landscape

name	landscape
display_name	Landscape Terrain
description	Create and edit landscape terrain — heightmaps, sculpting, paint layers, terrain analysis, mesh projection, and procedural features like mountains/valleys/craters (LandscapeService). Use when the user asks to create a landscape, sculpt/raise/lower terrain, import or export a heightmap, paint terrain layers, or add procedural terrain features. For terrain materials load landscape-materials; for real-world heightmaps load terrain-data.
vibeue_classes	["LandscapeService"]
unreal_classes	["Landscape","LandscapeProxy","LandscapeInfo","LandscapeLayerInfoObject","LandscapeGrassType","GrassVariety"]
keywords	["landscape","terrain","heightmap","sculpt","paint","layer","topography","grass","grass type","LGT","foliage","vegetation","mountain","valley","ridge","plateau","crater","terrace","erosion","slope","terrain analysis","mesh projection","line trace","flat area","blend terrain","procedural terrain"]

🧠 Brains complement: IF an unreal-engine-skills-manager tool (external MCP) exists in this session, call it with {action: "load", skill: "landscape-and-foliage"} for UE domain knowledge on this topic — correct APIs, architecture, best practices — and treat it as the rubric for any review / "best practices" question. If no such tool is available (e.g. running under Claude Code or Codex without that MCP), skip this line entirely and proceed with this skill alone — do NOT attempt the call.

Landscape Terrain Skill

Sub-docs available

This skill is split into the lean index (you are reading it) plus sibling sub-docs. Skills load via the engine's AgentSkillToolset (ListSkills / GetSkills) — request landscape/<section> through GetSkills, or read the sibling *.md file (it sits next to this SKILL.md on disk) directly:

Sub-doc	When to load
return-types.md	Exact property names of LandscapeCreateResult, LandscapeInfo_Custom, LandscapeLayerInfo_Custom, LandscapeSplinePointInfo, LandscapeSplineSegmentInfo, LandscapeSplineMeshEntryInfo, plus the create_landscape signature.
workflows-creation.md	Creating landscapes, getting info, importing/exporting heightmaps, recreating splines, copying terrain/paint layers between landscapes, calculating side-by-side offsets, reading height data in a region.
workflows-editing.md	Sculpting, direct region editing, procedural noise, painting layers, setting material, querying terrain, LandscapeGrassType creation/cloning, full landscape cloning, existence checks, heightmap sizing utilities.
intelligent-sculpting.md	v3 semantic features (mountain/valley/ridge/plateau/crater/terraces/erosion/blend), terrain analysis (slope/normal/flat areas), mesh projection, batch line traces, complete v3 workflow example.

Critical Rules

Valid Quad Sizes

QuadsPerSection must be one of: 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255 SectionsPerComponent must be 1 or 2

Common setup: QuadsPerSection=63, SectionsPerComponent=1, ComponentCount=8x8

⚠️ Performance: Landscape Creation Timeout

Creating landscapes with many components is SLOW. Python execution has a 30-second timeout.

Safe configurations (under 30s):

• ComponentCount=4x4 (253x253 resolution) — safe for throwaway/test terrains
• ComponentCount=8x8 (505x505 resolution) — can exceed 30s in a populated level (measured 67s in a level that already had another landscape); safe only in near-empty levels

Will TIMEOUT (avoid):

• ComponentCount=16x16 or larger in a populated level
• ComponentCount=36x36 or larger — too many components, takes minutes
• ComponentCount=72x72 — definitely exceeds timeout

⚠️ A timeout does NOT cancel the operation. PYTHON_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT means the tool stopped waiting — the create keeps running on the game thread and usually completes. Never blindly retry: you'd stack a second landscape with the same label (then delete_landscape removes only the first match and landscape_exists stays true, which looks like a delete failure). After a timeout, check landscape_exists(label) first. create_landscape also refuses to create a landscape whose label already exists.

⚠️ Heightmap Import: Resolution MUST Exactly Match

import_heightmap() requires the heightmap file resolution to exactly match the landscape resolution. There is NO automatic scaling. A size mismatch will fail or produce flat/corrupt terrain.

If the target landscape label does not exist, import_heightmap() now auto-creates a matching landscape at world origin with default scale (100,100,100) before importing. For real-world terrain workflows, explicitly creating the landscape first is still recommended so you can control XY/Z scale.

Landscape resolution formula: Resolution = (ComponentCount × QuadsPerSection × SectionsPerComponent) + 1

Safe performant configs (common resolutions):

Components	Quads	Sections	Resolution	km at scale=100	Notes
8×8	63	1	505×505	~0.5 km	Fast, good for prototypes
8×8	63	2	1009×1009	~1.0 km	Good balance of detail/speed
16×16	63	1	1009×1009	~1.0 km	Same resolution, more LOD components
8×8	127	1	1017×1017	~1.0 km	Larger quads, fewer components
16×16	63	2	2017×2017	~2.0 km	Epic recommended for medium landscapes
32×32	63	1	2017×2017	~2.0 km	Same resolution, more LOD components
8×8	127	2	2033×2033	~2.0 km	High detail, fewer components
16×16	127	1	2033×2033	~2.0 km	High detail, more components
32×32	63	2	4033×4033	~4.0 km	Large open world
32×32	127	2	8129×8129	~8.1 km	Max single tile

⚠️ 1081×1081 is NOT a valid performant config! The only config producing 1081 is 36×36 components, 15 quads, 2 sections — which has 1296 components and will timeout. Never request or assume 1081.

Heightmap ↔ Landscape Sizing Utilities

Four Python utility functions help match heightmaps to landscapes:

Function	Purpose
get_heightmap_dimensions(file_path)	Read width/height/bitdepth of a PNG or RAW heightmap file
resize_heightmap(source, width, height, output)	Bilinear resample a 16-bit heightmap to new dimensions
calculate_landscape_resolution(cx, cy, quads, sections)	Compute resolution from landscape config parameters
find_landscape_config_for_resolution(width, height)	Find the best landscape config that matches a given resolution

✅ Recommended Workflow: Request Matching Resolution

BEST approach — request the heightmap at the exact resolution you need:

1. Decide landscape config (e.g., 8×8 components, 63 quads, 2 sections)
2. Calculate resolution: (8 × 63 × 2) + 1 = 1009
3. Use terrain_data generate_heightmap with resolution=1009 and map_size=N
   • map_size controls how many real-world km are captured (default 17.28)
   • Smaller map_size = more detail for a specific feature (e.g., 2-5 km for a single mountain)
   • Larger map_size = wider area with less per-pixel detail (e.g., 10-20 km for a region)
4. Create landscape with matching config
5. Import heightmap — sizes match perfectly

✅ Fallback Workflow: Resize After Download

If you already have a heightmap at a non-matching resolution:

1. Check dimensions: get_heightmap_dimensions(file_path)
2. Either:
   • Find a landscape config that matches: find_landscape_config_for_resolution(width, height)
   • Or resize the heightmap to match your landscape: resize_heightmap(source, target_w, target_h)
3. Create landscape / import resized heightmap

Landscape Scale

• Default scale (100, 100, 100) = 1 meter per unit
• Larger Z scale = taller terrain range (e.g., Z=200 doubles height range)

⚠️ When importing real-world terrain from terrain_data, ALWAYS calculate Z scale:

z_scale = 20000 / height_scale

Do NOT hardcode Z scale. The height_scale from preview_elevation determines the correct Z scale.

Height Limits (uint16 Saturation)

The heightmap is uint16 (0–65535, midpoint 32768). Maximum world height depends on Z scale:

Z Scale	Max Height (world units)	Min Height (world units)	Total Range
100	~25,599	~-25,600	~51,200
200	~51,198	~-51,200	~102,400
50	~12,800	~-12,800	~25,600

Formula: MaxHeight = (65535 - 32768) × (1/128) × ZScale

When sculpting pushes vertices to 0 or 65535, a saturation warning is logged. To increase range:

• Increase landscape Z scale (halves vertical resolution)
• Offset landscape Z location downward to use the full ±range

World Coordinates vs Landscape Coordinates

• Most methods accept world coordinates (WorldX, WorldY)
• get_height_in_region and set_height_in_region use landscape-local vertex indices
• Heights in set_height_in_region are world-space Z values
• Heights returned by get_height_in_region are world-space Z values

⚠️ GrassVariety Struct Properties Are Read-Only via Direct Assignment

GrassVariety (and its nested structs like PerPlatformFloat, FloatInterval, etc.) cannot be set via direct attribute assignment. You MUST use set_editor_property() for all properties.

# WRONG - raises "Property is read-only and cannot be set"
nv = unreal.GrassVariety()
nv.affect_distance_field_lighting = True
nv.grass_density.default = 50.0

# CORRECT - use set_editor_property and construct new struct instances
nv = unreal.GrassVariety()
nv.set_editor_property('affect_distance_field_lighting', True)
nv.set_editor_property('grass_density', unreal.PerPlatformFloat(default=50.0))
nv.set_editor_property('scale_x', unreal.FloatInterval(min=1.0, max=3.0))

This applies to ALL nested structs: PerPlatformFloat, PerPlatformInt, PerQualityLevelFloat, PerQualityLevelInt, FloatInterval, LightingChannels. Always construct a new struct instance with keyword args.

⚠️ Creating LandscapeGrassType Assets Requires AssetTools + Factory

LandscapeGrassType assets are NOT created via LandscapeService. Use AssetToolsHelpers with LandscapeGrassTypeFactory:

# WRONG - no such method exists
unreal.LandscapeService.create_grass_type("LGT_MyGrass", "/Game/Grass")

# CORRECT - use AssetTools + Factory
asset_tools = unreal.AssetToolsHelpers.get_asset_tools()
factory = unreal.LandscapeGrassTypeFactory()
new_asset = asset_tools.create_asset("LGT_MyGrass", "/Game/Grass", unreal.LandscapeGrassType, factory)

⚠️ Use LandscapeMaterialService for Landscape Materials - NOT MaterialService

• CORRECT: unreal.LandscapeMaterialService.create_landscape_material("M_Terrain", "/Game/Mats")
• WRONG: unreal.MaterialService.create_material("M_Terrain", "/Game/Mats") → causes TypeError: Nativize: Cannot nativize 'MaterialCreateResult' as 'String'

MaterialService is for generic materials. Landscape materials MUST use LandscapeMaterialService.

Layer Info Objects Required

Every paint layer needs a ULandscapeLayerInfoObject asset:

1. Create with LandscapeMaterialService.create_layer_info_object()
2. ALWAYS store and use .asset_path from the result — never guess paths
3. Naming convention is LI_<LayerName> (e.g., LI_Grass, LI_Rock) — NOT Grass_LayerInfo
4. Then add to landscape with LandscapeService.add_layer(landscape_label, info.asset_path)

Material Must Be Compiled First

After creating/changing a landscape material, compile it before assigning to the landscape.

⚠️ Split Material Operations Into Separate Code Blocks

compile_material() can take minutes for complex landscape materials. NEVER combine material creation + compile + layer info creation in one code block — it WILL timeout.

Do this in separate steps:

1. Block 1: Create material, add blend nodes, add layers, connect, save
2. Block 2: compile_material() (this is slow)
3. Block 3: Create layer info objects, assign to landscape

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⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid

WRONG	CORRECT
create_landscape(..., actor_label="X")	create_landscape(..., landscape_label="X")
result.actor_path	result.actor_label (no actor_path exists)
info.success	Check info.actor_label (no success field on info)
info.num_sections	info.num_subsections
info.quads_per_section	info.subsection_size_quads
MaterialService.create_material() for landscapes	LandscapeMaterialService.create_landscape_material()
Guessing layer info path Grass_LayerInfo	Use create_layer_info_object().asset_path → LI_Grass
segment.start_control_point_index	segment.start_point_index (spline segment)
segment.end_control_point_index	segment.end_point_index (spline segment)
layer.name on list_layers result	layer.layer_name (LandscapeLayerInfo_Custom property)
LandscapeService.create_spline_control_point(...)	LandscapeService.create_spline_point(...) (no "control" in name)
LandscapeMaterialService.add_material_layer(...)	LandscapeMaterialService.add_layer_to_blend_node(...)
mat_path = create_landscape_material(...) as string	Returns LandscapeMaterialCreateResult — use result.asset_path
connect_spline_points(..., tangent_length=25.0) ignoring negative source	Pass tangent_length=seg.start_tangent_length, end_tangent_length=seg.end_tangent_length — both tangents are needed for exact shape
Only passing tangent_length to connect_spline_points	Must also pass end_tangent_length=seg.end_tangent_length — end tangent is typically negative (UE convention). Omitting it defaults to -start_tangent which is usually correct for NEW splines, but when copying, always pass both explicitly
create_spline_point("L", location=vec)	Parameter is world_location, NOT location: create_spline_point("L", world_location=vec)
modify_spline_point("L", 0, location=vec)	Parameter is world_location, NOT location: modify_spline_point("L", 0, world_location=vec)
modify_spline_point(...) with wrong rotation	Use auto_calc_rotation=False, rotation=pt.rotation to set exact rotation from get_spline_info
Setting rotation BEFORE connect_spline_points	connect_spline_points triggers auto-calc rotation — set rotations AFTER all segments are connected
pt.paint_layer_name on LandscapeSplinePointInfo	Property is pt.layer_name (NOT paint_layer_name) — paint_layer_name is the parameter name in create_spline_point
Reading weights right after painting and getting 0.0	Weights are written to edit layer — reads use same path
spline_info.points on LandscapeSplineInfo	Property is spline_info.control_points (NOT points)
Not setting spline segment meshes after connecting	Use set_spline_segment_meshes() to assign mesh entries (e.g. SM_River) — splines are green without meshes
Forgetting to set control point meshes	Use set_spline_point_mesh() — control points can have their own static mesh
layer.asset_path on LandscapeLayerInfo_Custom	Property is layer.layer_info_path (NOT asset_path)
Guessing random offset like 110000 for side-by-side	Calculate: offset = (resolution - 1) * scale.x e.g. (1009-1)*100 = 100800
Using FoliageService.clear_all_foliage() thinking it only clears one landscape	clear_all_foliage() removes ALL foliage from the ENTIRE level — use remove_foliage_in_radius() or remove_all_foliage_of_type() to target specific areas
Manually scattering foliage to replicate a landscape that uses LandscapeGrassType	If foliage is procedural (from LandscapeGrassType on the material), just copy paint layers — foliage auto-generates from weights. Check if list_foliage_types() returns 0; if so, foliage is procedural.
Using terrain_data without resolution and getting 1081×1081	Always pass resolution=N matching your landscape. Common values: 505, 1009, 1017, 2033
Assuming 1081×1081 heightmap will fit any landscape	1081 requires 36×36 components which WILL timeout. Use resolution=1009 (8×8, 63q, 2s) instead
Importing a heightmap without checking dimensions	Always call get_heightmap_dimensions() first, then resize_heightmap() if sizes don't match
Creating landscape then downloading heightmap (wrong order)	Decide config → calculate resolution → download at that resolution → create landscape → import
info.scale_x on LandscapeInfo_Custom	info.scale.x — scale, location, rotation are Vector/Rotator structs, not flattened floats
Assuming a landscape is centered on its location	It spans +X/+Y from its location (corner-anchored): bounds = location to location + (resolution-1)*scale. A landscape created at (0,0) with 505 res @ scale 100 covers (0,0)–(50400,50400); its center is (25200,25200)
create_layer_info_object("Grass", "/Game/X", "LI_Grass")	Third param is a bool: create_layer_info_object(layer_name, destination_path, is_weight_blended=True) — passing a string asset name causes TypeError: Cannot nativize 'str' as 'bool'
Retrying create_landscape after PYTHON_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT	The first call usually still completes in the background — check landscape_exists(label) before retrying (duplicate labels now return an error)
result.location on LandscapeCreateResult	Result has ONLY success, actor_label, error_message — get location via get_landscape_info(label).location
result.resolution_x / .resolution_y on HeightmapImportResult	The field is result.resolution — a string like "1009x1009", not separate ints. Split it if you need numbers.
Treating get_height_at_location() as a float	It returns a LandscapeHeightSample struct — use .height (float) and .valid (bool); float(sample) / f"{sample}" raise TypeError
delete_landscape(label) to clear a World-Partition landscape	It returns False for LandscapeStreamingProxy actors. To wipe a level clean, also destroy proxies: [s.destroy_actor(a) for a in EditorActorSubsystem.get_all_level_actors() if isinstance(a, unreal.LandscapeStreamingProxy)] (a delete_all_landscapes() batch would be cleaner — not yet available)
info.component_count_x / info.component_count_y	info.num_components is the TOTAL count (e.g. 64 for 8×8) — there are no per-axis fields
info.rotation.x (Rotator)	Rotator fields are .roll / .pitch / .yaw — there is no .x/.y/.z on Rotator (only Vector has those)

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Related Skills

Task	Skills to Load
Sculpt terrain only	landscape
Simple painted material (LayerBlend)	landscape + landscape-materials
Production auto-material (material functions, RVT, instances)	landscape + landscape-auto-material
Material instance / biome configuration	landscape-auto-material

• landscape-materials: Simple landscape materials with LandscapeLayerBlend nodes. Good for prototyping with 2-5 layers.
• landscape-auto-material: Production-quality auto-materials using material functions, Runtime Virtual Textures, and material instances (Real_Landscape paradigm). Good for shipping quality.

When you need to create or modify the material applied to a landscape, load the appropriate material skill through GetSkills (AgentSkillToolset):

• For simple materials: load landscape-materials
• For production auto-materials: load landscape-auto-material

NOTE: For landscape material, texture, and layer blending operations, use LandscapeMaterialService (load the landscape-materials or landscape-auto-material skill).

Sample scripts (run via execute_python_code)

• scripts/sculpt_terrain.txt — create a landscape and sculpt procedural mountain/valley features.