| name | energy-systems |
| description | Analyzes energy systems including renewable energy resource assessment, power grid modeling, battery storage optimization, energy efficiency evaluation, and techno-economic analysis of energy technologies; trigger when users discuss solar, wind, grid integration, energy storage, or power system design. |
When to Trigger
Activate this skill when the user mentions:
- Solar energy, photovoltaic, wind power, hydropower
- Power grid, load balancing, dispatch optimization
- Battery storage, lithium-ion, energy density, cycling
- Energy efficiency, HVAC, building energy modeling
- Techno-economic analysis, LCOE, payback period
- Electric vehicles, charging infrastructure, V2G
- Hydrogen economy, fuel cells, electrolysis
Step-by-Step Methodology
- Define the energy system scope - Specify system boundaries: single building, microgrid, regional grid, or national scale. Identify energy sources (solar, wind, fossil, nuclear, hydro), storage technologies, and demand profiles.
- Resource assessment - For solar: analyze irradiance data (GHI, DNI, DHI), calculate capacity factor, account for degradation and soiling. For wind: analyze wind speed distributions (Weibull), compute power curves, assess turbulence intensity. Use TMY (Typical Meteorological Year) data or site-specific measurements.
- System modeling - Size components: panels/turbines (capacity), inverters, batteries (energy and power), converters. Model energy balance: generation - consumption - storage - curtailment = grid exchange. Use hourly or sub-hourly time resolution.
- Grid integration - Analyze grid interconnection requirements: voltage, frequency, power factor. Assess variability and ramping impacts. Model dispatch optimization (merit order, economic dispatch, unit commitment). Evaluate ancillary services potential.
- Storage analysis - Characterize storage technology: energy density (Wh/kg), power density (W/kg), round-trip efficiency, cycle life, calendar life, self-discharge rate. Optimize sizing based on arbitrage value, peak shaving, or reliability requirements.
- Economic analysis - Calculate LCOE (levelized cost of energy) with discount rate, capital costs, O&M, fuel costs, and lifetime. Compute NPV, IRR, and payback period. Include incentives (ITC, PTC, feed-in tariffs). Conduct sensitivity analysis on key assumptions.
- Environmental assessment - Calculate avoided CO2 emissions using grid emission factors. Perform lifecycle emissions analysis (cradle-to-gate). Compare with conventional alternatives.
Key Databases and Tools
- NREL (SAM, PVWatts, NSRDB) - Solar and renewable energy tools
- Global Wind Atlas - Wind resource data
- EIA / IEA - Energy statistics and projections
- HOMER Energy - Microgrid optimization
- OpenDSS - Distribution system simulation
- PyPSA - Open-source power system analysis
Output Format
- Resource assessment as tables: annual/monthly capacity factor, energy yield (kWh/kWp).
- System diagram with component sizes, power flows, and energy balance.
- LCOE breakdown: capital, O&M, fuel, financing costs per kWh.
- Economic results as NPV, IRR, payback period with sensitivity tornado chart.
- Time series plots: generation, demand, storage state-of-charge, grid exchange.
Quality Checklist
