nft-standards

name	nft-standards
description	Implement NFT standards (ERC-721, ERC-1155) with proper metadata handling, minting strategies, and marketplace integration. Use when creating NFT contracts, building NFT marketplaces, or implementing digital asset systems.
owner	RStack developed by Richardson Gunde

NFT Standards

Master ERC-721 and ERC-1155 NFT standards, metadata best practices, and advanced NFT features.

When to Use This Skill

• Creating NFT collections (art, gaming, collectibles)
• Implementing marketplace functionality
• Building on-chain or off-chain metadata
• Creating soulbound tokens (non-transferable)
• Implementing royalties and revenue sharing
• Developing dynamic/evolving NFTs

ERC-721 (Non-Fungible Token Standard)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol";

contract MyNFT is ERC721URIStorage, ERC721Enumerable, Ownable {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;
    Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;

    uint256 public constant MAX_SUPPLY = 10000;
    uint256 public constant MINT_PRICE = 0.08 ether;
    uint256 public constant MAX_PER_MINT = 20;

    constructor() ERC721("MyNFT", "MNFT") {}

    function mint(uint256 quantity) external payable {
        require(quantity > 0 && quantity <= MAX_PER_MINT, "Invalid quantity");
        require(_tokenIds.current() + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Exceeds max supply");
        require(msg.value >= MINT_PRICE * quantity, "Insufficient payment");

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < quantity; i++) {
            _tokenIds.increment();
            uint256 newTokenId = _tokenIds.current();
            _safeMint(msg.sender, newTokenId);
            _setTokenURI(newTokenId, generateTokenURI(newTokenId));
        }
    }

    function generateTokenURI(uint256 tokenId) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Return IPFS URI or on-chain metadata
        return string(abi.encodePacked("ipfs://QmHash/", Strings.toString(tokenId), ".json"));
    }

    // Required overrides
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable) {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, batchSize);
    }

    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) {
        super._burn(tokenId);
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) returns (string memory) {
        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
        payable(owner()).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }
}

ERC-1155 (Multi-Token Standard)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/ERC1155.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract GameItems is ERC1155, Ownable {
    uint256 public constant SWORD = 1;
    uint256 public constant SHIELD = 2;
    uint256 public constant POTION = 3;

    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public tokenSupply;
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public maxSupply;

    constructor() ERC1155("ipfs://QmBaseHash/{id}.json") {
        maxSupply[SWORD] = 1000;
        maxSupply[SHIELD] = 500;
        maxSupply[POTION] = 10000;
    }

    function mint(
        address to,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(tokenSupply[id] + amount <= maxSupply[id], "Exceeds max supply");

        _mint(to, id, amount, "");
        tokenSupply[id] += amount;
    }

    function mintBatch(
        address to,
        uint256[] memory ids,
        uint256[] memory amounts
    ) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
            require(tokenSupply[ids[i]] + amounts[i] <= maxSupply[ids[i]], "Exceeds max supply");
            tokenSupply[ids[i]] += amounts[i];
        }

        _mintBatch(to, ids, amounts, "");
    }

    function burn(
        address from,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount
    ) external {
        require(from == msg.sender || isApprovedForAll(from, msg.sender), "Not authorized");
        _burn(from, id, amount);
        tokenSupply[id] -= amount;
    }
}

Metadata Standards

Off-Chain Metadata (IPFS)

{
  "name": "NFT #1",
  "description": "Description of the NFT",
  "image": "ipfs://QmImageHash",
  "attributes": [
    {
      "trait_type": "Background",
      "value": "Blue"
    },
    {
      "trait_type": "Rarity",
      "value": "Legendary"
    },
    {
      "trait_type": "Power",
      "value": 95,
      "display_type": "number",
      "max_value": 100
    }
  ]
}

On-Chain Metadata

contract OnChainNFT is ERC721 {
    struct Traits {
        uint8 background;
        uint8 body;
        uint8 head;
        uint8 rarity;
    }

    mapping(uint256 => Traits) public tokenTraits;

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (string memory) {
        Traits memory traits = tokenTraits[tokenId];

        string memory json = Base64.encode(
            bytes(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        '{"name": "NFT #', Strings.toString(tokenId), '",',
                        '"description": "On-chain NFT",',
                        '"image": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,', generateSVG(traits), '",',
                        '"attributes": [',
                        '{"trait_type": "Background", "value": "', Strings.toString(traits.background), '"},',
                        '{"trait_type": "Rarity", "value": "', getRarityName(traits.rarity), '"}',
                        ']}'
                    )
                )
            )
        );

        return string(abi.encodePacked("data:application/json;base64,", json));
    }

    function generateSVG(Traits memory traits) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Generate SVG based on traits
        return "...";
    }
}

Royalties (EIP-2981)

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC2981.sol";

contract NFTWithRoyalties is ERC721, IERC2981 {
    address public royaltyRecipient;
    uint96 public royaltyFee = 500; // 5%

    constructor() ERC721("Royalty NFT", "RNFT") {
        royaltyRecipient = msg.sender;
    }

    function royaltyInfo(uint256 tokenId, uint256 salePrice)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (address receiver, uint256 royaltyAmount)
    {
        return (royaltyRecipient, (salePrice * royaltyFee) / 10000);
    }

    function setRoyalty(address recipient, uint96 fee) external onlyOwner {
        require(fee <= 1000, "Royalty fee too high"); // Max 10%
        royaltyRecipient = recipient;
        royaltyFee = fee;
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721, IERC165)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC2981).interfaceId ||
               super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }
}

Soulbound Tokens (Non-Transferable)

contract SoulboundToken is ERC721 {
    constructor() ERC721("Soulbound", "SBT") {}

    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual override {
        require(from == address(0) || to == address(0), "Token is soulbound");
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, batchSize);
    }

    function mint(address to) external {
        uint256 tokenId = totalSupply() + 1;
        _safeMint(to, tokenId);
    }

    // Burn is allowed (user can destroy their SBT)
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) external {
        require(ownerOf(tokenId) == msg.sender, "Not token owner");
        _burn(tokenId);
    }
}

Dynamic NFTs

contract DynamicNFT is ERC721 {
    struct TokenState {
        uint256 level;
        uint256 experience;
        uint256 lastUpdated;
    }

    mapping(uint256 => TokenState) public tokenStates;

    function gainExperience(uint256 tokenId, uint256 exp) external {
        require(ownerOf(tokenId) == msg.sender, "Not token owner");

        TokenState storage state = tokenStates[tokenId];
        state.experience += exp;

        // Level up logic
        if (state.experience >= state.level * 100) {
            state.level++;
        }

        state.lastUpdated = block.timestamp;
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (string memory) {
        TokenState memory state = tokenStates[tokenId];

        // Generate metadata based on current state
        return generateMetadata(tokenId, state);
    }

    function generateMetadata(uint256 tokenId, TokenState memory state)
        internal
        pure
        returns (string memory)
    {
        // Dynamic metadata generation
        return "";
    }
}

Gas-Optimized Minting (ERC721A)

import "erc721a/contracts/ERC721A.sol";

contract OptimizedNFT is ERC721A {
    uint256 public constant MAX_SUPPLY = 10000;
    uint256 public constant MINT_PRICE = 0.05 ether;

    constructor() ERC721A("Optimized NFT", "ONFT") {}

    function mint(uint256 quantity) external payable {
        require(_totalMinted() + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Exceeds max supply");
        require(msg.value >= MINT_PRICE * quantity, "Insufficient payment");

        _mint(msg.sender, quantity);
    }

    function _baseURI() internal pure override returns (string memory) {
        return "ipfs://QmBaseHash/";
    }
}

Resources

• references/erc721.md: ERC-721 specification details
• references/erc1155.md: ERC-1155 multi-token standard
• references/metadata-standards.md: Metadata best practices
• references/enumeration.md: Token enumeration patterns
• assets/erc721-contract.sol: Production ERC-721 template
• assets/erc1155-contract.sol: Production ERC-1155 template
• assets/metadata-schema.json: Standard metadata format
• assets/metadata-uploader.py: IPFS upload utility

Best Practices

1. Use OpenZeppelin: Battle-tested implementations
2. Pin Metadata: Use IPFS with pinning service
3. Implement Royalties: EIP-2981 for marketplace compatibility
4. Gas Optimization: Use ERC721A for batch minting
5. Reveal Mechanism: Placeholder → reveal pattern
6. Enumeration: Support walletOfOwner for marketplaces
7. Whitelist: Merkle trees for efficient whitelisting

Marketplace Integration

• OpenSea: ERC-721/1155, metadata standards
• LooksRare: Royalty enforcement
• Rarible: Protocol fees, lazy minting
• Blur: Gas-optimized trading

Completion Protocol

STATUS: DONE | DONE_WITH_CONCERNS | BLOCKED | NEEDS_CONTEXT REASON: [1–2 sentences if not DONE] ATTEMPTED: [what was tried, if BLOCKED]