how should we build this and why", produce a design doc; when the question is "give me the exact contract to implement", produce a SPEC.
设计哲学源自对 5 篇 Go 官方 proposal(泛型 / 错误包装 / loopvar / slog / try)的分析。核心信念:文档的价值不取决于方案是否通过,而取决于它是否让讨论建立在同一套事实和取舍之上。
When to Use
- A PRD exists and you need to decide how to build it before committing to implementation
- The approach has real tradeoffs and you want them documented and debated
- The change is risky, breaking, or hard to reverse (a design doc forces the compatibility conversation early)
- Multiple people need to agree on a direction before work fans out
- You want a durable record of "why we chose X and rejected Y" — even if the proposal is later rejected
If the team just needs the concrete contract to code against, use /prd-to-spec instead (or run to-design first, then prd-to-spec).
The Job
- Locate input — find or receive the PRD (or idea)
- Analyze context (optional) — scan the codebase for existing patterns, constraints, and prior art
- Surface the decisions — identify the real design forks and ask clarifying questions (max 3-5)
- Generate the design doc — following the structure and writing style below
- Review — present for feedback, especially on the Rationale and Compatibility sections
- Save — write to the agreed location
Step 1: Locate Input
Provide the PRD (or idea) to design from:
A. File path (e.g., tasks/prd-priority-system.md)
B. GitHub Issue URL
C. Paste content directly
D. Just describe the idea — I'll design from the conversation
A design doc can start from a half-formed idea, not only a polished PRD. If the input is thin, lean harder on Step 3.
Step 2: Analyze Context (Optional)
Skip for greenfield. Otherwise scan to ground the design in reality:
- Existing patterns the design should match (naming, error handling, module boundaries)
- Prior art — has something similar been tried or rejected here before?
- Constraints — compatibility promises, public APIs, data the design can't break
- Real pain — find the actual buggy/awkward code the design fixes, so Background can quote it
The most persuasive Background sections quote real code from the user's own repo, not hypotheticals.
Step 3: Surface the Decisions
A design doc lives or dies on its Rationale. Before writing, find the real forks in the road — the points where a competent engineer could reasonably go two ways — and resolve them.
Ask only about genuine forks:
Design decisions to settle before I write the doc:
1. Where does this logic live?
A. Extend the existing X
B. New standalone component Y
C. Let me recommend based on the codebase
2. Is this a breaking change for existing callers?
A. Yes — needs a migration path
B. No — purely additive
C. Unsure — I'll analyze and flag it
3. What's the one promise this design must keep? (e.g. backward compatibility,
latency budget, no new dependencies)
For every fork, also note the option you are NOT choosing — that becomes the Rationale.
Step 4: Design Document Structure
This is the standard skeleton distilled from the 5 Go proposals. Keep section names; drop sections that genuinely don't apply (and say why if the omission is notable).
Title: <一句话说清"做什么" —— 标题就是结论,不是名词短语>
Author(s): <作者>
Last updated: <YYYY-MM-DD>
Discussion at <issue / PR / 文档链接> # 让文档不孤立,永远附讨论入口
Status: Draft | Under review | Accepted | Rejected
## Abstract / 摘要
一段话讲完全文:做什么、大致怎么做、以及**最重要的那个承诺**(如"向后兼容""不引入新依赖")。
读者读完这一段就该知道全貌。把隐含的核心约束埋在这里。
## Background / 背景与动机
用**具体、可感的例子**说明"痛在哪",而不是抽象地说"现状不好"。
- 能贴一段真实的 bug 代码 / 别扭的调用,就贴。先让读者"疼"起来。
- 量化痛点(出现频率、踩坑次数、损失),不要用形容词堆砌。
- 一句话给问题定性。
## Design / Proposal / 设计
文档主体。遵循三条:
- **从简单到复杂,渐进式教学**:从最小例子起步,复杂场景留到读者有直觉之后。
- **声明 + 示例 + 边界**三件套:每个 API/接口先给声明,再给用法片段,再划清适用边界。
- **改造前 vs 改造后对照**:能并排展示收益的,就并排展示。
能用一段可运行代码说清的,绝不用一段文字描述。
## Rationale / 理由与取舍
> Rationale = "为什么是这个方案,而不是别的"的论证。这是区分好文档和平庸文档的关键章节。
- 解释关键决策的动机。
- **主动列出被放弃的备选方案 + 放弃原因**("我们没选 X,因为 Y")。这比单方面论证你选的方案更可信,也避免后人重复讨论。
- 回应可预见的质疑。
## Compatibility / 兼容性
凡涉及破坏性变更,必须正面回应。
- 是不是破坏性变更?**开门见山承认**。
- 代价是什么(性能、行为变化、迁移成本)?**诚实列出**,不藏着。
- 渐进迁移路径(按模块/按文件 opt-in、灰度、特性开关)。
- 有先例佐证更好("某系统做过类似变更,结果平淡无奇")。
## Implementation / Transition / 实现与过渡
- 如何落地、分几步、配套什么工具。
- **用数据和工具支撑"可落地"**:实测失败率、灰度结果、自动化迁移工具,比任何"我们认为风险可控"都管用。
- 兼容老版本的过渡方案(如独立发布的兼容库)。
## Appendix / 附录(可选)
把会打断主线的细节后置:完整 API、端到端示例、FAQ。
FAQ 专门回应高频质疑("为什么叫这个名字""为什么不用某语言的做法""和 X 有何不同")。
Writing Style (照搬 Go 文档的文风)
Structure is the skeleton; style is the muscle. Enforce these — they're what make the doc readable.
Voice / 主语
- 决策用 "我们 / We" — 把设计说成一群人可负责的选择,不是客观真理。("We propose…", "我们决定移除…")
- 行为用代码本身当主语 — "this code has a bug" / "这段代码会…",让注意力落在程序上。
- 说理对读者用 "你 / you" — 像面对面解释。
- 禁止无主语的被动腔 — 不写"据建议应当…""It is suggested that…"这类推卸责任的句式。
Sentences / 句子
- 判断用短句,论证用长句。先用一个极短的句子拍板("这段代码有 bug。"),再用信息密集的长句铺开机制。
- 长短交替制造节奏。不要通篇绕来绕去的长句。
Paragraphs / 段落
- 一段只讲一件事,观点放段首(结论先行)。
- 小标题写成一句完整的论点,而不是名词短语。
- 写
老代码不受影响,编译结果与之前完全一致,而不是 兼容性。
- 读者光看标题就能读完整条论证链。
Tone / 语气
- 克制的诚实,甚至自嘲。承认代价、承认自己也踩过坑,比形容词更有说服力。
- 强调要省着用。全文只在最关键处加粗/斜体一次,反而最醒目。
Step 5: Review & Iteration
Present the doc and steer feedback to the sections that matter most:
设计文档已生成。重点请看这几处:
- Rationale:被放弃的方案和理由是否站得住?有没有遗漏的备选项?
- Compatibility:破坏性和代价是否如实说清?迁移路径可行吗?
- Background:痛点是否用具体例子讲清,而不是形容词?
- 文风:标题是否是"结论"而非名词?有没有无主语的被动腔?
回复 OK 保存,或给出修改意见。
Step 6: Save
设计文档保存到哪里?
A. tasks/design-[feature-name].md(紧挨 PRD,推荐)
B. docs/design/[feature-name].md
C. 自定义路径:[指定]
Mapping: PRD → Design Doc
| PRD 部分 | Design Doc 部分 | 转化方式 |
|---|
| Problem / 背景 | Background | 找到真实的痛点代码/场景,量化它 |
| Goals / 目标 | Abstract + Background | 提炼成"最重要的承诺"埋进摘要 |
| User Stories / 需求 | Design | 转成渐进式的设计示例 |
| Technical Considerations | Design + Rationale | 约束 → 设计决策 + 取舍论证 |
| Non-Goals | Rationale | 写成"我们没做 X,因为 Y" |
| Risks / 风险 | Compatibility + Implementation | 风险 → 兼容性代价 + 迁移/灰度方案 |
| 隐含的备选方案 | Rationale | 显式列出并解释为何不选 |
Quality Criteria
A good design doc should pass these checks:
Edge Cases & Fallback
| 场景 | 处理 |
|---|
| PRD 含糊不全 | 在 Step 3 多问,把缺失项写进 Open Questions / 假设 |
| 没有真实痛点代码可引 | 用最小可信的示例代码代替,并注明是构造的 |
| 没有备选方案可写 | 强迫思考"最朴素的做法是什么、为什么不够"——总有一个被否决的基线 |
| 不是破坏性变更 | Compatibility 一句话说明"纯增量、无破坏",不必硬凑 |
| 方案最终被否决 | 照样写好——记录"这条路为什么走不通"本身就是高价值产物,Status 标 Rejected |
| 特性太大 | 拆成多篇 design doc(按边界),互相链接 |
| 用户只要实现契约 | 提示改用 /prd-to-spec,或先 to-design 再 prd-to-spec |
Anti-Patterns to Avoid
- 别只论证你选的方案。 不写被放弃的备选项,文档就少了一半价值。
- 别用形容词讲痛点。 "现状很糟"没有说服力;一段真实的 bug 代码才有。
- 别藏代价。 性能变慢、行为变化、迁移成本——都明说,再给迁移路径。
- 别把标题写成名词。 "兼容性" → "老代码不受影响,编译结果完全一致"。
- 别用无主语的被动腔。 决策要有人负责,主语用"我们"。
- 别写成 SPEC。 设计文档讲"为什么这么选"和"取舍",不是字段级的实现契约。
- 别因为方案可能被否就敷衍。 文档质量与提案是否通过无关。
Relationship to Other Skills
/prd → /to-design → /prd-to-spec → /goal → /review-it → /ship-it
│ │ │ │
│ 需求(what) │ 决策与取舍 │ 实现契约(how) │ 编码
│ │ (why/which) │
- /prd 产出 PRD(本 skill 的输入)
- /to-design 产出设计文档:论证方案、暴露取舍、对齐认知(本 skill)
- /prd-to-spec 产出实现级 SPEC:字段、接口、schema 契约
- /code-to-spec 从既有代码逆向出 SPEC(互补:正向 vs 逆向)
写设计文档的终极目的不是"说服别人同意你",而是"让所有人在同一个事实和取舍基础上做决定"。