invowk-schema

name	invowk-schema
description	Schema guidelines for invowkfile.cue, invowkmod.cue, pkg/invowkfile/invowkfile_schema.cue, pkg/invowkmod/invowkmod_schema.cue, root invowkfile.cue examples, samples/invowkmods/**/*.cue, command structures, script sources/interpreters, dependency declarations, cross-platform runtime examples, capability checks, and environment variables.

Invowk Schema Guidelines

Invowkfile Examples

Built-in Examples (invowkfile.cue at project root)

• Always update the example file when invowkfile definitions or features are added, modified, or removed.
• All commands should be idempotent and not cause any side effects on the host.
• No commands should be related to building invowk itself or manipulating any of its source code.
• Examples should range from simple (e.g., native "hello-world") to complex (e.g., container "hello-world" with enable_host_ssh).
• Examples should cover different features, such as:
  • Native vs. container execution.
  • Volume mounts for container execution.
  • Environment variables.
  • Host SSH access enabled vs. disabled.
  • Capabilities checks (with and without alternatives).
  • Tools checks (with and without alternatives).
  • Custom checks (with and without alternatives).
  • Runtime-level depends_on (container only — validated inside the container environment, not on host).
• Module metadata does not belong in invowkfile examples; it lives in invowkmod.cue for modules.

Runtime-Level depends_on Pattern (Container Only)

depends_on can be placed inside a container runtime block to validate against the container's own environment (not the host). This is distinct from root/command/implementation-level depends_on, which always validates against the host system. Runtime-level depends_on is only available for the container runtime — native, virtual-sh, and virtual-lua runtimes do not support it (CUE schema rejects it at parse time).

runtimes: [{
    name: "container"
    image: "debian:stable-slim"
    // Validated INSIDE the container
    depends_on: {
        tools: [{alternatives: ["python3"]}]
    }
}]
// Validated on the HOST
depends_on: {
    tools: [{alternatives: ["docker"]}]
}

Script Source And Interpreter Contract

• Put interpreter on script, not on runtime config. The schema attaches it to the shared script source contract.
• Virtual-sh accepts shell-compatible interpreters only; non-shell interpreters belong on native/container implementations or virtual-lua where appropriate.
• Keep inline script.content, file-backed script sources, and interpreter validation in sync across schema, root examples, docs, and txtar fixtures.

Command Dependency Scope

depends_on.cmds supports bare local command refs and source-qualified refs such as @source command. Validation checks both discoverability and scope: module commands can reference the same module, globally installed modules, or direct dependencies whose identity/source agree with the lock data. It is a static declaration check, not a runtime subprocess interceptor.

Command Structure Validation

Leaf-Only Args Constraint

Commands with positional arguments (args) cannot have subcommands. This is enforced during command discovery and module validation.

Why: CLI parsers interpret positional arguments after a command name as potential subcommand names. If deploy has both args: [{name: "env"}] and a subcommand deploy staging, running invowk cmd deploy prod is ambiguous—is prod an argument or a subcommand name?

Valid:

// Leaf command with args (no subcommands)
cmds: [
    {name: "deploy", args: [{name: "env"}], ...}
]

// Parent command with subcommands (no args on parent)
cmds: [
    {name: "deploy"},           // No args here
    {name: "deploy staging"},   // Subcommand
    {name: "deploy prod"},      // Subcommand
]

Invalid:

cmds: [
    {name: "deploy", args: [{name: "env"}], ...},  // Has args
    {name: "deploy staging", ...}                   // Is a subcommand of deploy
]
// Error: command 'deploy' has both args and subcommands

This validation runs:

1. During invowk cmd execution (command discovery)
2. During invowk validate <module-path>

Cross-Platform Runtime Selection

Bash scripts with native+virtual-sh runtimes must use platform-specific implementations.

The problem: The native runtime on Windows uses PowerShell (or cmd), which cannot parse bash syntax. When a command declares runtimes: [{name: "native"}, {name: "virtual-sh"}], the first runtime (native) becomes the default. This causes bash scripts to fail on Windows with PowerShell parser errors.

The solution: Split implementations by platform:

• Linux/macOS: Use runtimes: [{name: "native"}, {name: "virtual-sh"}] with platforms: [{name: "linux"}, {name: "macos"}]
• Windows: Use runtimes: [{name: "virtual-sh"}] with platforms: [{name: "windows"}] (virtual-sh uses mvdan/sh, a cross-platform POSIX shell)

Valid (platform-specific implementations):

implementations: [
    {
        script: {content: """
            echo "Hello from bash"
            if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
                cat /etc/os-release
            fi
            """}
        runtimes:  [{name: "native"}, {name: "virtual-sh"}]
        platforms: [{name: "linux"}, {name: "macos"}]
    },
    {
        script: {content: """
            echo "Hello from bash"
            if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
                cat /etc/os-release
            fi
            """}
        runtimes:  [{name: "virtual-sh"}]
        platforms: [{name: "windows"}]
    },
]

Invalid (bash script without platform restriction):

implementations: [
    {
        script: {content: """
            echo "Hello from bash"
            if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
                cat /etc/os-release
            fi
            """}
        runtimes: [{name: "native"}, {name: "virtual-sh"}]
        // Missing platforms restriction - will fail on Windows!
    },
]

When to apply this pattern:

• Any command with bash/POSIX shell scripts
• That declares both native and virtual-sh runtimes
• And should work on Windows

Exceptions (no split needed):

• Commands with runtimes: [{name: "virtual-sh"}] only (already cross-platform)
• Commands with runtimes: [{name: "native"}] only and platforms: [{name: "linux"}, {name: "macos"}] (Linux/macOS only)
• Commands with PowerShell scripts intended for Windows

Native-only platform-split pattern (for testing):

When writing native runtime mirror tests (native_*.txtar), use native-only implementations without a virtual fallback:

implementations: [
    {
        script: {content: """
            echo "Hello from native shell"
            echo "VAR=$MY_VAR"
            """}
        runtimes:  [{name: "native"}]
        platforms: [{name: "linux"}, {name: "macos"}]
    },
    {
        script: {content: """
            Write-Output "Hello from native shell"
            Write-Output "VAR=$($env:MY_VAR)"
            """}
        runtimes:  [{name: "native"}]
        platforms: [{name: "windows"}]
    },
]

When to use native-only vs native+virtual-sh:

• Native-only (runtimes: [{name: "native"}]): For test files that specifically validate native shell behavior on each platform. Used in native_*.txtar mirror tests.
• Native+virtual-sh (runtimes: [{name: "native"}, {name: "virtual-sh"}]): For production commands that prefer native shell but also allow the embedded shell. Requires the standard platform-split pattern (see above) to avoid PowerShell parsing bash syntax on Windows.

Invowkmod Modules

Samples (samples/invowkmods/ directory)

The samples/invowkmods/ directory contains sample modules that serve as reference implementations, validation tests, and audit fixtures.

• A module is a .invowkmod directory containing required invowkmod.cue metadata. invowkfile.cue is optional for library-only modules and contains command definitions plus invowkfile-scoped root settings, but no module metadata.
• The invowkmod schema lives in pkg/invowkmod/invowkmod_schema.cue and the invowkfile schema in pkg/invowkfile/invowkfile_schema.cue.
• Always update sample modules when the invowkmod schema, validation rules, or module behavior changes.
• Modules should demonstrate module-specific features (script file references, cross-platform paths, requirements).
• After module-related changes, run validation against safe samples: go run . validate samples/invowkmods/io.invowk.sample.invowkmod.
• Intentionally unsafe audit fixtures under samples/invowkmods/com.example.audit.*.invowkmod should be verified with invowk audit, not normal validation.

Current Sample Modules

Read samples/invowkmods/README.md and refresh the live inventory with:

find samples/invowkmods -maxdepth 1 -type d -name '*.invowkmod' | sort

Module Validation Checklist

When modifying module-related code, verify:

1. Safe modules in samples/invowkmods/ pass validation: go run . validate samples/invowkmods/io.invowk.sample.invowkmod.
2. Module naming conventions and module ID matching are enforced.
3. invowkmod.cue is required and parsed; optional invowkfile.cue contains commands and invowkfile-scoped root settings, not module metadata.
4. Script path resolution works correctly (forward slashes, relative paths).
5. Nested module detection works correctly.
6. The pkg/invowkmod/ tests pass: go test -v ./pkg/invowkmod/....

When modifying invowkfile schema or root examples, also run:

go run . validate ./invowkfile.cue
go test -v ./pkg/invowkfile/...

When behavior changes reach CLI fixtures, run the relevant tests/cli txtar selection or make test-cli.

Common Pitfalls

Pitfall	Symptom	Fix
Stale sample modules	Validation fails after schema changes	Update safe samples in samples/invowkmods/ after module-related changes
Missing platform restrictions	Bash scripts fail on Windows	Add platform-specific implementations for native+virtual-sh runtimes
Args with subcommands	Discovery validation error	Commands with positional args cannot have subcommands

For path handling in implementations, see .agents/rules/windows.md.