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seo-optimization

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UpdatedJune 10, 2026 at 01:34

Complete SEO optimization skill for the SEO Specialist agent. Covers meta tags (useHead/useSeoMeta for Nuxt 4, generateMetadata for Next.js 15), Open Graph & Twitter Cards, JSON-LD structured data (Article, Product, FAQ, BreadcrumbList, Organization), sitemap.xml & robots.txt, Core Web Vitals optimization (LCP, FID, CLS), SSR/SSG for SEO, canonical URLs, hreflang tags, Google Search Console verification, and a full SEO audit checklist. Designed for the seo-specialist agent working with Nuxt 4 and Next.js 15 frontends.

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SEO Optimization

Target Agent: @seo (SEO Specialist) Stack: Nuxt 4 · Next.js 15 App Router · JSON-LD Structured Data · SSR/SSG · Core Web Vitals · Google Search Console

Comprehensive reference for search engine optimization across Nuxt 4 and Next.js 15 projects. Covers every aspect of on-page SEO, structured data, technical optimization, and verification.

Meta Tags — useHead / useSeoMeta (Nuxt 4)
Meta Tags — generateMetadata (Next.js 15)
Open Graph & Twitter Cards
JSON-LD Structured Data
Canonical URLs
Hreflang Tags
Sitemap.xml
Robots.txt
Core Web Vitals Optimization
SSR/SSG for SEO
Google Search Console Verification
SEO Audit Checklist

1. Meta Tags — useHead / useSeoMeta (Nuxt 4)

useSeoMeta (Recommended — reactive)

Simplified composable that sets common SEO meta tags with full reactivity:

// Standard page setup
useSeoMeta({
  title: 'Page Title - Site Name',
  titleTemplate: '%s | Site Name',
  description: 'Compelling page description targeting primary keywords, 150–160 characters.',
  ogTitle: 'Page Title',
  ogDescription: 'Compelling description for social sharing (max ~300 chars).',
  ogImage: 'https://example.com/og-image.jpg',
  ogImageWidth: 1200,
  ogImageHeight: 630,
  ogUrl: 'https://example.com/page',
  ogType: 'website',
  ogSiteName: 'Site Name',
  ogLocale: 'id_ID',
  twitterCard: 'summary_large_image',
  twitterTitle: 'Page Title',
  twitterDescription: 'Compelling description for Twitter.',
  twitterImage: 'https://example.com/twitter-image.jpg',
  twitterSite: '@sitehandle',
  robots: 'index, follow',
})

useHead (Advanced — full control)

For setting link tags, script tags, and arbitrary <head> elements:

useHead({
  title: 'Page Title - Site Name',
  titleTemplate: '%s | Site Name',
  link: [
    { rel: 'canonical', href: 'https://example.com/page' },
    { rel: 'alternate', hreflang: 'en', href: 'https://example.com/en/page' },
    { rel: 'alternate', hreflang: 'id', href: 'https://example.com/id/page' },
    { rel: 'alternate', hreflang: 'x-default', href: 'https://example.com/page' },
  ],
  meta: [
    { name: 'robots', content: 'index, follow' },
    { name: 'google-site-verification', content: 'VERIFICATION_CODE' },
    { name: 'msvalidate.01', content: 'BING_VERIFICATION_CODE' },
    { name: 'format-detection', content: 'telephone=no' },
    { name: 'theme-color', content: '#ffffff' },
  ],
  script: [
    {
      type: 'application/ld+json',
      children: JSON.stringify({ /* structured data */ }),
    },
  ],
})

Nuxt Config Defaults

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  app: {
    head: {
      charset: 'utf-8',
      viewport: 'width=device-width, initial-scale=1',
      titleTemplate: '%s | Site Name',
    },
  },
})

Composable for Reusable SEO

// composables/useSeo.ts
export function usePageSeo(options: {
  title: string
  description: string
  ogImage?: string
  canonical?: string
  type?: string
  robots?: string
  jsonld?: Record<string, unknown>
}) {
  const config = useRuntimeConfig()
  const route = useRoute()
  const baseUrl = config.public.siteUrl || 'https://example.com'
  const defaultOgImage = `${baseUrl}/images/og-default.jpg`

  useSeoMeta({
    title: options.title,
    description: options.description,
    ogTitle: options.title,
    ogDescription: options.description,
    ogImage: options.ogImage || defaultOgImage,
    ogUrl: options.canonical || `${baseUrl}${route.path}`,
    ogType: options.type || 'website',
    twitterCard: 'summary_large_image',
  })

  useHead({
    link: [
      { rel: 'canonical', href: options.canonical || `${baseUrl}${route.path}` },
    ],
    meta: [
      { name: 'robots', content: options.robots || 'index, follow' },
    ],
  })

  if (options.jsonld) {
    useHead({
      script: [
        {
          type: 'application/ld+json',
          children: JSON.stringify(options.jsonld),
        },
      ],
    })
  }
}

Per-Page Usage

// pages/blog/[slug].vue
const { data: article } = await useAsyncData('article', () =>
  fetchArticle(route.params.slug)
)

usePageSeo({
  title: `${article.value.title} - Blog`,
  description: article.value.excerpt,
  ogImage: article.value.ogImage,
  canonical: `${baseUrl}/blog/${article.value.slug}`,
  type: 'article',
  jsonld: {
    '@context': 'https://schema.org',
    '@type': 'Article',
    headline: article.value.title,
    description: article.value.excerpt,
    image: article.value.ogImage,
    author: { '@type': 'Person', name: article.value.author },
    datePublished: article.value.publishedAt,
    dateModified: article.value.updatedAt,
  },
})

2. Meta Tags — generateMetadata (Next.js 15)

Static Metadata (Pages without dynamic data)

// app/about/page.tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: 'About Us - Site Name',
  description: 'Learn more about our company, mission, and team.',
  openGraph: {
    title: 'About Us - Site Name',
    description: 'Learn more about our company, mission, and team.',
    url: 'https://example.com/about',
    siteName: 'Site Name',
    images: [{ url: 'https://example.com/og-about.jpg', width: 1200, height: 630 }],
    locale: 'id_ID',
    type: 'website',
  },
  twitter: {
    card: 'summary_large_image',
    title: 'About Us - Site Name',
    description: 'Learn more about our company, mission, and team.',
    images: ['https://example.com/twitter-about.jpg'],
  },
  robots: { index: true, follow: true },
  alternates: {
    canonical: 'https://example.com/about',
    languages: {
      'en': 'https://example.com/en/about',
      'id': 'https://example.com/id/about',
    },
  },
}

Dynamic Metadata (Data-driven pages)

// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

interface Props {
  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
}

export async function generateMetadata({ params }: Props): Promise<Metadata> {
  const { slug } = await params
  const article = await fetchArticle(slug)

  return {
    title: `${article.title} - Blog`,
    description: article.excerpt,
    openGraph: {
      title: article.title,
      description: article.excerpt,
      url: `https://example.com/blog/${slug}`,
      images: [{ url: article.ogImage, width: 1200, height: 630 }],
      type: 'article',
      publishedTime: article.publishedAt,
      authors: [article.author],
    },
    twitter: {
      card: 'summary_large_image',
      title: article.title,
      description: article.excerpt,
      images: [article.ogImage],
    },
    alternates: {
      canonical: `https://example.com/blog/${slug}`,
    },
    robots: { index: true, follow: true },
  }
}

export default async function BlogPost({ params }: Props) {
  const { slug } = await params
  const article = await fetchArticle(slug)
  return <ArticlePage article={article} />
}

Metadata Root Layout

// app/layout.tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: {
    template: '%s | Site Name',
    default: 'Site Name — Tagline',
  },
  description: 'Default site description for search engines.',
  metadataBase: new URL('https://example.com'),
  openGraph: {
    siteName: 'Site Name',
    type: 'website',
    locale: 'id_ID',
  },
  twitter: {
    card: 'summary_large_image',
    creator: '@sitehandle',
  },
  robots: {
    index: true,
    follow: true,
    googleBot: { index: true, follow: true, 'max-video-preview': -1, 'max-image-preview': 'large', 'max-snippet': -1 },
  },
  verification: {
    google: 'GOOGLE_VERIFICATION_CODE',
    yandex: 'YANDEX_VERIFICATION_CODE',
    yahoo: 'YAHOO_VERIFICATION_CODE',
  },
}

JSON-LD via Script Tag in Next.js

// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx — continued
export default async function BlogPost({ params }: Props) {
  const { slug } = await params
  const article = await fetchArticle(slug)

  const jsonLd = {
    '@context': 'https://schema.org',
    '@type': 'Article',
    headline: article.title,
    description: article.excerpt,
    image: article.ogImage,
    author: { '@type': 'Person', name: article.author },
    datePublished: article.publishedAt,
    dateModified: article.updatedAt,
    publisher: {
      '@type': 'Organization',
      name: 'Company Name',
      logo: { '@type': 'ImageObject', url: 'https://example.com/logo.png' },
    },
  }

  return (
    <>
      <script
        type="application/ld+json"
        dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }}
      />
      <ArticlePage article={article} />
    </>
  )
}

3. Open Graph & Twitter Cards

Standard Open Graph Tags

Property	Required	Description	Recommended Value
`og:title`	Yes	Page title for social shares	40–60 chars
`og:description`	Yes	Description for social shares	150–200 chars
`og:image`	Yes	Social share image (1200×630px, <5MB)	JPG/PNG/WebP
`og:url`	Yes	Canonical URL	Full absolute URL
`og:type`	No	Content type	`website`, `article`, `product`
`og:site_name`	No	Site name	Brand name
`og:locale`	No	Language & region	`id_ID`, `en_US`
`og:image:width`	No	Image width in px	1200
`og:image:height`	No	Image height in px	630
`og:video`	No	Video URL for video content	Full URL
`og:audio`	No	Audio URL for podcast content	Full URL
`fb:app_id`	No	Facebook app ID for insights	Numeric ID

Standard Twitter Card Tags

Property	Required	Description	Recommended Value
`twitter:card`	Yes	Card type	`summary_large_image` or `summary`
`twitter:site`	Yes	Twitter handle	`@username`
`twitter:title`	Yes	Page title	40–70 chars
`twitter:description`	Yes	Page description	150–200 chars
`twitter:image`	Yes	Share image	1200×675px (2:1 ratio)
`twitter:creator`	No	Content author handle	`@username`
`twitter:domain`	No	Site domain	`example.com`
`twitter:player`	No	Video player URL	Full URL
`twitter:app:name:iphone`	No	iOS app name	Name

Nuxt 4 Default OG Image Composable

// composables/useOgImage.ts
export function usePageOgImage(options: {
  title: string
  description?: string
  path?: string
}) {
  const route = useRoute()
  const path = options.path || route.path

  // Use Nuxt OG Image module for dynamic generation
  defineOgImage({
    component: 'OgTemplate',
    props: {
      title: options.title,
      description: options.description || '',
    },
    url: `https://example.com${path}`,
  })
}

4. JSON-LD Structured Data

General Rules

Use @context: "https://schema.org"
Validate all schemas via Google Rich Results Test
Add schemas via <script type="application/ld+json"> tag
Never duplicate identical schemas on the same page
Keep schemas concise — only include available properties

Organization Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Organization",
  "name": "Company Name",
  "url": "https://example.com",
  "logo": "https://example.com/logo.png",
  "description": "Company description for search engines.",
  "foundingDate": "2020-01-01",
  "foundingLocation": "Jakarta, Indonesia",
  "address": {
    "@type": "PostalAddress",
    "streetAddress": "Jl. Contoh No. 123",
    "addressLocality": "Jakarta Selatan",
    "addressRegion": "DKI Jakarta",
    "postalCode": "12345",
    "addressCountry": "ID"
  },
  "contactPoint": {
    "@type": "ContactPoint",
    "telephone": "+62-21-12345678",
    "contactType": "customer service",
    "availableLanguage": ["Indonesian", "English"]
  },
  "sameAs": [
    "https://facebook.com/company",
    "https://twitter.com/company",
    "https://instagram.com/company",
    "https://linkedin.com/company/company",
    "https://youtube.com/@company"
  ]
}

Placement: Homepage and About page (via layout or global component). Nuxt: In app.vue or layout using useHead with script. Next.js: In root layout via <script type="application/ld+json">.

Article Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Article",
  "headline": "The Complete Guide to SEO in 2025",
  "description": "A comprehensive guide covering on-page SEO, technical SEO, and content strategy for 2025.",
  "image": "https://example.com/images/seo-guide-2025.jpg",
  "author": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Author Name",
    "url": "https://example.com/authors/author-name",
    "sameAs": ["https://twitter.com/author"]
  },
  "datePublished": "2025-01-15T08:00:00+07:00",
  "dateModified": "2025-03-20T14:30:00+07:00",
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Company Name",
    "logo": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/logo.png"
    }
  },
  "mainEntityOfPage": {
    "@type": "WebPage",
    "@id": "https://example.com/blog/seo-guide-2025"
  },
  "wordCount": 2500,
  "timeRequired": "PT15M",
  "articleSection": "SEO",
  "inLanguage": "id",
  "isAccessibleForFree": true
}

Variants:

Schema Type	Use Case	Properties to Include
`Article`	General blog/news	headline, author, datePublished, publisher, image
`NewsArticle`	Time-sensitive news	Same as Article + dateline, printColumn
`BlogPosting`	Blog entries	Same as Article
`TechArticle`	Technical documentation	Same as Article + proficiencyLevel, dependencies
`ScholarlyArticle`	Academic/educational	Same as Article +

Product Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Premium Widget Pro",
  "image": [
    "https://example.com/images/widget-pro-1.jpg",
    "https://example.com/images/widget-pro-2.jpg"
  ],
  "description": "High-quality premium widget with advanced features for professional use.",
  "sku": "WGT-PRO-001",
  "mpn": "WGT-PRO-001",
  "brand": {
    "@type": "Brand",
    "name": "WidgetCo"
  },
  "manufacturer": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Widget Manufacturing Inc."
  },
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "url": "https://example.com/products/widget-pro",
    "priceCurrency": "IDR",
    "price": "299000",
    "priceValidUntil": "2025-12-31",
    "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "seller": {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "name": "Company Name"
    },
    "hasMerchantReturnPolicy": {
      "@type": "MerchantReturnPolicy",
      "returnPolicyCategory": "https://schema.org/MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow",
      "merchantReturnDays": 30,
      "returnMethod": "https://schema.org/ReturnByMail",
      "returnFees": "https://schema.org/FreeReturn"
    },
    "shippingDetails": {
      "@type": "OfferShippingDetails",
      "shippingDestination": {
        "@type": "DefinedRegion",
        "addressCountry": "ID"
      },
      "deliveryTime": {
        "@type": "ShippingDeliveryTime",
        "handlingTime": {
          "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
          "minValue": 1,
          "maxValue": 2,
          "unitCode": "DAY"
        },
        "transitTime": {
          "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
          "minValue": 2,
          "maxValue": 5,
          "unitCode": "DAY"
        }
      },
      "shippingRate": {
        "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
        "value": 25000,
        "currency": "IDR"
      }
    }
  },
  "aggregateRating": {
    "@type": "AggregateRating",
    "ratingValue": "4.7",
    "bestRating": "5",
    "worstRating": "1",
    "ratingCount": "342",
    "reviewCount": "298"
  },
  "review": [
    {
      "@type": "Review",
      "reviewRating": {
        "@type": "Rating",
        "ratingValue": "5",
        "bestRating": "5"
      },
      "author": {
        "@type": "Person",
        "name": "Customer Name"
      },
      "reviewBody": "Excellent product. Highly recommended!",
      "datePublished": "2025-02-10"
    }
  ],
  "category": "Widgets > Premium"
}

FAQ Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "FAQPage",
  "mainEntity": [
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "What is SEO?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is the practice of optimizing websites to rank higher in search engine results pages (SERPs)."
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "How long does SEO take to show results?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "Typically 3–6 months for noticeable improvements, depending on competition, content quality, and technical factors."
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Question",
      "name": "Do I need multiple FAQ schemas on one page?",
      "acceptedAnswer": {
        "@type": "Answer",
        "text": "No. Use one FAQPage schema with all questions as a single mainEntity array."
      }
    }
  ]
}

Rules:

One FAQPage per page only
Each Question must have exactly one AcceptedAnswer
Answer text should be concise (under 500 chars recommended)
Do not hide answers behind accordion toggles (Google may see that as hidden content)
Minimum 2 questions, recommended 3–10

BreadcrumbList Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
  "itemListElement": [
    {
      "@type": "ListItem",
      "position": 1,
      "name": "Home",
      "item": "https://example.com/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ListItem",
      "position": 2,
      "name": "Blog",
      "item": "https://example.com/blog"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ListItem",
      "position": 3,
      "name": "SEO Best Practices",
      "item": "https://example.com/blog/seo-best-practices"
    }
  ]
}

Nuxt 4 Breadcrumb Composable:

// composables/useBreadcrumbJsonLd.ts
export function useBreadcrumbJsonLd(items: Array<{
  position: number
  name: string
  item: string
}>) {
  const schema = {
    '@context': 'https://schema.org',
    '@type': 'BreadcrumbList',
    itemListElement: items,
  }

  useHead({
    script: [
      {
        type: 'application/ld+json',
        children: JSON.stringify(schema),
      },
    ],
  })
}

LocalBusiness Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "LocalBusiness",
  "@id": "https://example.com",
  "name": "Business Name",
  "image": "https://example.com/storefront.jpg",
  "url": "https://example.com",
  "telephone": "+62-21-12345678",
  "email": "info@example.com",
  "priceRange": "$$",
  "address": {
    "@type": "PostalAddress",
    "streetAddress": "Jl. Contoh No. 123",
    "addressLocality": "Jakarta Selatan",
    "addressRegion": "DKI Jakarta",
    "postalCode": "12345",
    "addressCountry": "ID"
  },
  "geo": {
    "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
    "latitude": -6.2088,
    "longitude": 106.8456
  },
  "openingHoursSpecification": [
    {
      "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification",
      "dayOfWeek": ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday"],
      "opens": "09:00",
      "closes": "18:00"
    },
    {
      "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification",
      "dayOfWeek": "Saturday",
      "opens": "09:00",
      "closes": "14:00"
    }
  ],
  "sameAs": [
    "https://facebook.com/business",
    "https://instagram.com/business"
  ]
}

Schema Placement Strategy

Page Type	Required Schema	Optional Schema
Homepage	Organization	LocalBusiness, WebSite (SearchAction)
About	Organization, BreadcrumbList	—
Blog Post	Article, BreadcrumbList	FAQ (if applicable), Person (author)
Product	Product, BreadcrumbList	FAQ (if Q&A exists)
FAQ	FAQPage, BreadcrumbList	—
Contact	Organization	LocalBusiness
Category/Listing	BreadcrumbList	ItemList, CollectionPage
Search Results	—	SearchResultsPage, WebSite (SearchAction)

WebSite with SearchAction Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "WebSite",
  "name": "Site Name",
  "url": "https://example.com",
  "potentialAction": {
    "@type": "SearchAction",
    "target": {
      "@type": "EntryPoint",
      "urlTemplate": "https://example.com/search?q={search_term_string}"
    },
    "query-input": "required name=search_term_string"
  }
}

VideoObject Schema

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "VideoObject",
  "name": "Video Title",
  "description": "Video description with keywords.",
  "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/video-thumbnail.jpg",
  "uploadDate": "2025-01-15T08:00:00+07:00",
  "duration": "PT15M30S",
  "contentUrl": "https://example.com/videos/video.mp4",
  "embedUrl": "https://example.com/embed/video-id",
  "interactionStatistic": {
    "@type": "InteractionCounter",
    "interactionType": "https://schema.org/WatchAction",
    "userInteractionCount": 12345
  }
}

5. Canonical URLs

Best Practices

Every page MUST have a self-referencing canonical URL (except pagination)
Use absolute URLs (including https:// and domain)
Trailing slash consistency: pick one and stick with it
www vs non-www: pick one and stick with it via canonical + redirect
Never use canonical for "preferred domain" redirects — use 301 redirects
Pagination: use rel=next and rel=prev OR point to page 1 (Google's guidance shifted)

Nuxt 4

// In composable or per-page
const baseUrl = 'https://example.com'
const path = useRoute().path

useHead({
  link: [
    { rel: 'canonical', href: `${baseUrl}${path}` },
  ],
})

Next.js 15

// Per-page
export const metadata: Metadata = {
  alternates: {
    canonical: 'https://example.com/blog/post-slug',
  },
}

// Or dynamic
export async function generateMetadata({ params }): Promise<Metadata> {
  return {
    alternates: {
      canonical: `https://example.com/blog/${slug}`,
    },
  }
}

Canonical URL Rules Matrix

Scenario	Canonical URL	Notes
Single page version	Self-referencing	`https://example.com/page`
www vs non-www	Active domain	Redirect old → new, canon to new
HTTP vs HTTPS	HTTPS	Force HTTPS redirect + HTTPS canon
Trailing slash	Consistent choice	Either all with or all without
URL params (sort, filter)	Clean URL	`?sort=asc&page=2` → clean URL or first page
Paginated content	Self-referencing OR page 1	Per Google's evolving guidance
Print/PDF version	Original page	rel=canonical to HTML version
AMP pages	Original page	AMP → canonical to original
Syndicated content	Original source	Point to original publisher's URL
UTM parameters	Clean URL	Strip tracking params from canonical

6. Hreflang Tags

Rules

Must be bidirectional: page A links to page B AND page B links to page A
Include x-default fallback (the default language/region URL)
Use ISO 639-1 language codes + ISO 3166-1 Alpha 2 region codes where needed
Hreflang values: en, id, en-US, id-ID, x-default
Implement via <link> tags in <head> OR HTTP headers OR sitemap
Self-referencing hreflang is required (the current page must have its own hreflang entry)

Example — Three-Language Setup

<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://example.com/en/page" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://example.com/id/page" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://example.com/ja/page" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://example.com/en/page" />

Nuxt 4 — useHead

const langs = [
  { code: 'en', url: 'https://example.com/en' },
  { code: 'id', url: 'https://example.com/id' },
  { code: 'x-default', url: 'https://example.com/en' },
]

const route = useRoute()
const currentPath = route.path.replace(/^\/(en|id)\//, '/')

useHead({
  link: langs.map(lang => ({
    rel: 'alternate',
    hreflang: lang.code,
    href: `${lang.url}${currentPath}`,
  })),
  // Also set canonical
  link: [
    { rel: 'canonical', href: `https://example.com${route.path}` },
    ...langs.map(lang => ({
      rel: 'alternate',
      hreflang: lang.code,
      href: `${lang.url}${currentPath}`,
    })),
  ],
})

Next.js 15 — generateMetadata

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  alternates: {
    canonical: 'https://example.com/en/page',
    languages: {
      'en': 'https://example.com/en/page',
      'id': 'https://example.com/id/page',
      'x-default': 'https://example.com/en/page',
    },
  },
}

Sitemap-Based Hreflang

<url>
  <loc>https://example.com/en/page</loc>
  <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://example.com/en/page" />
  <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://example.com/id/page" />
  <xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://example.com/en/page" />
</url>

7. Sitemap.xml

Structure Guidelines

Maximum 50,000 URLs per sitemap file
Maximum 50MB uncompressed per sitemap file
Use sitemap index for sites exceeding limits
Compress with gzip (*.xml.gz) to reduce load on crawlers
Include lastmod (last modification date in W3C datetime format)
Set changefreq and priority thoughtfully — don't set everything to daily/1.0
Submit sitemap URL in robots.txt AND Google Search Console AND Bing Webmaster Tools

Change Frequency Reference

Value	When to Use
`always`	Live scores, stock tickers, real-time data (rarely appropriate)
`hourly`	News sites, frequently updated content
`daily`	Blog, articles, product pages with frequent changes
`weekly`	Static product pages, category pages, general content
`monthly`	About, contact, evergreen content
`yearly`	Legal pages, privacy policy, terms of service
`never`	Archived content that will never change (use sparingly)

Priority Reference

Value	When to Use
`1.0`	Homepage only
`0.8`	Key landing pages, major categories
`0.6`	Blog posts, product pages, standard content
`0.4`	Tag pages, archive pages
`0.2`	Utility pages, paginated pages
`0.0`	(Avoid — effectively tells search engines to ignore)

Nuxt 4 Sitemap Configuration

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  modules: ['@nuxtjs/sitemap'],
  sitemap: {
    hostname: 'https://example.com',
    gzip: true,
    defaults: {
      changefreq: 'weekly',
      priority: 0.5,
      lastmod: new Date().toISOString(),
    },
    exclude: [
      '/admin/**',
      '/auth/**',
      '/api/**',
      '/_nuxt/**',
      '/404',
      '/500',
    ],
    // Dynamic URLs from API
    sources: [
      '/api/__sitemap__/articles',
    ],
  },
})

Next.js 15 Sitemap

// app/sitemap.ts
import type { MetadataRoute } from 'next'

export default async function sitemap(): Promise<MetadataRoute.Sitemap> {
  const baseUrl = 'https://example.com'

  // Static pages
  const staticPages = [
    { url: baseUrl, lastModified: new Date(), changeFrequency: 'weekly' as const, priority: 1 },
    { url: `${baseUrl}/about`, lastModified: new Date(), changeFrequency: 'monthly' as const, priority: 0.8 },
    { url: `${baseUrl}/contact`, lastModified: new Date(), changeFrequency: 'monthly' as const, priority: 0.6 },
    { url: `${baseUrl}/faq`, lastModified: new Date(), changeFrequency: 'monthly' as const, priority: 0.6 },
  ]

  // Dynamic pages from API
  const articles = await fetch(`${baseUrl}/api/articles`).then(res => res.json())
  const articlePages = articles.map((article: any) => ({
    url: `${baseUrl}/blog/${article.slug}`,
    lastModified: new Date(article.updatedAt),
    changeFrequency: 'weekly' as const,
    priority: 0.6,
  }))

  return [...staticPages, ...articlePages]
}

Sitemap Index (Next.js)

// app/sitemap.ts
import type { MetadataRoute } from 'next'

export default function sitemap(): MetadataRoute.Sitemap {
  return [
    {
      url: 'https://example.com/sitemap-pages.xml',
      lastModified: new Date(),
    },
    {
      url: 'https://example.com/sitemap-articles.xml',
      lastModified: new Date(),
    },
    {
      url: 'https://example.com/sitemap-products.xml',
      lastModified: new Date(),
    },
  ]
}

Sitemap Index (XML format)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
  <sitemap>
    <loc>https://example.com/sitemap-pages.xml</loc>
    <lastmod>2025-06-01T10:00:00+07:00</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  <sitemap>
    <loc>https://example.com/sitemap-articles.xml</loc>
    <lastmod>2025-06-10T14:30:00+07:00</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
  <sitemap>
    <loc>https://example.com/sitemap-products.xml</loc>
    <lastmod>2025-06-08T09:15:00+07:00</lastmod>
  </sitemap>
</sitemapindex>

Nuxt 4 Dynamic Sitemap Source

// server/api/__sitemap__/articles.ts
export default defineSitemapEventHandler(async () => {
  const articles = await fetchArticles()
  return articles.map(article => ({
    loc: `/blog/${article.slug}`,
    lastmod: article.updatedAt,
    changefreq: 'weekly',
    priority: 0.6,
  }))
})

8. Robots.txt

Best Practices

Must be at the root: https://example.com/robots.txt
Disallow admin, auth, API, internal, staging, and other non-public paths
Allow all public content: Allow: /
Point to sitemap(s): Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap.xml
Use Disallow: / only for non-production domains
Respect crawl budget: don't over-block or under-block
Use Crawl-delay for rate limiting (only supported by some crawlers)
Use noindex meta tag as supplement, not replacement for robots.txt

Standard robots.txt

User-agent: *
Allow: /

# Disallow admin, auth, and system paths
Disallow: /admin/
Disallow: /auth/
Disallow: /api/
Disallow: /_nuxt/
Disallow: /_next/static/chunks/
Disallow: /_next/static/development/
Disallow: /_next/static/webpack/
Disallow: /server/
Disallow: /temp/

# Disallow duplicate content patterns
Disallow: /*?sort=
Disallow: /*?page=
Disallow: /*?filter=
Disallow: /*/amp/

# Allow specific crawlable resources
Allow: /_next/static/css/
Allow: /_next/static/media/
Allow: /_nuxt/static/

# Crawl delay for polite crawlers
Crawl-delay: 5

# Sitemaps
Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap-articles.xml
Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap-products.xml

Nuxt 4 — Static robots.txt

// public/robots.txt
User-agent: *
Disallow: /admin/
Disallow: /auth/
Disallow: /api/
Disallow: /_nuxt/

Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap.xml

Nuxt 4 — Dynamic robots.txt with @nuxtjs/robots

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  modules: ['@nuxtjs/robots'],
  robots: {
    // Production: allow indexing
    allowNonIndexablePaths: false,
    // For staging/preview
    // disallowAll: true,
  },
})

Next.js 15 — Static robots.txt

// public/robots.txt
User-agent: *
Allow: /
Disallow: /admin/
Disallow: /auth/
Disallow: /api/

Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap.xml

Next.js 15 — Dynamic robots.ts

// app/robots.ts
import type { MetadataRoute } from 'next'

export default function robots(): MetadataRoute.Robots {
  const baseUrl = 'https://example.com'

  return {
    rules: [
      {
        userAgent: '*',
        allow: '/',
        disallow: ['/admin/', '/auth/', '/api/'],
      },
      {
        userAgent: 'GPTBot',
        disallow: '/',
      },
    ],
    sitemap: [
      `${baseUrl}/sitemap.xml`,
      `${baseUrl}/sitemap-articles.xml`,
      `${baseUrl}/sitemap-products.xml`,
    ],
  }
}

Crawler-Specific Rules

User-Agent	Crawler	Typical Behavior
`Googlebot`	Google Search	Indexes content, follows links
`Googlebot-Image`	Google Images	Indexes images
`Googlebot-News`	Google News	Indexes news articles
`Googlebot-Video`	Google Videos	Indexes videos
`Bingbot`	Bing Search	Indexes content
`Slurp`	Yahoo Search	Indexes content (outdated, Yahoo uses Bing)
`DuckDuckBot`	DuckDuckGo	Indexes content
`YandexBot`	Yandex Search	Indexes content
`Baiduspider`	Baidu Search	Indexes content
`GPTBot`	OpenAI	Scrapes for training data (often blocked)
`CCBot`	Common Crawl	Scrapes for dataset
`Applebot`	Apple	Indexes for Siri/Spotlight

9. Core Web Vitals Optimization

Overview

Metric	Full Name	Measures	Good	Needs Work	Poor
LCP	Largest Contentful Paint	Loading performance (perceived load speed)	≤2.5s	2.5s–4.0s	>4.0s
INP (replaced FID March 2024)	Interaction to Next Paint	Interactivity / responsiveness	≤200ms	200ms–500ms	>500ms
CLS	Cumulative Layout Shift	Visual stability / unexpected layout shifts	≤0.1	0.1–0.25	>0.25

9.1 LCP — Largest Contentful Paint (<2.5s)

Common LCP Elements

Element Type	Typical Cause	Solution
Hero image	Large unoptimized image	WebP/AVIF, responsive srcset, preload
Heading text	Web font loading	`font-display: swap`, preload fonts or fallback
Large image gallery	Multiple large images	Lazy load below-fold images, compress hero
Video poster	Large poster image	Optimize poster, preload
Background image	Heavy CSS background	Switch to `<img>` with preload

LCP Optimization Checklist

Preload LCP Image — Nuxt 4

useHead({
  link: [
    {
      rel: 'preload',
      as: 'image',
      href: 'https://cdn.example.com/images/hero.webp',
      fetchpriority: 'high',
    },
  ],
})

Preload LCP Image — Next.js

import Image from 'next/image'

// Image component with priority (Next.js auto-preloads)
<Image
  src="/hero.webp"
  alt="Hero"
  width={1200}
  height={630}
  priority
  fetchPriority="high"
/>

// Or preload in layout
export const metadata: Metadata = {
  other: {
    'link': '<link rel="preload" as="image" href="/hero.webp" fetchpriority="high">',
  },
}

Critical CSS Strategy

Nuxt 4 — Use @nuxtjs/critical or inline critical CSS manually:

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  modules: ['@nuxtjs/critical'],
  critical: {
    enabled: true,
    extract: true,
  },
})

Next.js 15 — Use critters via Next.js config:

// next.config.ts
import type { NextConfig } from 'next'

const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
  experimental: {
    optimizeCss: {
      cssProcessor: 'critters',
    },
  },
}

export default nextConfig

9.2 INP — Interaction to Next Paint (<200ms)

Common INP Issues

Issue	Cause	Solution
Long tasks (>50ms)	Heavy JS execution on main thread	Code splitting, web workers, idle callbacks
Slow event handlers	Complex DOM manipulation in handlers	Debounce/throttle, simplify handlers
Layout thrashing	Read/write DOM cycles causing forced reflow	Batch DOM reads before writes
Third-party script blocking	Analytics, chat, social widgets	Defer, lazy load, or self-host
Large DOM size	Complex component trees	Virtual scrolling, reduce components

INP Optimization Checklist

Web Worker Example

// workers/search.worker.ts
self.onmessage = (e: MessageEvent) => {
  const { data, query } = e.data
  const results = heavySearch(data, query)
  self.postMessage(results)
}

// Page usage
const worker = new Worker(new URL('../workers/search.worker.ts', import.meta.url))
worker.postMessage({ data: articleList, query: 'seo' })
worker.onmessage = (e) => {
  results.value = e.data
}

9.3 CLS — Cumulative Layout Shift (<0.1)

Common CLS Causes

Cause	Example	Solution
Images without dimensions	`<img>` with no width/height	Set explicit `width` & `height` + `aspect-ratio`
Ad injects	Dynamic ad insertion	Reserve ad slot space, set min-height
Web font swap	FOIT (Flash of Invisible Text) → visible	`font-display: swap`
Dynamic content	Cookie banners, popups inserted above flow	Reserve space or position fixed
Third-party embeds	YouTube, Twitter, maps loading late	Set min-height container
Lazy-loaded images	Images load and push content down	Use `aspect-ratio` CSS property

CLS Optimization Checklist

Always set width and height attributes on <img> and <video>
Use CSS aspect-ratio property for responsive media containers
Set font-display: swap for all @font-face declarations
Reserve space for ads and embeds (min-height containers)
Avoid inserting content above existing visible content
Use position: fixed or position: absolute for overlays (cookie banners, popups)
Pre-specify dimensions for object-fit: cover images
Transform animations: prefer transform and opacity over layout-triggering properties
Use size-adjust for @font-face fallback to reduce layout shift

CSS aspect-ratio for Images

/* Modern approach */
img, video {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: attr(width) / attr(height);
}

/* Or explicit */
.hero-image {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
}

/* Nuxt/Next component approach */
.image-container {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1200 / 630;
}

Nuxt 4 with aspect-ratio

<template>
  <img
    :src="image.src"
    :width="image.width"
    :height="image.height"
    :alt="image.alt"
    loading="lazy"
    decoding="async"
    style="max-width: 100%; height: auto; aspect-ratio: auto;"
    :style="{ aspectRatio: `${image.width} / ${image.height}` }"
  />
</template>

Next.js Image Component (Built-in CLS Prevention)

import Image from 'next/image'

// Next.js Image automatically sets width/height + prevents CLS
<Image
  src="/hero.jpg"
  alt="Hero image"
  width={1200}
  height={630}
  priority
  sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 1200px"
/>

Nuxt 4 Specific CWV Optimizations

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  // SSR for indexable content
  ssr: true,

  // Reduce JS bundle
  nitro: {
    minify: true,
    compressPublicAssets: true,
  },

  // Route-based code splitting (default)

  // Critical CSS
  experimental: {
    inlineSSRStyles: true,
  },

  // Image optimization
  image: {
    format: ['webp', 'avif'],
    screens: {
      xs: 320,
      sm: 640,
      md: 768,
      lg: 1024,
      xl: 1280,
      xxl: 1536,
    },
  },

  // Preload links
  app: {
    head: {
      link: [
        { rel: 'preconnect', href: 'https://fonts.googleapis.com' },
        { rel: 'preconnect', href: 'https://cdn.example.com', crossorigin: '' },
      ],
    },
  },
})

Next.js 15 Specific CWV Optimizations

// next.config.ts
import type { NextConfig } from 'next'

const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
  // Enable experimental optimizations
  experimental: {
    optimizePackageImports: ['lucide-react', '@radix-ui/react-icons'],
    optimizeCss: true,
    webpackBuildWorker: true,
  },

  // Image optimization
  images: {
    formats: ['image/avif', 'image/webp'],
    deviceSizes: [640, 768, 1024, 1280, 1536],
    remotePatterns: [
      { protocol: 'https', hostname: 'cdn.example.com' },
    ],
  },

  // Compression
  compress: true,

  // Enable React Server Components (default)
  // Partial Prerendering (experimental)
  experimental: {
    ppr: true,
  },
}

export default nextConfig

Monitoring CWV

Tool	Purpose	URL
Google PageSpeed Insights	Lab + field data for any URL	`https://pagespeed.web.dev/`
Lighthouse (Chrome DevTools)	Lab data, actionable recommendations	Chrome DevTools → Lighthouse
Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX)	Real-user field data (anonymous)	BigQuery / CrUX API
Search Console — Core Web Vitals	Field data aggregated by URL group	Google Search Console
web-vitals JavaScript library	Real-user monitoring (RUM)	`npm install web-vitals`
Sentry / Datadog / New Relic	Integrated RUM with error tracking	Respective dashboards

RUM with web-vitals Library

// Nuxt 4 plugin
// plugins/web-vitals.client.ts
export default defineNuxtPlugin(() => {
  import('web-vitals').then(({ onLCP, onINP, onCLS }) => {
    const sendToAnalytics = (metric: any) => {
      const body = JSON.stringify({
        name: metric.name,
        value: metric.value,
        rating: metric.rating,
        delta: metric.delta,
        id: metric.id,
        url: window.location.href,
        userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
      })
      // Send to analytics endpoint
      navigator.sendBeacon('/api/vitals', body)
    }

    onLCP(sendToAnalytics)
    onINP(sendToAnalytics)
    onCLS(sendToAnalytics)
  })
})

10. SSR/SSG for SEO

Rendering Strategy Overview

Strategy	SEO	Performance	Use Case
SSR (Server-Side Rendering)	✅ Excellent — full HTML to crawlers	Higher TTFB, lower FCP/LCP	Indexed content, dynamic pages
SSG (Static Site Generation)	✅ Excellent — pre-rendered HTML	Fastest possible	Blog, docs, landing pages
ISR (Incremental Static Regeneration)	✅ Excellent — like SSG with updates	Near SSG speed	Large sites with periodic updates
SPA (Client-Side Rendering)	❌ Poor — crawlers may not execute JS	Fast after JS loads	Apps behind login
RSC (React Server Components)	✅ Good — hybrid approach	Depends on composition	Modern Next.js apps

When to Use Each Strategy

Content Type	Recommended Strategy	Rationale
Blog posts	SSG (Nuxt generate / Next.js static export)	Content changes infrequently, fastest delivery
Product pages	ISR (revalidate every hour/day)	Dynamic pricing/stock, but needs indexing
Category/Listing	SSR or ISR	Changes often, but must be indexable
Homepage	SSG or ISR (revalidate 5–15 min)	Key page, needs fast delivery + freshness
Admin/Dashboard	SPA-only (noindex)	Behind auth, no SEO needed
Landing pages	SSG	Static, campaign-specific
News articles	SSR (with CDN caching)	Needs immediate indexing + frequent updates
User profiles	SSR (with CDN)	Dynamic but needs indexing (if public)
Search results	SSR (noindex)	Need for user, but avoid duplicate content

Nuxt 4 — Hybrid Rendering

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  // Default: SSR for all routes
  ssr: true,

  // Or hybrid: per-route configuration
  routeRules: {
    // Homepage — static generation
    '/': { prerender: true },
    // Blog posts — static generation
    '/blog/**': { prerender: true },
    // Product pages — ISR, revalidate hourly
    '/products/**': { swr: 3600 },
    // Admin — client-side only
    '/admin/**': { ssr: false },
    // Dynamic pages — SSR with CDN caching
    '/news/**': { swr: 300 },
  },
})

Next.js 15 — Dynamic/Static Configuration

// Static page
// app/about/page.tsx
export const dynamic = 'force-static'

// Revalidating page (ISR)
// app/products/[id]/page.tsx
export const revalidate = 3600 // seconds

// Dynamic page
// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'

// Static export configuration
// next.config.ts
const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
  output: 'export', // Static HTML export
}

SSR Best Practices for SEO

Ensure crawlers receive fully rendered HTML (test with Google's URL Inspection Tool)
Do NOT lazy-load critical above-the-fold content (headings, meta, main content)
Use streaming SSR for faster TTFB (response head sent early)
Configure CDN caching for SSR responses (Cache-Control: public, s-maxage=...)
Avoid rendering JavaScript-only content that crawlers can't see
Use robots meta tag to prevent indexing of non-public/non-SSR pages
Implement proper 301 redirects on the server side (not client-side JavaScript redirects)
Ensure status codes are correct (200 for content, 404 for missing, 301 for moved)

Testing SSR Output

# Check if HTML content is rendered server-side (look for actual page content)
curl -H "User-Agent: Googlebot" https://example.com/page | head -100

# Or use the browser: View page source (Cmd+U on Mac) to see raw HTML from server
# Content should include title, meta tags, heading text, main body text

11. Google Search Console Verification

Verification Methods

Method	Difficulty	Persistence	Notes
DNS TXT record	Easy	Permanent (until removed)	Preferred — survives redeploy
HTML file upload	Easy	Survives until file removed	Works for static hosting
HTML tag	Easy	Survives in head	Must be in layout/head
Google Analytics	Easy	Via GA property	Requires GA tracking code
Google Tag Manager	Easy	Via GTM container	Requires GTM snippet
Domain name provider	Easy	DNS-level	Recommended for domain property

Meta Tag Verification (Recommended for Apps)

Nuxt 4:

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  app: {
    head: {
      meta: [
        { name: 'google-site-verification', content: process.env.GOOGLE_VERIFICATION_CODE },
      ],
    },
  },
})

// Or per-environment
runtimeConfig: {
  public: {
    googleVerificationCode: process.env.GOOGLE_VERIFICATION_CODE,
  },
}

Next.js 15:

// app/layout.tsx
export const metadata: Metadata = {
  verification: {
    google: 'GOOGLE_VERIFICATION_CODE',
    yandex: 'YANDEX_VERIFICATION_CODE',
    yahoo: 'YAHOO_VERIFICATION_CODE',
    bing: 'BING_VERIFICATION_CODE',
  },
}

Recommended Reports to Monitor

Report	What to Look For	Action Frequency
Performance	Impressions, clicks, CTR, avg position	Weekly
URL Inspection	Indexing issues, canonical mismatches	Per new page / when fixing
Index Coverage	Pages indexed vs excluded, errors	Weekly
Sitemaps	Submitted vs indexed URLs	After sitemap updates
Core Web Vitals	LCP, INP, CLS field data	Monthly
Mobile Usability	Mobile-specific issues	Monthly
Manual Actions	Penalties from Google	Check after algorithm updates
Security Issues	Hacked content, malware	As notified
Links > Top Linked Pages	Authority flow, internal/external	Monthly
Removals	Temporarily remove pages	As needed

Search Console Integration — Owner Verification Flow

Add your site property in Google Search Console
Choose verification method (recommended: DNS TXT or meta tag)
Implement verification token in code
Click "Verify" in Search Console
Submit sitemap URL
Request indexing for key pages
Set preferred domain (www vs non-www)
Configure international targeting (if multilingual)

12. SEO Audit Checklist

12.1 Technical SEO Audit

Indexing & Crawlability

Meta Tags

Every page has a unique <title> (under 60 chars, keyword near front)
Every page has a unique <meta name="description"> (150–160 chars)
Canonical URL is set on every page (self-referencing for canonical version)
robots meta tag is correct per page (index/follow or noindex/nofollow)
Open Graph tags present on all shareable pages
Twitter Card tags present on all shareable pages
OG image is ≥1200×630px, valid, accessible
No duplicate meta titles or descriptions across pages

Structured Data

Organization schema on homepage
BreadcrumbList schema on content pages
Article/BlogPosting schema on blog content pages
Product schema on product pages (with valid offer, price, availability)
FAQ schema on FAQ pages (validated, one per page)
All schemas pass Google Rich Results Test
No invalid or missing required schema properties
No duplicate same-type schemas on single page
Schema @id references are consistent and resolvable

Core Web Vitals

URL Structure

URLs are lowercase, hyphen-separated
URLs are short, descriptive, include primary keyword
Trailing slash usage is consistent (all with or all without)
No dynamic parameters in canonical URLs
No session IDs or tracking in URLs (use cookies instead)
301 redirects for all old/changed URLs
WWW vs non-www resolved with 301 redirect
HTTP → HTTPS redirect is in place (301, permanent)

Internationalization (hreflang)

hreflang tags present on all multilingual pages
hreflang is bidirectional (page A links to B and B links to A)
x-default fallback is set
hreflang tags in sitemap match head tags
hreflang values use correct ISO codes

12.2 On-Page SEO Audit

Content Quality

Images

All images have descriptive alt attributes
Images are compressed (WebP/AVIF preferred)
Images have explicit dimensions (width + height or aspect-ratio)
Lazy loading for below-the-fold images (loading="lazy")
LCP hero image uses fetchpriority="high"
No oversized images (max 200KB per image ideally)
Image filenames are descriptive (e.g., seo-best-practices.jpg)

12.3 Performance & Mobile Audit

12.4 Security Audit

HTTPS enabled with valid SSL certificate
No mixed content (HTTP resources on HTTPS pages)
X-Robots-Tag headers correct for non-HTML files (PDFs, images)
X-Frame-Options set (to prevent clickjacking)
No security warnings in Search Console

12.5 Tools for SEO Audit

Tool	Purpose	URL
Google Search Console	Indexing, performance, CWV, manual actions	https://search.google.com/search-console
Google PageSpeed Insights	CWV lab + field data	https://pagespeed.web.dev/
Google Rich Results Test	Validate structured data	https://search.google.com/test/rich-results
Google URL Inspection Tool	Check individual URL indexing	https://search.google.com/search-console/inspect
Lighthouse (Chrome)	Full audit (performance, SEO, a11y)	Chrome DevTools → Lighthouse
Ahrefs Webmaster Tools	Backlinks, organic keywords, site audit	https://ahrefs.com/webmaster-tools
Screaming Frog SEO Spider	Crawl entire site for technical issues	https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/
W3C Validator	Validate HTML markup	https://validator.w3.org/
Schema.org Validator	Validate structured data schemas	https://validator.schema.org/
Bing Webmaster Tools	Bing/Yahoo indexing, sitemap submission	https://www.bing.com/webmasters/
GTmetrix	Performance analysis with detailed waterfall	https://gtmetrix.com/
WebPageTest	Advanced performance testing (multi-location)	https://www.webpagetest.org/
SEO Site Checkup	Automated SEO audit	https://seositecheckup.com/
SE Ranking	Competitive analysis, keyword tracking	https://seranking.com/

12.6 Audit Frequency Recommendation

Audit Type	Frequency	Depth
Technical SEO	Monthly	Deep crawl, index coverage, sitemap
Core Web Vitals	Weekly (if actively optimizing) / Monthly	Field data + lab tests
On-Page SEO	Per new page / Quarterly	Content, meta tags, headings
Structured Data	Per new template / Quarterly	Validate all schemas
Backlink Profile	Monthly	Ahrefs/Google Search Console
Competitor Analysis	Quarterly	Keyword gaps, content strategy
Mobile Usability	Monthly	Mobile-specific issues
Security	Monthly	SSL, mixed content, headers
Full SEO Audit	Quarterly (for active sites) / Bi-annually	Complete checklist above

Appendix: Quick Reference Card

Nuxt 4 SEO Quick Commands

# Install SEO modules
npm install @nuxtjs/sitemap @nuxtjs/robots @nuxt/image

# nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  modules: ['@nuxtjs/sitemap', '@nuxtjs/robots', '@nuxt/image'],
  sitemap: { hostname: 'https://example.com' },
  robots: { allowNonIndexablePaths: false },
  image: { format: ['webp', 'avif'] },
})

Next.js 15 SEO Quick Commands

# No extra installs needed (built-in)
# next.config.ts — basic SEO config
const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
  images: { formats: ['image/avif', 'image/webp'] },
  compress: true,
}

Required Checks Before Launch

robots.txt and sitemap.xml accessible
Google Search Console verified
Canonical URLs on every page
No duplicate meta titles
PageSpeed Insights ≥ 90
Structured data validates in Rich Results Test
HTTPS enforced (301 redirect)
All 404s resolve to custom 404 page (not 200)
Hreflang tags correct (if multilingual)
Open Graph preview works (https://opengraph.dev/)

seo-optimization

More from this repository

More from this repository

SEO Optimization

Table of Contents

1. Meta Tags — useHead / useSeoMeta (Nuxt 4)

useSeoMeta (Recommended — reactive)

useHead (Advanced — full control)

Nuxt Config Defaults

Composable for Reusable SEO

Per-Page Usage

2. Meta Tags — generateMetadata (Next.js 15)

Static Metadata (Pages without dynamic data)

Dynamic Metadata (Data-driven pages)

Metadata Root Layout

JSON-LD via Script Tag in Next.js

3. Open Graph & Twitter Cards

Standard Open Graph Tags

Standard Twitter Card Tags

Nuxt 4 Default OG Image Composable

4. JSON-LD Structured Data

General Rules

Organization Schema

Article Schema

Product Schema

FAQ Schema

BreadcrumbList Schema

LocalBusiness Schema

Schema Placement Strategy

WebSite with SearchAction Schema

VideoObject Schema

5. Canonical URLs

Best Practices

Nuxt 4

Next.js 15

Canonical URL Rules Matrix

6. Hreflang Tags

Rules

Example — Three-Language Setup

Nuxt 4 — useHead

Next.js 15 — generateMetadata

Sitemap-Based Hreflang

7. Sitemap.xml

Structure Guidelines

Change Frequency Reference

Priority Reference

Nuxt 4 Sitemap Configuration

Next.js 15 Sitemap

Sitemap Index (Next.js)

Sitemap Index (XML format)

Nuxt 4 Dynamic Sitemap Source

8. Robots.txt

Best Practices

Standard robots.txt

Nuxt 4 — Static robots.txt

Nuxt 4 — Dynamic robots.txt with @nuxtjs/robots

Next.js 15 — Static robots.txt

Next.js 15 — Dynamic robots.ts

Crawler-Specific Rules

9. Core Web Vitals Optimization

Overview

9.1 LCP — Largest Contentful Paint (<2.5s)

Common LCP Elements

LCP Optimization Checklist

Preload LCP Image — Nuxt 4

Preload LCP Image — Next.js

Critical CSS Strategy

9.2 INP — Interaction to Next Paint (<200ms)

Common INP Issues

INP Optimization Checklist

Web Worker Example

9.3 CLS — Cumulative Layout Shift (<0.1)

Common CLS Causes

CLS Optimization Checklist

CSS aspect-ratio for Images

Nuxt 4 with aspect-ratio

Next.js Image Component (Built-in CLS Prevention)

Nuxt 4 Specific CWV Optimizations

Next.js 15 Specific CWV Optimizations

Monitoring CWV