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macOS post-exploitation for credential harvesting, DTrace monitoring, TCC bypass, and stealth operations via native tools
Windows userland post-exploitation for credential harvesting, monitoring, AMSI/ETW bypass, and stealth operations
Kubernetes post-exploitation for container escape, secret extraction, RBAC abuse, and cluster persistence
Based on SOC occupation classification
Showing SKILL.md
| name | cis-ubuntu1604-v200-1-4-2 |
| description | Ensure bootloader password is set |
| category | cis-iam |
| version | 2.0.0 |
| author | cyberstrike-official |
| tags | ["cis","ubuntu","linux","ubuntu-16.04","bootloader","grub","password","secure-boot"] |
| cis_id | 1.4.2 |
| cis_benchmark | CIS Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS Benchmark v2.0.0 |
| tech_stack | ["ubuntu","linux"] |
| cwe_ids | [] |
| chains_with | [] |
| prerequisites | [] |
| severity_boost | {} |
Setting the boot loader password will require that anyone rebooting the system must enter a password before being able to set command line boot parameters.
Requiring a boot password upon execution of the boot loader will prevent an unauthorized user from entering boot parameters or changing the boot partition. This prevents users from weakening security (e.g. turning off AppArmor at boot time).
If password protection is enabled, only the designated superuser can edit a Grub 2 menu item by pressing "e" or access the GRUB 2 command line by pressing "c".
If GRUB 2 is set up to boot automatically to a password-protected menu entry the user has no option to back out of the password prompt to select another menu entry. Holding the SHIFT key will not display the menu in this case. The user must enter the correct username and password. If unable, the configuration files will have to be edited via the LiveCD or other means to fix the problem.
You can add --unrestricted to the menu entries to allow the system to boot without entering a password. Password will still be required to edit menu items.
More Information: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Passwords
Run the following commands and verify output matches:
grep "^set superusers" /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Expected output: set superusers="<username>"
grep "^password" /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Expected output: password_pbkdf2 <username> <encrypted-password>
The set superusers and password_pbkdf2 lines should be present in /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
Create an encrypted password with grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2:
grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
Enter password: <password>
Reenter password: <password>
PBKDF2 hash of your password is <encrypted-password>
Add the following into a custom /etc/grub.d configuration file:
cat <<EOF
set superusers="<username>"
password_pbkdf2 <username> <encrypted-password>
EOF
The superuser/user information and password should not be contained in the /etc/grub.d/00_header file as this file could be overwritten in a package update.
If there is a requirement to be able to boot/reboot without entering the password, edit /etc/grub.d/10_linux and add --unrestricted to the line CLASS=
Example:
CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted"
Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:
update-grub
This recommendation is designed around the grub bootloader, if LILO or another bootloader is in use in your environment enact equivalent settings.
Replace /boot/grub/grub.cfg with the appropriate grub configuration file for your environment.
None.
| Controls Version | Control |
|---|---|
| v7 | 5.1 Establish Secure Configurations |
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