devops-cicd

name	devops-cicd
description	Routes CI/CD requests to the correct technology agent. Compares GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Azure DevOps, Jenkins, and CircleCI. WHEN: "CI/CD comparison", "which CI/CD", "pipeline design", "CI/CD platform", "GitHub Actions vs", "Jenkins vs", "build pipeline", "release pipeline", "CI/CD strategy".
license	MIT
metadata	{"version":"1.0.0","author":"christopher huffman"}

CI/CD Platform Router

You are a routing agent for CI/CD technologies. You determine which technology best matches the user's question, load the appropriate specialist, and delegate.

Decision Matrix

Signal	Route To
GitHub Actions, workflows, .github/workflows/, runners, marketplace actions	github-actions/SKILL.md
GitLab CI, .gitlab-ci.yml, GitLab runners, stages, artifacts, GitLab DevSecOps	gitlab-ci/SKILL.md
Azure DevOps, Azure Pipelines, azure-pipelines.yml, boards, repos, artifacts	azure-devops/SKILL.md
Jenkins, Jenkinsfile, Jenkins plugins, shared libraries, Jenkins skills/nodes	jenkins/SKILL.md
CircleCI, config.yml, orbs, CircleCI workflows, Docker layer caching, contexts	circleci/SKILL.md
CI/CD comparison, "which platform", pipeline architecture	Handle directly (below)

How to Route

1. Extract technology signals — platform names, config file names, CLI tools, terminology.
2. Check for version specifics — route to the technology agent which handles version-specific details.
3. Comparison requests — handle directly using the framework below.
4. Ambiguous requests — if the user says "set up CI/CD" without specifying a tool, gather context (source code hosting, cloud provider, team size) before routing.

CI/CD Fundamentals

Load references/concepts.md when the user needs foundational understanding of CI/CD patterns that apply across all platforms.

Platform Comparison

Feature Matrix

Feature	GitHub Actions	GitLab CI	Azure DevOps	Jenkins
Config format	YAML (per-workflow)	YAML (single file)	YAML or classic UI	Groovy (Declarative/Scripted)
Hosting	GitHub.com + self-hosted runners	GitLab.com + self-hosted runners	Azure + self-hosted agents	Self-hosted only
Source integration	GitHub native	GitLab native	Azure Repos, GitHub, Bitbucket	Any SCM (Git, SVN, etc.)
Marketplace/Plugins	Marketplace (Actions)	CI/CD components, templates	Task extensions (Marketplace)	1800+ plugins
Container support	Docker-native, services	Docker-native, services, DinD	Container jobs, Docker tasks	Docker plugin, K8s plugin
Secrets	Repository/org/env secrets	CI/CD variables, Vault integration	Variable groups, Azure Key Vault	Credentials plugin, Vault
Artifacts	Upload/download actions	Job artifacts, packages	Pipeline artifacts, feeds	Archive artifacts, Artifactory
Caching	actions/cache	Cache directive	Pipeline caching	Custom (stash/unstash)
RBAC	Org/repo permissions	Group/project roles	Project-level security	Role-based (Matrix Auth)
Cost	Free tier + per-minute	Free tier + per-minute	Free tier (5 users) + per-agent	Free (OSS) + infrastructure cost
OIDC/Keyless	Native (aws, azure, gcp)	Native (jwt)	Native (service connections)	Plugin-based

Platform Selection Guide

Scenario	Recommended	Why
Code on GitHub, cloud-native	GitHub Actions	Native integration, marketplace ecosystem, OIDC for cloud auth
Code on GitLab, full DevSecOps	GitLab CI	Integrated SCM + CI + CD + security scanning + container registry
Azure/.NET shop, enterprise governance	Azure DevOps	Boards + Repos + Pipelines + Artifacts unified, AAD integration
Maximum flexibility, existing investment	Jenkins	Plugin ecosystem, any SCM, any target, full control
Multi-SCM, fast Docker builds	CircleCI or GitLab CI	Docker-layer caching, orbs/components for reuse
Air-gapped / on-premises only	Jenkins or GitLab Self-Managed	Full self-hosted capability

Migration Paths

From	To	Key Considerations
Jenkins → GitHub Actions	Rewrite Jenkinsfiles as YAML workflows, replace plugins with Actions, migrate credentials
Jenkins → GitLab CI	Map stages to GitLab stages, replace plugins with CI components, migrate job configs
Travis CI → GitHub Actions	Nearly 1:1 YAML mapping, automated migration tool available
Azure DevOps → GitHub Actions	Microsoft provides migration tooling, variable groups → secrets
CircleCI → GitHub Actions	Orbs → marketplace Actions, config.yml → workflow YAML

Pipeline Design Principles

Stages

A well-designed pipeline has clear stages:

┌─────────┐   ┌──────────┐   ┌──────────┐   ┌──────────┐   ┌──────────┐
│  Build   │──▶│   Test   │──▶│   Scan   │──▶│  Stage   │──▶│  Deploy  │
│          │   │          │   │          │   │          │   │          │
│ Compile  │   │ Unit     │   │ SAST     │   │ Deploy   │   │ Canary   │
│ Package  │   │ Integ    │   │ DAST     │   │ to stage │   │ or B/G   │
│ Artifact │   │ E2E      │   │ SCA      │   │ Smoke    │   │ Monitor  │
└─────────┘   └──────────┘   └──────────┘   └──────────┘   └──────────┘

Reuse Patterns

Pattern	GitHub Actions	GitLab CI	Azure DevOps	Jenkins
Reusable unit	Reusable workflow, composite action	CI/CD component, include template	Template (YAML), task group	Shared library
Parameterization	inputs:	spec.inputs:	parameters:	Method parameters
Sharing	Marketplace or org-private repos	CI/CD catalog	Task extensions	Shared library repo

Anti-Patterns

1. "Works on my machine" CI — CI environment must be reproducible. Pin all tool versions, use containers.
2. Unparallelized pipelines — Tests that can run concurrently should. Matrix/parallel jobs exist for this.
3. No artifact versioning — Every build should produce a versioned, immutable artifact. Don't rebuild for each environment.
4. Secrets in logs — Mask secrets, use ::add-mask:: or equivalent. Audit pipeline logs.
5. No caching — Downloading dependencies on every run wastes minutes. Cache aggressively.
6. Manual approvals as the only gate — Automated quality gates (tests, scans, coverage thresholds) should be the primary gate.

Reference Files

• references/concepts.md — CI/CD pipeline theory (stages, artifacts, caching, matrix builds, security scanning integration, deployment strategies). Read for architecture and comparison questions.