| name | make-fire |
| description | Start and maintain a fire using friction, spark, and solar methods. Covers site selection, material grading (tinder/kindling/fuel), fire lay construction (teepee, log cabin, platform), ignition techniques (ferro rod, flint & steel, bow drill), flame nurturing, and Leave No Trace extinguishing. Use when needing warmth, light, or a signal in a wilderness setting, when boiling water for purification, when cooking foraged food, or in an emergency survival situation requiring heat or morale support.
|
| license | MIT |
| allowed-tools | Read |
| metadata | {"author":"Philipp Thoss","version":"1.0","domain":"bushcraft","complexity":"intermediate","language":"natural","tags":"bushcraft, fire, survival, wilderness, primitive-skills","locale":"wenyan-lite","source_locale":"en","source_commit":"1861e6a6","translator":"Julius Brussee homage โ caveman","translation_date":"2026-04-17"} |
็็ซ
ไปฅ็พๆไนๅคฉ็ถ่ๆๅธถๆๆ๏ผๆผ่้ๆขไปถไธ็็ซไธฆ็ถญๆใ
้ฉ็จๆๆฉ
- ๆผ่้ไธญ้ๅๆใ็
งๆๆไฟก่
- ้็
ฎๆฒธๆฐดไปฅๆทจๅ๏ผ่ฆ
purify-water๏ผ
- ้็น็
ฎๆก้ๆ็ฉ็ฒไน้ฃ็ฉ๏ผ่ฆ
forage-plants๏ผ
- ็ทๆฅๆฑ็ๆ
ๅขไธญ้็ฑๆบๆๅฃซๆฐฃๆฏๆ
่ผธๅ
ฅ
- ๅฟ
่ฆ๏ผ้ป็ซๆบ๏ผ็ซๆฃใ็ซ็ณ่้ผใๆ็ซๆฉใๅผ้ฝๅฅ็ตๆๆพๅคง้ก๏ผ
- ๅฟ
่ฆ๏ผไนพ็ฅ็ซ็ตจๆๆ๏ผๅคฉ็ถๆๆๅธถ๏ผ
- ้ธๆๆง๏ผ็ซๅ ดไฝ็ฝฎ้ๅถ๏ผ้ขจๅใๅฐ้ข้กๅใไธๆน้ฎ่ฝ๏ผ
- ้ธๆๆง๏ผ็ซไน็จ้๏ผๅๆใ็น้ฃชใไฟก่ใๆทจๆฐด๏ผ
ๆญฅ้ฉ
ๆญฅ้ฉไธ๏ผ้ธๅไธฆๆดๅๅ ดๅฐ
ๆไธๅฎๅ
จใๅฏฆ็จไธ็ฐๅข่กๆๆๅฐไนไฝ็ฝฎใ
Site Selection Criteria:
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Factor โ Requirement โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Wind โ Sheltered or with a windbreak โ
โ Ground โ Mineral soil, rock, or sand โ
โ Overhead clearance โ No branches within 3 m / 10 ft โ
โ Distance from water โ At least 5 m / 15 ft from streams โ
โ Distance from camp โ Close enough for use, far enough โ
โ โ to avoid spark hazards to gear โ
โ Drainage โ Slight slope or flat; avoid hollowsโ
โ โ where rain pools โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
ๆธ
ๅบ็ดๅพ็ด 1 ็ฑณ๏ผ3 ๅไนๅๅ๏ผ้ฒๅบ็คฆ่ณชๅใ่ฅๆผ้ชไธๆๆฟๅฐ๏ผไปฅ้ๆจๆๅนณ็ณๅปบๅนณ่บใ
้ ๆ๏ผ ๅทฒๆธ
ๆดใๅนณๅฆไน็ซๅ ด๏ผๅๅๅ
ง็กๆ็้็ฉ๏ผไธๆนๆทจ็ฉบๅ
่ถณ๏ผไธฆๆๆ้ขจ่จญ็ฝฎใ
ๅคฑๆๆ๏ผ ่ฅ็ก้ฉๅๅฐ้ข๏ผไปฅ 4-6 ๆ น่
็ฒ้ๆจ๏ผๆดปๆจ๏ผไธฆๆ้ชๆๆธ่บใ่ฅ้ขจๅข้ๅผท๏ผไปฅ็ๆจใ็ณๅกๆไปฅ 45 ๅบฆๆๅผตไน้ฒๆฐดๅธๅปบๆ้ขจๅฑ้ใ
ๆญฅ้ฉไบ๏ผๆก้ไธฆๅ็ดๆๆ
ไปฅไธ้กๆถ้ๆๆ๏ผๅไพไนพๅบฆ่ๅฐบๅฏธๅ็ดใ
Material Grading:
โโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Category โ Diameter โ Examples โ Quantity needed โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Tinder โ Hair-thin fibers โ Birch bark, โ Two fist-sized bundles โ
โ โ โ dried grass, โ โ
โ โ โ cedar bark, โ โ
โ โ โ fatwood โ โ
โ โ โ shavings, โ โ
โ โ โ cattail fluffโ โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Kindling โ Pencil-thin to โ Dead twigs, โ Two armfuls, sorted by โ
โ โ finger-thick โ split sticks โ thickness โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Fuel โ Wrist-thick to โ Dead standingโ Enough for intended burn โ
โ โ arm-thick โ wood, split โ time (1 armload โ 1 hr) โ
โ โ โ logs โ โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
Dryness Test:
- Snap test: dry wood snaps cleanly; damp wood bends
- Sound test: dry wood clicks when struck together; damp wood thuds
- Source priority: dead standing > dead leaning > dead on dry ground > dead on wet ground
้ ๆ๏ผ ไธๅ ๅ้กๆๆ็ฝฎๆผ็ซๅ ด่งธๆๅฏๅไน่ใ็ซ็ตจๆๆฅตไนพไธ็ดฐ็ข่็ใๅผ็ซๆดๆๆทๆๆธ
่ใ
ๅคฑๆๆ๏ผ ่ฅๆๆ็ซ็ตจ็ๆฝฎๆฟ๏ผไปฅๅๅๅฎๅๅ
งๆจน็ฎ๏ผ้ชๆพใๆจบใๆฅ๏ผ่ฃฝๆ็ดฐ็บ็ถญใๆพๆ๏ผๆฏ้่ๆจนไนๆพ่ๅฟๆ๏ผๅณไฝฟๆฝฎๆฟไบฆๅฏ้ป็ใๆๅพๆๆฎต๏ผๆก็จๆๅธถไนๅผ็ซ็ฉ๏ผๅกๅกๅฃซๆไนๆฃ็ใ่ ๆผฌ็ดๆฟ๏ผใ
ๆญฅ้ฉไธ๏ผๅปบๆง็ซๅ ๆถ
ไพ็จ้่ๆขไปถๆไธ็ซๅ ๆถใ
Fire Lay Decision Table:
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Fire Lay โ Best for โ Construction โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Teepee โ Quick start, boiling โ Lean kindling against โ
โ โ water, signaling โ a central tinder bundle โ
โ โ โ in a cone shape โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Log cabin โ Sustained heat, โ Stack pairs of sticks in โ
โ โ cooking, drying โ alternating layers like โ
โ โ โ a cabin; tinder in centerโ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Lean-to โ Windy conditions โ Push a green stick into โ
โ โ โ ground at 30ยฐ; lean โ
โ โ โ kindling against it with โ
โ โ โ tinder underneath โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Platform โ Snow/wet ground โ Lay green logs side by โ
โ โ โ side as a base; build โ
โ โ โ teepee or log cabin on โ
โ โ โ top โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Star/Radial โ Long burns with โ Lay 4-5 logs radiating โ
โ โ minimal fuel โ from center like spokes; โ
โ โ โ push inward as they burn โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
ไฟ็ๆฐฃๆต็ธซ้ใ็ซ้ๆฐงๆฐฃโโๆๆ้ฌ็๏ผๅฟ็ทๅฃใ
้ ๆ๏ผ ็ตๆง็ฉฉๅบ๏ผ็ซ็ตจๅฏๅไปฅไพ้ป็ซ๏ผๆฐฃๆต็ธซ้ๅ
่ถณ๏ผๅผ็ซๆดไนๅฎ็ฝฎไฝฟ็ซ็ฐๅพไปฅๅพ็ซ็ตจๅพชๆฌกๆ่ณๅผ็ซๆดๅ่ณ็ๆใ
ๅคฑๆๆ๏ผ ่ฅ็ตๆงๅๅก๏ผไปฅๆๅ
ฅๅฐ้ขไนๆฏๆๆฃไฝไธญๅฟ็ซๆฑใ่ฅๆฐฃๆตไธ่ถณ๏ผ็ซๅ็
่ไธ่็ฐ๏ผ๏ผ้้ฌๆๆ้็ธซ้๏ผไธฆ็ขบไฟ่ฟ้ขจ้ขๅบ้จๆ้ๅฃใ
ๆญฅ้ฉๅ๏ผ้ป็็ซ็ตจ
ไพๅฏ็จๅทฅๅ
ทๆไธ้ป็ซๆณใ
Ignition Methods (ranked by reliability):
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Method โ Technique โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Lighter/match โ Apply flame directly to tinder for 5-10 sec โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Ferro rod โ Hold rod against tinder; scrape striker down โ
โ โ rod at 45ยฐ with firm, fast strokes; direct โ
โ โ sparks into center of tinder bundle โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Flint & steel โ Strike steel against flint edge to cast sparks โ
โ โ onto char cloth laid on tinder โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Bow drill โ Carve fireboard notch; place tinder below; โ
โ โ spin spindle with bow using steady, full-lengthโ
โ โ strokes until coal forms in notch โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโผโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค
โ Solar (lens) โ Focus sunlight through lens onto dark tinder; โ
โ โ hold steady until smoke appears; gently blow โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
้ ๆ๏ผ ็ซ็ตจๆผ็ซๆๆ็ซ็ฐๆฅ่งธ 30 ็งๅ
ง้ๅง็ผ็ด
๏ผ็็ญ๏ผๆ็ข็ๅฐ็ซ็ฐใ
ๅคฑๆๆ๏ผ ่ฅ็ซๆ่ฝๅ
ฅ่็ซ็ตจไธ็๏ผๅ็ซ็ตจ้ๆฟๆ้็ฒใๅฐ็ซ็ตจๆด็ดฐ่็๏ผๅฎใๆใ่ฌ้ฌ๏ผใ่ฅ็จ็ซๆฃ๏ผๅ
ๅฐๅฐ่จฑ้ๅฑๅฎ่ณ็ซ็ตจไธไฝๅฉ็ๅใ่ฅ็จๅผ้ฝ๏ผ็ขบไฟ้ฝๆกฟ่็ซๆฟ็บๅไธไนพ่ปๆจ๏ผๆณใ้ชๆพใๆฅ๏ผ๏ผไธๅนๅฃๆทฑ้้ฝๆกฟไนๅน้ทไธญๅฟใ
ๆญฅ้ฉไบ๏ผๅต่ญท็ซ็ฐ
็ซ็ตจ้ป็ๅพ๏ผ่ฌนๆ
็ฑ็็ญ้ๆธก่ณ็ซ็ฐใ
- ่ฅๆ็็ญ๏ผๅผ้ฝใ็ซ็ณ่้ผ๏ผ๏ผๅฐ็ซ็ตจๅ
ไฝ็็ญ๏ผไปฅ็ฉฉๅฎๆผธๅผทไนๅนๆฐฃ่ผๆๅฐๅน๏ผ็ด่ณ็ซ็ฐๅบ็พ
- ๅฐๅธถ็ฐไน็ซ็ตจ็ฝฎๅ
ฅๅทฒๅๅฅฝไน็ซๅ ๆถไธญ
- ไปฅ่บซ้ซๆๆ้ขจๅฑ้้ฎ้ขจ
- ๅ
ๅ ๆ็ดฐไนๅผ็ซๆดโโๅฐ้็ญ็ฒไนๅๅฅๆๆข็ฝฎๆผ็ซ็ฐๆฅ่งธ่
- ๆฏๆฌกๆทปๅ ๅพๅพ
ๅ
ถ่็ซๅๅ ๆดๅค
้ ๆ๏ผ ็ซ็ฐๆผ 1-2 ๅ้ๅ
งๅพ็ซ็ตจๆ่ณๆๅฐๅผ็ซๆดใๅๅช่ฒ่กจ็คบ็็ๅทฒ่ช็ถญๆใ
ๅคฑๆๆ๏ผ ่ฅ็ซ็ฐๆผๅผ็ซๆด้ๆฎต็ๆป
๏ผๅๅผ็ซๆด้็ฒๆ้ๆฟใไปฅๅๅฐๅผ็ซๆดๅๅพๆด็ดฐ๏ผๆๅ
็จๆไนพใๆ็ดฐไนๆใ่ฅ็ซ็ฐ็ชๆฏ๏ผ็ซๅ ๆถ้็ทโโ่ผๆๆๆไปฅๆนๅๆฐฃๆตใๅฟ็จๅๅนๆฃ็็ญใ
ๆญฅ้ฉๅ
ญ๏ผๅปบ็ซ่ณ็ๆๆจ
ๅพชๅบๅขๅ ๆๆๅฐบๅฏธใ
- ๅผ็ซๆด็ฉฉๅฎ็็ๅพ๏ผๆ็บ็ซ็ฐ 2-3 ๅ้๏ผ๏ผๅ ๅ
ฅๆ็ฒๆๆข
- ๅพ
ๅ
ถๅฎๅ
จ่็ซๅๅ ่
็ฒๆจ
- ๆๅ็ๆไปฅ็ถญๆๆฐฃๆต๏ผๅฐๆจๅก็ธๅๆไบคๅๅ ็
- ็น้ฃช็จ้๏ผๅพ
็ซ็่ณ็ญๅบ๏ผ20-30 ๅ้๏ผๅ็ฝฎ้ๆ็คๆถ
Fuel Progression:
Tinder โ Pencil-thin โ Finger-thick โ Wrist-thick โ Arm-thick
(each stage must be established before adding the next)
้ ๆ๏ผ ็ฉฉๅบ่ช็ถญๆไน็ซ๏ผ็ข็ไธ่ด็ฑ้๏ผๆฏ 15-30 ๅ้ๆทป็ๆๅณๅฏ็ถญๆใ
ๅคฑๆๆ๏ผ ่ฅๅ ๅคงๆจๆ็ซๆ็บ็ๆป
๏ผๅ่ทณ็ด้ๅฟซใ้ๅๅฐไธ็ด๏ผๅปบ็ซๆดๅคงไน็ญๅบๅๅ็ดใ่ฅๆจๅถ้ณดๅ่ธๆฐฃ๏ผๅ้ๆฟโโๅ้้ฒๅบไนพ็ฅๅ
งๆจ๏ผๆ้ ่ฟ๏ผ้็ฝฎๆผ๏ผ็ซๆไปคๅ
ถๅ
ไนพๅๅ ใ
ๆญฅ้ฉไธ๏ผ็็ซไธฆไธ็็่ทก
Extinguishing Protocol:
1. Stop adding fuel 30-60 min before you need the fire out
2. Let wood burn down to ash
3. Spread coals and ash with a stick
4. Douse with water (pour, stir, pour again)
5. Feel with the back of your hand 10 cm / 4 in above the ashes
6. If any warmth is felt, repeat douse-stir-douse
7. When cold to touch, scatter the ash over a wide area
8. Replace any ground cover or duff that was moved
9. "Could someone walk by and not know a fire was here?"
้ ๆ๏ผ ็ซๅ ด่งธไนๅฐๆถผ๏ผ็กๅฏ่ฆ็็ญ๏ผๅๅ็ไผผๆช็ถๆพๅใ
ๅคฑๆๆ๏ผ ่ฅ็กๆฐดๅฏ็จ๏ผไปฅ็คฆ่ณชๅ๏ผ้่
ๆค่ณช๏ผๅพ่
ๅฏ่ฝๆถ็๏ผ่ฆ่็็ซใๅ่ฆๆชๆไธฆๆชขๆฅใๅๅฟๆผๆชๅทไนๅ้ข้็ซๅ ดใ่ฅ็็ญๅๆผๆทฑ็ฐไธญ๏ผๅฐ็ฐๅฎ้ไธฆๆพๆฟ้ฒๅบไน็็ญใ
้ฉ่ญ
ๅธธ่ฆ้ท้ฑ
- ๆฝฎๆฟ็ซ็ตจ๏ผๆๅธธ่ฆไนๅคฑๆใ็ซ็ตจ่็ไน็ดฐๅบฆๅๅฟ
่ถ
ไนๆๆณ๏ผไธฆๅ่ชๆฏ็ซๆๆ
- ไปฅ็ๆๆถ็๏ผๅ ๆจ้ๅค้ๅฟซๅๆทๆฐงๆฐฃใๆๅพชๅบๅปบ็ซ
- ๅฟฝ่ฆ้ขจ๏ผ้ขจๅฏๅฉ็ซไบฆๅฏๆฎบ็ซใๅฉ็จ้ขจไปฅไพๆฐฃๆต๏ผไฝ้ป็ซๆ้ ้ฎ่ฝ็ซ็ตจ
- ๆๆๅ้กไธ่ฏ๏ผ็ซ็ตจ็็ๆ้ๅจๆๅฐๅผ็ซๆดๅฐๆตช่ฒป้้ตๆ้ใๆ็ซๅๆๆถ้ไธฆๅ้กไธๅ
- ๆฟๅฐๅณๅฐ๏ผๅณไพฟไนพๆจ็ฝฎๆผๆฟๅฐไบฆๅฐๆฃ็ฑใๆฟๅฐๆขไปถไธไฝฟ็จๅนณ่บ
- ็ๆป
ไธๅฎๅ
จ๏ผๅ่ไน็็ญๆธๅฐๆๅพๅฏ่ฝๅพฉ็ใๅๅฟ
้ฉ่ญ่งธไนๅฐๆถผ
็ธ้ๆ่ฝ
purify-water โ ็
ฎๆฒธๆฐด้ๆ็บไน็ซ๏ผ็
ฎๆฒธๆณไพ่ณดๆฌๆ่ฝforage-plants โ ่จฑๅคๆค็ฉๆไพ็ซ็ตจ๏ผๆจบ็ฎใ้ฆ่ฒ็ตจใไนพ่๏ผ๏ผไธ้จๅ้็น็
ฎpaper-making โ ไปฅๆค็ฉ็บ็ถญๆๅทฅ้ ็ด๏ผ่็ซ็ตจๅ่ฃฝๅ
ฑ็จ็บ็ถญ่็่่ฃฝๆผฟๆ่ก
