ponder

name	ponder
description	Integrate Ponder into a Scaffold-ETH 2 project for blockchain event indexing. Use when the user wants to: index contract events, add a blockchain backend, set up GraphQL for onchain data, use Ponder with SE-2, or build an indexer for their dApp.

Ponder Integration for Scaffold-ETH 2

Prerequisites

This skill is designed for Scaffold-ETH 2 (SE-2) projects. If the user is not already inside an SE-2 project, use the ethereum-app-builder skill from this same skill package to scaffold one first, then come back here to add Ponder.

How to check: look for packages/nextjs/ and either packages/hardhat/ or packages/foundry/ in the project root, along with a root package.json with SE-2 workspace scripts (yarn chain, yarn deploy, yarn start).

Overview

Ponder is an open-source framework for blockchain application backends. It indexes smart contract events and serves the data via a GraphQL API. This skill covers integrating Ponder into a Scaffold-ETH 2 (SE-2) project.

For anything not covered here, refer to the Ponder docs or search the web. This skill provides the SE-2-specific integration knowledge, not a complete Ponder reference.

SE-2 Project Context

Scaffold-ETH 2 (SE-2) is a yarn (v3) monorepo for building dApps on Ethereum. It comes in two flavors based on the Solidity framework:

• Hardhat flavor: contracts at packages/hardhat/contracts/, deploy scripts at packages/hardhat/deploy/
• Foundry flavor: contracts at packages/foundry/contracts/, deploy scripts at packages/foundry/script/

Check which exists in the project to know the flavor. Both flavors share:

• packages/nextjs/: React frontend (Next.js App Router, Tailwind + DaisyUI, RainbowKit, Wagmi, Viem). Uses ~~ path alias for imports.
• packages/nextjs/contracts/deployedContracts.ts: auto-generated after yarn deploy, contains ABIs, addresses, and deployment block numbers for all contracts, keyed by chain ID.
• packages/nextjs/scaffold.config.ts: project config including targetNetworks (array of viem chain objects).
• Root package.json: monorepo scripts that proxy into workspaces (e.g. yarn chain, yarn deploy, yarn start).

Ponder gets added as a new workspace at packages/ponder/. The key integration point is that Ponder reads deployedContracts and scaffold.config from the nextjs package, so it automatically knows about all deployed contracts without duplicating ABIs or addresses.

Look at the actual project structure and contracts before setting things up. Adapt to what's there rather than following this skill rigidly.

Dependencies & Scripts

Ponder package (packages/ponder/)

The packages/ponder/package.json should follow SE-2's workspace naming convention (@se-2/ponder). Reference structure with minimum version requirements. Check npm or the Ponder docs for the latest versions before installing:

{
  "name": "@se-2/ponder",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "ponder dev",
    "start": "ponder start",
    "db": "ponder db",
    "codegen": "ponder codegen",
    "serve": "ponder serve",
    "lint": "eslint .",
    "typecheck": "tsc"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "ponder": "latest",
    "hono": "^4.5.0",
    "viem": "^2.0.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^20.10.0",
    "eslint": "^8.54.0",
    "eslint-config-ponder": "latest",
    "typescript": "^5.0.4"
  },
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=18.18"
  }
}

Note: ponder and eslint-config-ponder versions should match. Use latest or check the releases for the current stable version.

NextJS package additions

These are needed in packages/nextjs/ for querying Ponder's GraphQL API from the frontend:

{
  "graphql": "^16.9.0",
  "graphql-request": "^7.1.0"
}

Root package.json scripts

Wire up workspace commands so they're accessible from the monorepo root:

{
  "ponder:dev": "yarn workspace @se-2/ponder dev",
  "ponder:start": "yarn workspace @se-2/ponder start",
  "ponder:codegen": "yarn workspace @se-2/ponder codegen",
  "ponder:serve": "yarn workspace @se-2/ponder serve",
  "ponder:lint": "yarn workspace @se-2/ponder lint",
  "ponder:typecheck": "yarn workspace @se-2/ponder typecheck"
}

Environment variables

A .env.example in packages/ponder/ for reference:

# RPC URL for the target chain (replace {chainId} with actual chain ID, e.g. PONDER_RPC_URL_1 for mainnet)
PONDER_RPC_URL_{chainId}=

# Database schema name
DATABASE_SCHEMA=my_schema

# (Optional) Postgres database URL. If not provided, PGlite (embedded Postgres) will be used.
DATABASE_URL=

The frontend uses NEXT_PUBLIC_PONDER_URL to know where the Ponder API lives (defaults to http://localhost:42069 in dev).

Ponder Package Configuration

ponder.config.ts - bridging SE-2 and Ponder

The config needs to read SE-2's deployed contracts and scaffold config so Ponder is aware of what to index. Here's a reference implementation that dynamically builds the Ponder config from SE-2's data. Adapt it based on the project's actual setup (e.g., if multiple networks are needed, or if contracts should be filtered):

import { createConfig } from "ponder";
import deployedContracts from "../nextjs/contracts/deployedContracts";
import scaffoldConfig from "../nextjs/scaffold.config";

const targetNetwork = scaffoldConfig.targetNetworks[0];

const deployedContractsForNetwork = deployedContracts[targetNetwork.id];
if (!deployedContractsForNetwork) {
  throw new Error(`No deployed contracts found for network ID ${targetNetwork.id}`);
}

const chains = {
  [targetNetwork.name]: {
    id: targetNetwork.id,
    rpc: process.env[`PONDER_RPC_URL_${targetNetwork.id}`] || "http://127.0.0.1:8545",
  },
};

const contractNames = Object.keys(deployedContractsForNetwork);

const contracts = Object.fromEntries(contractNames.map((contractName) => {
  return [contractName, {
    chain: targetNetwork.name as string,
    abi: deployedContractsForNetwork[contractName].abi,
    address: deployedContractsForNetwork[contractName].address,
    startBlock: deployedContractsForNetwork[contractName].deployedOnBlock || 0,
  }];
}));

export default createConfig({
  chains: chains,
  contracts: contracts,
});

Schema definition

The schema in ponder.schema.ts should reflect the project's actual contract events. Look at what events the deployed contracts emit and design tables to capture that data. Each onchainTable defines a table that Ponder populates during indexing.

Solidity-to-Ponder type reference:

Solidity	Ponder	TS type
address	t.hex()	`0x${string}`
uint256 / int256	t.bigint()	bigint
string	t.text()	string
bool	t.boolean()	boolean
bytes / bytes32	t.hex()	`0x${string}`
uint8 / uint32 etc.	t.integer()	number

Additional column types: t.real() (floats), t.timestamp() (Date), t.json() (arbitrary JSON). Columns support modifiers: .primaryKey(), .notNull(), .default(value), .array(). See schema docs for the full API including composite primary keys, indexes, and enums.

Syntax example (for a greeting event, your schema will differ based on the actual contracts):

import { onchainTable } from "ponder";

export const greeting = onchainTable("greeting", (t) => ({
  id: t.text().primaryKey(),
  text: t.text().notNull(),
  setterId: t.hex().notNull(),
  premium: t.boolean().notNull(),
  value: t.bigint().notNull(),
  timestamp: t.integer().notNull(),
}));

Event handlers

Handlers go in packages/ponder/src/ and define what happens when contract events are detected. Look at the project's contracts to decide which events matter and what data to extract. The handler name format is "ContractName:EventName", where ContractName matches the key in deployedContracts.

Syntax example:

import { ponder } from "ponder:registry";
import { greeting } from "ponder:schema";

ponder.on("YourContract:GreetingChange", async ({ event, context }) => {
  await context.db.insert(greeting).values({
    id: event.id,
    text: event.args.newGreeting,
    setterId: event.args.greetingSetter,
    premium: event.args.premium,
    value: event.args.value,
    timestamp: Number(event.block.timestamp),
  });
});

GraphQL API

Ponder serves data via a Hono-based API. This is mostly boilerplate. A minimal packages/ponder/src/api/index.ts:

import { db } from "ponder:api";
import schema from "ponder:schema";
import { Hono } from "hono";
import { graphql } from "ponder";

const app = new Hono();

app.use("/graphql", graphql({ db, schema }));

export default app;

Custom API routes can be added to this Hono app if GraphQL alone isn't sufficient. See Ponder API docs.

Boilerplate files

These are standard Ponder project files, nothing SE-2-specific, just needed for Ponder to work:

• ponder-env.d.ts: type declarations for Ponder's virtual modules (ponder:registry, ponder:schema, ponder:api, etc.)
• tsconfig.json: standard strict TS config with moduleResolution: "bundler", module: "ESNext", target: "ES2022"
• .gitignore: should include node_modules, .ponder, /generated/

SE-2 Integration

Header navigation

The SE-2 header has a menu links array. Add a navigation tab for the Ponder page. Pick an appropriate icon from @heroicons/react/24/outline that fits the context of data indexing.

Frontend page

The frontend needs a page to display Ponder-indexed data. Use graphql-request and @tanstack/react-query (both available in SE-2) to query the Ponder API. The GraphQL query shape depends on what you defined in ponder.schema.ts. Ponder auto-generates queries from your schema, with each onchainTable getting a pluralized query with items, orderBy, and orderDirection support.

Fetch pattern for reference:

const fetchData = async () => {
  const query = gql`
    query {
      greetings(orderBy: "timestamp", orderDirection: "desc") {
        items { id text setterId premium value timestamp }
      }
    }
  `;
  return request(
    `${process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_PONDER_URL || "http://localhost:42069"}/graphql`,
    query,
  );
};

// In component:
const { data } = useQuery({ queryKey: ["ponder-data"], queryFn: fetchData });

Build out the UI based on the indexed data and the project's existing patterns. SE-2 uses @scaffold-ui/components for blockchain/Ethereum components (addresses, balances, etc.) and DaisyUI + Tailwind for general component and styling. Whether this is a new page or integrated into an existing one depends on the project.

Development & Deployment

• yarn ponder:dev starts the dev server with hot reload. GraphiQL explorer available at http://localhost:42069 for testing queries interactively.
• For production deployment, see Ponder deployment docs. Key things: set PONDER_RPC_URL_{chainId} with a production RPC, optionally configure DATABASE_URL for Postgres (defaults to PGlite in dev), and point the frontend's NEXT_PUBLIC_PONDER_URL to the deployed Ponder URL.