| name | agp-9-upgrade |
| description | Upgrades, or migrates, an Android project to use Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) version 9. Do not use this skill for migrating Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP) projects. |
| license | Complete terms in LICENSE.txt |
| metadata | {"author":"Google LLC","last-updated":"2026-04-17","keywords":["Android Gradle Plugin 9","AGP 9","AGP Upgrade","AGP Migration","New AGP DSL","Migrate to built-in Kotlin"]} |
Migration guide
See the AGP 9 migration guide for the major changes, many
breaking, in AGP 9 compared to AGP 8.
Requirements
If the user requests to update or migrate to AGP 9, first check the AGP version
used in the project. If it is lower than 9, stop and ask the user to run the AGP
Upgrade Assistant in Android Studio to update to the latest stable version of
AGP, and confirm when done. The user may also request that this requirement be
skipped; if this is the case, you should update the version of AGP to the latest
stable version as part of the AGP 9 migration. See the
AGP 9 migration guide for how to do this.
Each version of AGP has its own set of compatibilities with other tools, such as
Gradle, JDK, and Kotlin. The release notes for each of these versions will
include a Compatibility table indicating the minimum versions for these
tools.
Do not use this skill for KMP projects, as they are unsupported.
Steps
If AGP is already at 9 or higher, then do the following:
Step 1: Update dependencies
If KSP (com.google.devtools.ksp) is used in the project, ensure it is on
version 2.3.6 or higher.
If Hilt is used in the project, ensure it is on version 2.59.2 or higher.
Step 2: Migrate to built-in Kotlin
See the guide for detailed information.
Step 3. Migrate to the new AGP DSL
See the guide for detailed information.
See also gradle-recipes for examples on how to migrate old code to code
that is compatible with AGP 9 and the new DSL.
Step 4. Migrate kapt to KSP or legacy-kapt
If KSP (com.google.devtools.ksp) or kapt (org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt) are
used in the project, see KSP, kapt, and legacy-kapt for detailed migration
steps.
Step 5. BuildConfig
If any Android module contains custom BuildConfig fields, see BuildConfig
for detailed information.
Step 6. Update gradle.properties
After the migration, check gradle.properties. Remove the following flags:
- android.builtInKotlin
- android.newDsl
- android.uniquePackageNames
- android.enableAppCompileTimeRClass
Additionally, delete all temporary files you've created.
Guidelines
- Never write or run python scripts.
- Only search the Gradle dependency cache when inspecting external dependencies, and only as a last resort.
- Never add
android.disallowKotlinSourceSets=false to gradle.properties.
- When verifying changes, don't run the
clean task. This is a waste of time.
Verification
After migration, verify the following:
- Gradle IDE sync succeeds.
./gradlew help succeeds../gradlew build --dry-run succeeds.
Troubleshooting
Paparazzi v2.0.0-alpha04 and lower versions have issues with AGP 9. See
references/paparazzi-gradle-9.md for details.
