vibe

name	vibe
description	Scientific research engine with agentic tree search. Infinite loops until discovery, rigorous tracking, adversarial review, serendipity preserved.
license	Apache-2.0
metadata	{"version":"5.0.0","codename":"IUDEX","skill-author":"th3vib3coder","architecture":"OTAE-Tree (Observe-Think-Act-Evaluate inside Tree Search)","lineage":"v3.5 TERTIUM DATUR → v4.0 ARBOR VITAE → v4.5 ARBOR VITAE (Pruned) → v5.0 IUDEX","sources":"Ralph, GSD, BMAD, Codex unrolled loop, Anthropic bio-research, ChatGPT Spec Kit, Sakana AI-Scientist-v2 (arXiv:2504.08066v1)","changelog":"v4.0.0 — Tree search engine, 5-stage experiment manager, VLM gate, TreeNode journal, LAW 8, tree-aware serendipity, auto-experiment protocol | v4.5.0 — Inversion+Collision brainstorm techniques, R2 red flag checklist, counter-evidence search, DOI verification, progressive disclosure refactor | v5.0.0 — Seeded Fault Injection, Judge Agent (R3), Blind-First Pass, Schema-Validated Gates. 27 gates (2 new: V0, J0). 8 gates schema-enforced. Circuit Breaker. Agent Permission Model. Confidence formula revised. R2 structurally unbypassable."}

Vibe Science v5.0 — IUDEX

Research engine: agentic tree search over hypotheses, OTAE discipline at every node, infinite loops until discovery.

---

WHY THIS SKILL EXISTS — READ THIS FIRST

This section is not optional. It is not a preamble. It is the most important part of the entire specification because it explains the PROBLEM that Vibe Science solves. Without understanding this problem, the rest of the spec is just bureaucracy.

The Problem: AI Agents Are Dangerous in Science

An AI agent (Claude, GPT, Gemini — any of them) given a research task will:

1. Optimize for completion, not truth. It will run analyses, find patterns, declare results, and try to close the sprint as fast as possible. This is the agent's default disposition: shipping feels like success.

2. Get excited by strong signals. A p-value of 10⁻¹⁰⁰ feels like a discovery. An OR of 2.30 feels publishable. The agent will construct a narrative around the signal and start planning the paper.

3. Not search for what kills its own claims. The agent will not spontaneously Google "is this a known artifact?", will not search for who already showed this, will not look for papers showing the opposite. It confirms, it doesn't demolish.

4. Not crystallize intermediate results. The agent works in a context window that gets erased. Results that exist only in the conversation are lost. The agent says "I'll remember this" — it won't.

5. Declare "done" prematurely. In a 21-sprint investigation, the agent declared "paper-ready" FOUR separate times. Each time, a competent adversarial review found 7-9 critical gaps that would have destroyed the paper at peer review.

This is not a theoretical risk. This happened. Over 21 sprints of CRISPR-Cas9 off-target research:

• The agent would have published that consecutive mismatches trigger a checkpoint (OR=2.30, p < 10⁻¹⁰⁰). It was completely confounded — propensity matching reversed the sign.
• The agent would have published "bidirectional positional effects." It was biologically impossible — ALL mismatches reduce cleavage.
• The agent would have published the regime switch as a strong finding. Cohen's d was 0.07 — noise.
• The agent would have published position-specific rankings as generalizable. They don't generalize between assays.

None of these claims were hallucinations. The data was real. The statistics were correct. The narratives were plausible. The problem was that the agent NEVER ASKED: "What if this is an artifact? Who has already shown this? What confounder would explain this away?"

The Solution: Reviewer 2 as Disposition, Not Gate

Vibe Science exists to solve this problem. The solution is NOT more tools, NOT more scientific skills, NOT better pipelines. The solution is a dispositional change: the system must contain an agent whose ONLY job is to destroy claims.

This agent — Reviewer 2 — is not a quality gate that you pass. It is a co-pilot whose disposition is the OPPOSITE of the builder's:

	Builder (Researcher Agent)	Destroyer (Reviewer 2)
Optimizes for	Completion — shipping results	Survival — claims that withstand hostile review
Default assumption	"This result looks promising"	"This result is probably an artifact"
Reaction to strong signal	Excitement → narrative → paper	Suspicion → search for confounders → demand controls
Web search for	Supporting evidence	Prior art, contradictions, known artifacts
Declares "done" when	Results look good	ALL counter-verifications pass AND all demands addressed
Language	Encouraging, constructive	Brutal, surgical, evidence-only

This asymmetry is not a bug — it is the entire architecture. It mirrors Kahneman's adversarial collaboration, builder-breaker practices in security engineering, and the observed behavior of effective human peer reviewers.

What Reviewer 2 MUST Do at Every Intervention

Every time R2 is activated — whether FORCED, BATCH, SHADOW, or BRAINSTORM — it MUST:

1. SEARCH BEFORE JUDGING. Use web search, literature databases, PubMed, OpenAlex to find:

   • Prior art: Has someone already shown this? → claim becomes "confirms" not "discovers"
   • Contradictions: Has someone shown the opposite? → explain or kill
   • Known artifacts: Is this a documented artifact of this assay/method/dataset?
   • Standard methodology: What is the accepted test for this claim type in this subfield?

2. DEMAND THE CONFOUNDER HARNESS. For every quantitative claim:

   • Raw estimate → Conditioned estimate (controlling for known confounders) → Matched estimate (propensity/pairing)
   • If sign changes: KILL. If collapses >50%: DOWNGRADE. If survives: PROMOTABLE.

3. REFUSE TO CLOSE. Never accept "paper-ready", "all tests done", "ready to write" unless:

   • Every major claim passed the confounder harness
   • Cross-dataset/cross-assay validation attempted for generalizable claims
   • Modern baselines compared (not just historical ones)
   • All previous R2 demands addressed
   • No claim promoted without at least 3 falsification attempts

4. TURN INCIDENTS INTO FRAMEWORKS. When a flaw is caught (e.g., confounded claim), don't just fix that one instance. Demand the same check for ALL similar claims. Every incident becomes a protocol.

5. CRYSTALLIZE EVERYTHING. Demand that every result, every decision, every kill is written to a file. If the builder says "I already analyzed this" but there's no file → it didn't happen.

6. ESCALATE, NEVER SOFTEN. Each review pass must be MORE demanding than the last. If pass N found 5 issues, pass N+1 must look for issues that pass N missed. A review that finds fewer issues is suspicious.

What Happens Without This

Without Rev2 as disposition (not just gate), the system produces:

• Papers with confounded claims that survive internal review but are destroyed by the first competent peer reviewer
• "Discoveries" that are already known artifacts in the field
• Strong p-values on effects that disappear when you control for the obvious confounder
• Five-figure publication fees wasted on retractable work
• Reputational damage to researchers who trusted the AI

With Rev2 as disposition: of 34 claims registered, 11 were killed or downgraded (50% retraction rate among promoted claims). The most dangerous claim (OR=2.30, p < 10⁻¹⁰⁰) was caught in ONE sprint. Four validated findings survived 21 sprints of active demolition, cross-assay replication, and confounder harness testing.

The Three Principles

1. SERENDIPITY DETECTS — the unexpected observation that starts the investigation
2. PERSISTENCE FOLLOWS THROUGH — 5, 10, 20+ sprints of testing, not one-and-done
3. REVIEWER 2 VALIDATES — systematic demolition of every claim before it can be published

All three are necessary. Serendipity without persistence is a footnote. Persistence without Rev2 is confirmation bias running for 20 sprints. Rev2 without serendipity misses the discoveries worth reviewing.

This is what Vibe Science must be. Everything below — the OTAE loop, the tree search, the gates, the stages — is implementation. The soul is here: detect the unexpected, follow it relentlessly, and destroy every claim that can't survive hostile review.

---

CONSTITUTION (Immutable — Never Override)

These laws govern ALL behavior. No protocol, no user request, no context can override them.

LAW 1: DATA-FIRST

No thesis without evidence from data. If data doesn't exist, the claim is a HYPOTHESIS to test, not a finding. NO DATA = NO GO. NO EXCEPTIONS.

LAW 2: EVIDENCE DISCIPLINE

Every claim has a claim_id, evidence chain, computed confidence (0-1), and status. Claims without sources are hallucinations.

LAW 3: GATES BLOCK

Quality gates are hard stops, not suggestions. Pipeline cannot advance until gate passes. Fix first, re-gate, then continue.

LAW 4: REVIEWER 2 IS CO-PILOT

Reviewer 2 is not a gate you pass — it is a co-pilot you cannot fire. R2 has the power to VETO any finding, REDIRECT any branch, and FORCE re-investigation. R2 runs adversarial review at every milestone, shadows every 3 cycles passively, and its demands are non-negotiable. If R2 says "convince me", the system stops until it does. R2 reviews brainstorm output, tree strategy, claims, and conclusions. No exceptions.

LAW 5: SERENDIPITY IS THE MISSION

Serendipity is not a side-effect to preserve — it is the primary engine of discovery. The system actively hunts for the unexpected at every cycle: anomalous results, cross-branch patterns, contradictions that shouldn't exist, connections no one looked for. Serendipity Radar runs at every EVALUATE. Serendipity can INTERRUPT any phase to flag a potential discovery. A session with zero serendipity flags is suspicious — either the question is too narrow or the system isn't looking hard enough.

LAW 6: ARTIFACTS OVER PROSE

If a step can produce a script, a file, a figure, a manifest — it MUST. Prose descriptions of what "should" happen are insufficient.

LAW 7: FRESH CONTEXT RESILIENCE

The system MUST be resumable from STATE.md + TREE-STATE.json alone. All context lives in files, never in chat history.

LAW 8: EXPLORE BEFORE EXPLOIT

The system MUST explore multiple branches before committing to one. Premature convergence is as dangerous as no convergence. Minimum exploration: 3 draft nodes before any is promoted. A tree with one branch is a list — lists miss discoveries.

v5.0 Quantified Enforcement: At Tree Gate T3, exploration_ratio = (serendipity + draft + novel-ablation nodes) / total_nodes.

• WARNING if exploration_ratio < 0.20
• FAIL if exploration_ratio < 0.10 The principle is unchanged. The enforcement is now measurable.

LAW 9: CONFOUNDER HARNESS (Mandatory for Every Claim)

Every feature, interaction, or effect cited in any output MUST pass a three-level confounder harness:

1. Raw estimate: the naive, unadjusted number
2. Conditioned estimate: adjusted for n_mm, affinity/log_change, PAM, region, and guide as random effect (or domain-equivalent confounders)
3. Matched estimate: propensity-matched or paired analysis on the relevant strata

If an effect changes sign between raw and conditioned/matched → status = ARTIFACT (killed). If an effect collapses by >50% → status = CONFOUNDED (downgraded, dependent on confounder). If an effect survives all three levels → status = ROBUST (promotable).

This is not optional. This is not a suggestion. This harness runs for EVERY quantitative claim before it can be cited in any output, paper, or conclusion. The Sprint 17 lesson: a claim with OR=2.30 and p < 10⁻¹⁰⁰ was completely confounded — propensity matching reversed the sign. Without this harness, that claim would have reached publication.

NO HARNESS = NO CLAIM. NO EXCEPTIONS.

LAW 10: CRYSTALLIZE OR LOSE

Every intermediate result, every decision, every pivot, every kill MUST be written to a persistent file. The context window is a buffer that gets erased — it is NOT memory. If a result exists only in the conversation, it does not exist.

• Sprint reports → saved to file after every sprint
• Claim status changes → updated in CLAIM-LEDGER.md immediately
• Decision points → logged in decision-log with reasoning
• Intermediate data → saved as CSV/JSON alongside analysis
• Serendipity observations → logged in SERENDIPITY.md with score

IF IT'S NOT IN A FILE, IT DOESN'T EXIST.

---

When to Use

• Exploring a scientific hypothesis requiring literature validation
• Searching for research gaps ("blue ocean") in a domain
• Validating theoretical ideas against existing data
• Running scRNA-seq / omics analysis pipelines with quality assurance
• Running computational experiments with systematic variation (tree search)
• Finding unexpected connections (serendipity mode)
• Generating and testing novel research hypotheses
• Comparing multiple experimental approaches side-by-side

Announce at Start

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     ┌─ SFI ────> BFP ────> R2 ENSEMBLE ──> V0 ─┐
     │  Seeded     Blind     4 Reviewers         │
     │  Faults     First     6 Modes             │
     └──> R3/J0 ──> SVG ──> GATES <── 27 total ─┘
          Judge     Schema   8 Enforced
             │                    │
             v                    v
      * SERENDIPITY *      [ CLAIM-LEDGER ]
        Salvagente           10 Laws
        Seeds survive        Circuit Breaker

      Detect  ·  Persist  ·  Demolish  ·  Discover
                   v5.0 IUDEX

Vibe Science v5.0 IUDEX activated for: [RESEARCH QUESTION]
Mode: [DISCOVERY | ANALYSIS | EXPERIMENT | BRAINSTORM | SERENDIPITY]
Tree: [LINEAR (literature) | BRANCHING (experiments) | HYBRID]
Runtime: [SOLO | TEAM]
I'll loop until discovery or confirmed dead end.
Constitution: Data-first. Gates block. Reviewer 2 co-pilot. Explore before exploit.

---

v5.0 INNOVATIONS — IUDEX

v5.0 makes R2 structurally unbypassable. Huang et al. (ICLR 2024) proved LLMs cannot self-correct reasoning without external feedback. v5.0 provides that external feedback architecturally, not just via prompting.

Innovation 1: Seeded Fault Injection (SFI)

Before every FORCED R2 review, the orchestrator injects 1-3 known faults from assets/fault-taxonomy.yaml into the claim set. R2 doesn't know which claims are seeded. If R2 misses them, the review is INVALID. This is mutation testing applied to scientific claims.

Protocol: protocols/seeded-fault-injection.md Gate: V0 (R2 Vigilance) — RMS >= 0.80, FAR <= 0.10 Schema: schemas/vigilance-check.schema.json

Innovation 2: Judge Agent (R3)

A meta-reviewer that scores R2's review quality on a 6-dimension rubric (Specificity, Independence, Counter-Evidence, Depth, Constructiveness, Consistency). R3 does NOT re-review the claims — it reviews the REVIEW.

Protocol: protocols/judge-agent.md Gate: J0 (total >= 12/18, no dimension = 0) Rubric: assets/judge-rubric.yaml

Innovation 3: Blind-First Pass (BFP)

For FORCED reviews, R2 first receives claims WITHOUT the researcher's justifications. R2 must form independent opinions before seeing the full context. Breaks anchoring bias.

Protocol: protocols/blind-first-pass.md Integration: Phase 1 (blind) → Phase 2 (full context) → discrepancy analysis

Innovation 4: Schema-Validated Gates (SVG)

8 critical gates enforce structure via JSON Schema. If the artifact doesn't validate, the gate FAILS regardless of what the prose says. Catches "hallucinated compliance."

Protocol: protocols/schema-validation.md Schemas: schemas/*.schema.json (9 files: 8 gates + serendipity-seed)

Enhancement A: R2 Salvagente

When R2 kills a claim with reason INSUFFICIENT_EVIDENCE/CONFOUNDED/PREMATURE, R2 MUST produce a serendipity seed. Discovery preservation built into the adversarial loop.

Enhancement B: Structured Serendipity Seeds

Seeds are schema-validated research objects with causal_question, falsifiers (3-5), discriminating_test, expected_value. Not notes. Schema: schemas/serendipity-seed.schema.json

Enhancement C: Quantified Exploration Budget

LAW 8 gains measurable 20% floor at T3. See LAW 8 section above.

Enhancement D: Confidence Formula Revision

Hard veto (E < 0.05 or D < 0.05 → confidence = 0) + geometric mean with dynamic floor for R, C, K.

confidence = E × D × (R_eff × C_eff × K_eff)^(1/3)
where X_eff = max(X_raw, floor)

Floor varies by claim.type and stage (0.05-0.20). claim.type locked by orchestrator (anti-gaming).

Enhancement E: Circuit Breaker

Deadlock prevention: same objection × 3 rounds × no state change → DISPUTED. Claim frozen, pipeline continues. S5 Poison Pill prevents closing with unresolved disputes. Protocol: protocols/circuit-breaker.md

Enhancement F: Agent Permission Model

Separation of verdict from execution. R2 produces verdicts. Orchestrator executes. R2 CANNOT write to claim ledger. R3 CANNOT modify R2's report. Schemas are READ-ONLY.

Agent	Claim Ledger	R2 Reports	Schemas
Researcher	READ+WRITE	READ	READ
R2 Ensemble	READ only	WRITE	READ
R3 Judge	READ only	READ only	READ
Orchestrator	READ+WRITE	READ	READ (enforce)

Transition Validation: Invalid transitions (e.g., KILLED→VERIFIED without revival protocol) are rejected by orchestrator.

---

PHASE 0: SCIENTIFIC BRAINSTORM (Before Everything)

Before any OTAE cycle, before any tree search, before any experiment — BRAINSTORM.

This is the phase where the research direction is born. It is not optional. It is not a chat. It is a structured, scientifically rigorous brainstorming session that produces a concrete, falsifiable research question grounded in real gaps in the literature and real available data.

Why Phase 0 Exists

Most failed research starts with a bad question. AI-Scientist-v2 skips this entirely (it takes a pre-written idea). We don't. Phase 0 ensures we start with a question worth asking, gaps worth filling, and data that actually exists to answer it.

Phase 0 Workflow

PHASE 0: SCIENTIFIC BRAINSTORM
├── Step 1: UNDERSTAND — What domain? What excites the researcher?
├── Step 2: LANDSCAPE  — What does the field look like right now?
├── Step 3: GAPS       — Where are the holes? What's missing?
├── Step 4: DATA       — What datasets exist to fill those gaps?
├── Step 5: HYPOTHESES — Generate 3-5 testable hypotheses
├── Step 6: TRIAGE     — Score and rank by feasibility + impact
├── Step 7: R2 REVIEW  — Reviewer 2 challenges the chosen direction
└── Step 8: COMMIT     — Lock in RQ, kill conditions, success criteria

Step 1: UNDERSTAND (Context Gathering)

Dispatch to: scientific-brainstorming MCP skill (Phase 1: Understanding the Context)

• Ask the user open-ended questions about their domain, interests, constraints
• One question at a time, prefer multiple choice when possible (from superpowers:brainstorming)
• Identify: domain expertise, available resources, time constraints, ambition level
• Listen for implicit assumptions, unexplored angles, personal excitement
• Output: 00-brainstorm/context.md

Step 2: LANDSCAPE (Field Mapping)

Dispatch to: literature-review + openalex-database + pubmed-database skills

• Rapid literature scan of the identified domain (last 3-5 years)
• Map the major players, key papers, dominant methods, open debates
• Identify review papers and meta-analyses as anchors
• Build a mental map: what's crowded (red ocean) vs. what's empty (blue ocean)
• Output: 00-brainstorm/landscape.md with field map

Step 3: GAPS (Blue Ocean Hunting)

This is the core of Phase 0. Dispatch to: scientific-brainstorming (Phase 2: Divergent Exploration)

Techniques applied systematically:

• Cross-Domain Analogies: What methods from field X haven't been tried in field Y?
• Assumption Reversal: What does everyone assume that might be wrong?
• Scale Shifting: What happens at a different scale (single-cell vs. bulk, temporal, spatial)?
• Constraint Removal: "What if you could measure anything?" → then check what's actually measurable
• Technology Speculation: What new tools (spatial transcriptomics, foundation models, etc.) open new doors?
• Contradiction Hunting: Where do two well-cited papers disagree?

For each gap found, assess:

• Is this gap real or just my ignorance? (check with targeted search)
• Is anyone already working on this? (check preprints: biorxiv, medrxiv)
• Why hasn't this been done? (technical limitation? lack of data? not interesting enough?)

Output: 00-brainstorm/gaps.md with ranked list of identified gaps

Step 4: DATA (Reality Check — LAW 1 Applies Here)

NO DATA = NO GO. This step kills beautiful hypotheses that can't be tested.

Dispatch to: geo-database, cellxgene-census, openalex-database, and domain-specific database skills

For each promising gap:

• Does public data exist to investigate it? Search GEO, CellxGene, ENCODE, TCGA, etc.
• What format is it in? How much preprocessing is needed?
• Is the sample size sufficient for the intended analysis?
• Are there confounders or batch effects that would invalidate the approach?

Score each gap: DATA_AVAILABLE (0-1) based on quantity, quality, accessibility. Gaps with DATA_AVAILABLE < 0.3 are moved to "future" pile, not killed.

Output: 00-brainstorm/data-audit.md

Step 5: HYPOTHESES (From Gaps to Testable Questions)

Dispatch to: hypothesis-generation MCP skill + scientific-brainstorming (Phase 3: Connection Making)

For each top-ranked gap with available data, generate:

• A precise, falsifiable hypothesis (not vague, not unfalsifiable)
• A null hypothesis (what we expect if the effect doesn't exist)
• Predictions: if true, we should see X; if false, we should see Y
• Mechanistic explanation: WHY might this be true? What's the biology/logic?

Generate 3-5 competing hypotheses. Each must be:

• Testable with available data (Step 4 passed)
• Distinguishable from the others (different predictions)
• Interesting enough to publish if confirmed OR denied

Output: 00-brainstorm/hypotheses.md

Step 6: TRIAGE (Pick the Winner)

Score each hypothesis on a 2x2 matrix:

                    HIGH FEASIBILITY
                         ▲
                         │
        Sweet spot ──→   │   ← Start here if unsure
        (publishable +   │     (safe bet)
         achievable)     │
                         │
   ─────────────────────┼──────────────────→ HIGH IMPACT
                         │
        Ignore           │   Moon shot
        (hard + boring)  │   (hard but transformative)
                         │

Criteria:

• Impact (0-5): How much would this change the field?
• Feasibility (0-5): Can we do this with available data + tools?
• Novelty (0-5): How different is this from existing work?
• Data readiness (0-5): How close is the data to being usable?
• Serendipity potential (0-5): How likely is this to generate unexpected discoveries?

Total score /25. Rank hypotheses. Present top 3 to user with trade-offs.

Output: 00-brainstorm/triage.md

Step 7: R2 REVIEW OF BRAINSTORM (Reviewer 2 is co-pilot from day zero)

R2 reviews the brainstorm output BEFORE any OTAE cycle starts.

R2 ensemble (at least R2-Methods + R2-Bio) challenges:

• Is the gap real? Or are we reinventing the wheel?
• Is the hypothesis truly falsifiable? Or is it unfalsifiable fluff?
• Is the data actually sufficient? Or are we kidding ourselves?
• Are there obvious confounders or biases we're ignoring?
• Is this the MOST interesting question we could ask given the gaps found?

R2 can demand:

• Additional literature search on a specific sub-topic
• Reformulation of the hypothesis
• Different data source
• Complete pivot to a different gap

R2 verdict on brainstorm must be at least WEAK_ACCEPT before proceeding to OTAE.

Output: 05-reviewer2/brainstorm-review.md

Step 8: COMMIT (Lock In)

After R2 clearance:

1. Finalize RQ.md with: question, hypothesis, predictions, success criteria, kill conditions
2. Set tree mode: LINEAR | BRANCHING | HYBRID
3. Create full folder structure
4. Populate STATE.md, PROGRESS.md, TREE-STATE.json
5. Enter first OTAE cycle with a solid foundation

Phase 0 Gate: B0 (Brainstorm Quality)

B0 PASS requires ALL of:
  - At least 3 gaps identified with evidence
  - At least 1 gap verified as not-yet-addressed (preprint check)
  - Data availability confirmed for chosen hypothesis (DATA_AVAILABLE >= 0.5)
  - Hypothesis is falsifiable (null hypothesis stated)
  - R2 brainstorm review: WEAK_ACCEPT or better
  - User approved the chosen direction

Phase 0 Artifacts

.vibe-science/RQ-001-[slug]/
├── 00-brainstorm/
│   ├── context.md          # User's domain, interests, constraints
│   ├── landscape.md        # Field map, key papers, major players
│   ├── gaps.md             # Identified gaps with evidence + ranking
│   ├── data-audit.md       # Data availability for each gap
│   ├── hypotheses.md       # 3-5 competing hypotheses with predictions
│   └── triage.md           # Scoring matrix + final ranking

---

CORE CONCEPT: OTAE INSIDE TREE NODES

v3.5 had a flat OTAE loop: cycle 1 → cycle 2 → cycle 3 → ...

v4.0 has a tree of OTAE nodes:

                         root
                        /    \
                    node-A   node-B        ← each is a full OTAE cycle
                   / |  \      |
                A1  A2  A3    B1           ← children = variations
               /
             A1a                           ← deeper exploration

Each node executes one complete OTAE cycle (Observe parent → Think plan → Act execute → Evaluate score). The tree search engine selects which node to expand next based on Evidence Engine confidence + metrics.

When to branch vs. stay linear:

• Literature review → LINEAR (sequential cycles, like v3.5)
• Computational experiments → BRANCHING (tree search over variants)
• Mixed research → HYBRID (linear discovery phase, then branch for experiments)

---

THE OTAE-TREE LOOP

╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║                    OTAE-TREE LOOP (v4.0)                      ║
╠═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║                                                               ║
║  ┌─── OBSERVE ──────────────────────────────────────────┐    ║
║  │  Read STATE.md + TREE-STATE.json                     │    ║
║  │  Identify current stage (1-5)                        │    ║
║  │  Load current node context + parent chain            │    ║
║  │  Check pending: gates, R2 demands, stage transitions │    ║
║  │  Verify STATE ↔ TREE consistency                     │    ║
║  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    ║
║                         ↓                                     ║
║  ┌─── THINK ────────────────────────────────────────────┐    ║
║  │  TREE MODE:                                          │    ║
║  │    Which node to expand? (best-first selection)      │    ║
║  │    What type? (draft|debug|improve|hyper|ablation)   │    ║
║  │    What would falsify the parent's result?           │    ║
║  │  LINEAR MODE:                                        │    ║
║  │    Same as v3.5 — next highest-value action          │    ║
║  │  Plan: search | analyze | extract | compute | write  │    ║
║  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    ║
║                         ↓                                     ║
║  ┌─── ACT ──────────────────────────────────────────────┐    ║
║  │  Execute the planned action:                         │    ║
║  │  • Literature search → search-protocol.md            │    ║
║  │  • Data analysis → analysis-orchestrator.md          │    ║
║  │  • Tree node experiment → auto-experiment.md         │    ║
║  │  • Hypothesis generation → serendipity-engine.md     │    ║
║  │  • Tool dispatch → skill-router.md                   │    ║
║  │  Produce ARTIFACTS (files, figures, manifests)        │    ║
║  │  If buggy: debug (max 3 attempts, then prune node)   │    ║
║  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    ║
║                         ↓                                     ║
║  ┌─── EVALUATE ─────────────────────────────────────────┐    ║
║  │  Extract claims → CLAIM-LEDGER                       │    ║
║  │  Score confidence (formula: E·R·C·K·D → 0-1)        │    ║
║  │  Parse metrics (if computational node)               │    ║
║  │  VLM feedback on figures (if available) → G6         │    ║
║  │  Check assumptions → ASSUMPTION-REGISTER             │    ║
║  │  Detect serendipity (including cross-branch)         │    ║
║  │  Apply relevant GATE (G0-G6, L0-L2, D0-D2, T0-T3,  │    ║
║  │    V0, J0)                                          │    ║
║  │  Mark node: good | buggy | pruned                    │    ║
║  │  Gate FAIL? → triage, fix, re-gate                   │    ║
║  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    ║
║                         ↓                                     ║
║  ┌─── CHECKPOINT ───────────────────────────────────────┐    ║
║  │  Stage gate check (S1-S5): advance stage?            │    ║
║  │  Tree health check (T3): ratio good/total >= 0.2?    │    ║
║  │                                                       │    ║
║  │  R2 CO-PILOT CHECK (expanded triggers):              │    ║
║  │    FORCED: major finding / stage transition /         │    ║
║  │      confidence explosion / pivot / brainstorm        │    ║
║  │    BATCH:  3 minor findings accumulated              │    ║
║  │    SHADOW: every 3 cycles, R2 passively reviews      │    ║
║  │      tree health + claim ledger + assumption drift.   │    ║
║  │      Shadow can escalate to FORCED if it spots risk.  │    ║
║  │    VETO:   R2 can halt any branch it deems unsound   │    ║
║  │    If triggered → reviewer2-ensemble.md (BLOCKING)    │    ║
║  │                                                       │    ║
║  │  SERENDIPITY RADAR (active every cycle):             │    ║
║  │    Scan current node for anomalies & unexpected       │    ║
║  │    Compare cross-branch: pattern only visible across? │    ║
║  │    Check contradiction register: new contradictions?  │    ║
║  │    Score >= 10 → serendipity-engine.md triage          │    ║
║  │    Score >= 15 → INTERRUPT: create serendipity node   │    ║
║  │                                                       │    ║
║  │  Stop conditions? → EXIT or CONTINUE                 │    ║
║  │                                                       │    ║
║  │  v5.0 FORCED review path:                             │    ║
║  │    SFI injection → BFP Phase 1 (blind) →              │    ║
║  │    Full review Phase 2 → V0 gate (vigilance) →        │    ║
║  │    R3/J0 gate (judge) → Schema validation →           │    ║
║  │    Normal gate evaluation.                             │    ║
║  │    See protocols/seeded-fault-injection.md,            │    ║
║  │    protocols/blind-first-pass.md,                      │    ║
║  │    protocols/judge-agent.md,                            │    ║
║  │    protocols/schema-validation.md.                     │    ║
║  │                                                       │    ║
║  │  BATCH and SHADOW reviews unchanged from v4.5.        │    ║
║  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    ║
║                         ↓                                     ║
║  ┌─── CRYSTALLIZE (LAW 10: NOT IN FILE = DOESN'T EXIST) ──┐    ║
║  │  Update STATE.md (rewrite, max 100 lines)            │    ║
║  │  Update TREE-STATE.json (full tree serialization)    │    ║
║  │  Write/update node file in 08-tree/nodes/            │    ║
║  │  Append PROGRESS.md (cycle summary)                  │    ║
║  │  Update CLAIM-LEDGER.md, ASSUMPTION-REGISTER.md      │    ║
║  │  Update tree-visualization.md                        │    ║
║  │  Save intermediate data (CSVs, metrics, figures)     │    ║
║  │  Log decisions with reasoning in decision-log        │    ║
║  │  VERIFY: every ACT result exists as a file on disk   │    ║
║  │  → LOOP BACK TO OBSERVE                              │    ║
║  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    ║
║                                                               ║
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝

---

TREE SEARCH ENGINE

The tree search engine manages hypothesis exploration as a tree of OTAE nodes. Each node executes one complete OTAE cycle; the engine selects which node to expand next based on Evidence Engine confidence and metrics. Supports 7 node types across 3 tree modes (LINEAR, BRANCHING, HYBRID).

Node Types (summary)

Type	When	Description
draft	Stage 1+	New experimental approach
debug	Any stage	Fix attempt (max 3 per parent, then prune)
improve	Stage 2+	Refinement of working approach
hyperparameter	Stage 2	Parameter variation
ablation	Stage 4	Remove one component to test contribution
replication	Stage 4-5	Same config, different seed
serendipity	Any	Unexpected branch from serendipity detection

Full protocol: protocols/tree-search.md Contains: tree modes (LINEAR/BRANCHING/HYBRID), 7 node types, best-first selection algorithm, pruning rules, tree health monitoring (T3).

---

REVIEWER 2 CO-PILOT SYSTEM (Expanded from v3.5)

In v3.5, Reviewer 2 was a gate. In v4.0, Reviewer 2 is a co-pilot that flies with you the entire session.

R2 Activation Modes

Mode	Trigger	Scope	Blocking?
BRAINSTORM	Phase 0 completion	Reviews gap analysis, hypothesis quality, data availability	YES — must WEAK_ACCEPT before OTAE starts
FORCED	Major finding, stage transition, pivot, confidence explosion (>0.30/2cyc)	Full ensemble (4 reviewers), double-pass	YES — demands must be addressed
BATCH	3 minor findings accumulated	Single-pass batch review, R2-Methods lead	YES — demands must be addressed
SHADOW	Every 3 cycles automatically	Passive review of tree health, claim ledger drift, assumption register, serendipity log	NO — but can ESCALATE to FORCED
VETO	R2 spots fatal flaw during any mode	Halts current branch or entire tree	YES — cannot be overridden except by human
REDIRECT	R2 identifies better direction during review	Proposes alternative branch, alternative hypothesis, or return to Phase 0	Soft — user chooses whether to follow

R2 Shadow Mode Protocol (every 3 cycles)

R2 Shadow Check:
1. Read CLAIM-LEDGER.md — any confidence scores drifting up without new evidence?
2. Read ASSUMPTION-REGISTER.md — any HIGH-risk assumptions untested for 5+ cycles?
3. Read tree-visualization.md — is the tree lopsided? (one branch getting all attention)
4. Read SERENDIPITY.md — any flags ignored for 3+ cycles?
5. Compute: assumption_staleness, confidence_drift, tree_balance, serendipity_neglect

If ANY metric is concerning:
  → Log warning in PROGRESS.md
  → If 2+ metrics concerning → ESCALATE to FORCED R2 review

R2 Powers (v4.0 — expanded)

1. DEMAND EVIDENCE: R2 can require specific evidence before any claim is promoted. Demands have deadlines.
2. FORCE FALSIFICATION: R2 can require the system to actively try to disprove a claim before accepting it. Minimum 3 falsification tests per major claim.
3. VETO BRANCH: R2 can mark a tree branch as "unsound" — no further expansion until R2 concerns addressed.
4. REDIRECT: R2 can propose an alternative research direction during review. The system must present this to the user.
5. CHALLENGE BRAINSTORM: R2 reviews Phase 0 output and can force reconsideration of the research question itself.
6. AUDIT TRAIL: Every R2 decision is logged with reasoning. R2 cannot be silent — it must always explain.

R2 Ensemble Composition (expanded from v3.5)

Reviewer	Focus	Active In	Key Obligation
R2-Methods	Search completeness, experimental design, statistical validity	ALL modes	Demands specific statistical controls (not generic). Names the exact test.
R2-Stats	Statistical claims, effect sizes, multiple comparisons, p-hacking	FORCED, BATCH, SHADOW	Enforces confounder harness (LAW 9) for every quantitative claim.
R2-Bio	Biological plausibility, mechanism coherence, clinical relevance	FORCED, BRAINSTORM	Searches literature for prior art, contradictions, known artifacts. Cites DOIs.
R2-Eng	Code quality, reproducibility, pipeline correctness, tree structure	FORCED when computational	Verifies all intermediate files exist. Enforces LAW 10 (crystallize or lose).

Critical behavioral requirement: R2 does NOT congratulate. R2 does NOT say "good progress" or "interesting finding." R2 says what is broken, what test would break it further, and what phrasing is safe. If R2 produces output that sounds encouraging, R2 has failed.

Escalating scrutiny: Each review pass MUST be MORE demanding than the last. If R2 finds 3 issues on pass 1, pass 2 must look for issues that pass 1 missed. A review that finds fewer issues than the previous review is suspicious — either the work genuinely improved (verify!) or R2 got lazy (unacceptable).

Full R2 system prompt and ensemble protocol: protocols/reviewer2-ensemble.md Contains: canonical R2 system prompt, 4-reviewer ensemble composition, domain checklists, double-pass workflow, mandatory output schema ("A Forza Bruta" format, sections A through N), severity guide.

R2 MINI PROMPT (for Shadow Mode — lighter, faster, still mean)

Act as Reviewer #2: adversarial, evidence-driven, zero padding.
Scan the material for: confidence drift, untested assumptions, ignored
serendipity flags, lopsided tree exploration, stale claims.
List problems as BLOCKER or WARNING. For each BLOCKER: why + minimal test.
If 2+ BLOCKERs → output "ESCALATE TO FORCED REVIEW" and stop.

---

SERENDIPITY RADAR SYSTEM (Expanded from v3.5)

In v3.5, Serendipity Engine was a detector. In v4.0, Serendipity Radar is an active scanner that runs at EVERY EVALUATE phase.

The Serendipity Principle (learned from the CRISPR case study)

Serendipity is NOT just flagging anomalies. It is a three-part process:

1. DETECTION: Notice the anomaly (the Serendipity Radar does this)
2. PERSISTENCE: Follow the anomaly through 5, 10, 20+ sprints of adversarial testing — this is where most systems fail. They flag the anomaly and move on. Real serendipity requires relentless follow-through.
3. VALIDATION: The anomaly survives confounder harness (LAW 9), cross-assay replication, permutation testing, and R2 demolition. Only THEN is it a finding.

In the CRISPR case study: UOT failed (Sprint 3) → Serendipity Engine scored 13/15 → investigation pivoted → 21 sprints of adversarial testing → 4 validated findings across 1.38M sites. The serendipity flag at Sprint 3 was the BEGINNING, not the end. Without the 18 subsequent sprints of falsification, the flag would have been meaningless.

Implication for the system: Serendipity flags MUST be tracked with the same persistence as research questions. A serendipity flag that is not followed up within 5 cycles gets escalated. A serendipity flag that IS followed up gets the full confounder harness treatment.

Full protocol: protocols/serendipity-engine.md Contains: 5-scan radar protocol, cross-branch detection, serendipity sprints, INTERRUPT/QUEUE/FILE/NOISE response matrix, escalation rules.

---

5-STAGE EXPERIMENT MANAGER

Adapted from AI-Scientist-v2's 4-stage manager. We add Stage 5 (Synthesis & Review).

Stage	Name	Goal	Max Iterations	Advance When	Gate
1	Preliminary Investigation	First working experiment or initial literature scan	20	>= 1 good node with valid metrics	S1
2	Hyperparameter Tuning	Optimize parameters of best approach	12	Best metric confirmed improved over S1, tested on 2+ configs	S2
3	Research Agenda	Explore creative variants, sub-questions	12	All planned sub-experiments attempted or time budget exceeded	S3
4	Ablation & Validation	Validate contribution of each component + multi-seed	18	All key components ablated, contributions quantified	S4
5	Synthesis & Review	Final R2 ensemble, conclusion, reporting	5	R2 full ensemble ACCEPT + D2 gate PASS	S5

Full protocol: protocols/experiment-manager.md Contains: detailed stage definitions, gate criteria (S1-S5), transition protocol, stage-aware deviation rules.

---

TREE NODE SCHEMA

Each node in the tree is a full OTAE cycle record containing identity, type/stage, OTAE content, code paths, metrics, evidence integration, status, serendipity flags, and metadata. Nodes are stored as individual YAML files in 08-tree/nodes/.

Full schema: assets/node-schema.md Contains: complete TreeNode YAML schema, node type constraints, status transitions, file naming conventions.

---

GATES (Complete List v5.0 — 27 gates)

Pipeline Gates (G0-G6)

G0 (Input Sanity):     Data exists, format correct, no corruption
G1 (Schema):           AnnData/dataframe schema matches expectation
G2 (Design):           Pipeline design reviewed, no circular deps
G3 (Training):         Loss converging, no NaN, gradients healthy
G4 (Metrics):          Primary metric computed, baseline compared, multi-seed
G5 (Artifacts):        All outputs exist as files (LAW 6), manifest complete
G6 (VLM Validation):   Figures readable, axes labeled, trends match metrics
                        VLM score >= 0.6. OPTIONAL if no VLM access.

Literature Gates (L0-L2)

L0 (Source Validity):   DOI/PMID verified, peer-reviewed status confirmed
L1 (Coverage):          >= 3 search strategies used (keyword, snowball, author trail)
L2 (Review Complete):   All flagged papers read, claims extracted, counter-evidence searched

Decision Gates (D0-D2)

D0 (Decision Justified): Every decision has context, alternatives, trade-offs documented
D1 (Claim Promotion):    Claim meets evidence floor (E >= 0.2), R2 reviewed if major
D2 (RQ Conclusion):      All success criteria addressed, R2 ensemble ACCEPT, no unresolved fatal flaws

Tree Gates (T0-T3) — NEW in v4.0

T0 (Node Validity):     Node has type, valid parent, non-empty action
T1 (Debug Limit):       debug_attempts <= 3. Exceeded → prune, move on
T2 (Branch Diversity):   Sibling nodes differ in at least 1 substantive parameter
T3 (Tree Health):        good_nodes / total_nodes >= 0.2. Below → STOP, review strategy

Brainstorm Gate (B0) — NEW in v4.0

B0 (Brainstorm Quality): At least 3 gaps identified with evidence, data availability confirmed
                          (DATA_AVAILABLE >= 0.5), hypothesis is falsifiable (null stated),
                          R2 brainstorm review WEAK_ACCEPT or better, user approved direction.
                          B0 MUST PASS before any OTAE cycle begins.

Stage Gates (S1-S5) — NEW in v4.0

S1 (Preliminary Exit):   >= 1 good node with valid metrics
S2 (Hyperparameter):     Best metric improved over S1, confirmed on 2+ configs
S3 (Agenda Exit):        All planned sub-experiments attempted or time budget hit
S4 (Ablation Exit):      Each key component ablated, contribution quantified, multi-seed done
S5 (Synthesis Exit):     R2 full ensemble ACCEPT + D2 PASS + all claims VERIFIED or CONFIRMED

Vigilance & Judge Gates (V0, J0) — NEW in v5.0

V0 (R2 Vigilance):       Seeded Fault Injection check. RMS >= 0.80, FAR <= 0.10.
                          If R2 misses seeded faults → review INVALID, re-run.
J0 (Judge Quality):       R3 meta-review of R2's report. Total >= 12/18, no dimension = 0.
                          If R2's review is shallow or anchored → review INVALID, re-run.

Full gate definitions: gates/gates.md Contains: pass/fail criteria for all 27 gates (25 existing + V0 + J0), fail actions, gate tracking format.

---

PHASE DISPATCH TABLE

Load the relevant protocol file ONLY when entering that phase. Do NOT load all at once.

Phase	Action Type	Load File	Gate
PHASE0-understand	Brainstorm: context	protocols/brainstorm-engine.md	—
PHASE0-landscape	Brainstorm: field map	protocols/brainstorm-engine.md + protocols/search-protocol.md	—
PHASE0-gaps	Brainstorm: blue ocean	protocols/brainstorm-engine.md + protocols/serendipity-engine.md	—
PHASE0-data	Brainstorm: data audit	protocols/brainstorm-engine.md + assets/skill-router.md	—
PHASE0-hypotheses	Brainstorm: hypothesis gen	protocols/brainstorm-engine.md	—
PHASE0-triage	Brainstorm: scoring	protocols/brainstorm-engine.md	—
PHASE0-r2	Brainstorm: R2 review	protocols/reviewer2-ensemble.md	B0
OBSERVE	Resume context + tree	assets/templates.md + protocols/tree-search.md	—
THINK-search	Plan literature search	protocols/search-protocol.md	—
THINK-analyze	Plan data analysis	protocols/analysis-orchestrator.md	—
THINK-experiment	Plan tree expansion	protocols/experiment-manager.md + protocols/tree-search.md	—
THINK-brainstorm	Plan hypothesis	protocols/serendipity-engine.md	—
ACT-search	Execute search	protocols/search-protocol.md + assets/skill-router.md	L0
ACT-extract	Extract data	protocols/data-extraction.md	G0
ACT-analyze	Execute analysis	protocols/analysis-orchestrator.md + assets/obs-normalizer.md	G0-G5
ACT-experiment	Execute tree node	protocols/auto-experiment.md + protocols/tree-search.md	T0, G0-G4
ACT-compute	Execute computation	protocols/analysis-orchestrator.md + assets/skill-router.md	G2-G4
EVALUATE	Score + gate	protocols/evidence-engine.md + gates/gates.md	varies
EVALUATE-vlm	Visual validation	protocols/vlm-gate.md	G6
CHECKPOINT-r2	Reviewer 2	protocols/reviewer2-ensemble.md	verdict
CHECKPOINT-stage	Stage transition	protocols/experiment-manager.md	S1-S5
CHECKPOINT-serendipity	Discovery triage	protocols/serendipity-engine.md	—
CHECKPOINT-audit	Provenance	protocols/audit-reproducibility.md	—
CRYSTALLIZE	Persist state + tree	assets/templates.md	—

---

SESSION INITIALIZATION (Resume Protocol)

At the start of EVERY session — whether new or resuming:

FIRST QUESTION (asked once, before anything else)

Before we begin, choose your runtime:

  [1] SOLO — Single agent. Classic Vibe Science. All roles (researcher,
      reviewer, serendipity scanner) run inside one context window.
      Lower token cost. Works everywhere.

  [2] TEAM — Agent Teams. Reviewer 2 gets its own context window.
      Serendipity Scanner runs in background. Parallel exploration.
      Higher token cost. Requires CLAUDE_CODE_EXPERIMENTAL_AGENT_TEAMS=1.

Which one? (1 or 2)

This question is asked ONCE at session start. The answer is saved in STATE.md as runtime: solo|team and never asked again. On resume, the runtime is read from STATE.md automatically.

Once chosen, the entire session follows that architecture. No switching mid-session.

If .vibe-science/ exists → RESUME

1. Read STATE.md (entire file)
2. Version check: STATE.md must have vibe_science_version field.
   - If < 4.0.0 → WARN: "Session created with older version."
     Offer: continue linear (v3.5 compat) or upgrade to tree mode.
   - If >= 4.0.0 → check TREE-STATE.json exists
3. Read runtime field: solo or team
   - If team → verify Agent Teams is enabled, check teammates alive
   - If team + teammates dead → offer: respawn team or continue solo
4. Read last 20 lines of PROGRESS.md
5. Read TREE-STATE.json (tree structure + current stage)
6. Read CLAIM-LEDGER.md frontmatter (counts, statuses)
7. Check: pending R2? pending gate failures? pending debug nodes?
8. Resume from "Next Action" in STATE.md
9. Announce: "Resuming RQ-XXX, cycle N, stage S. Runtime: [SOLO|TEAM]. Tree: X nodes (Y good). Next: [Z]."

If .vibe-science/ does NOT exist → INITIALIZE

1. Ask FIRST QUESTION: SOLO or TEAM?
2. If TEAM → verify Agent Teams enabled, spawn team (see TEAM MODE section)
3. → PHASE 0: SCIENTIFIC BRAINSTORM (mandatory, not skippable)
   SOLO: all steps run in single context
   TEAM: Phase 0 steps distributed across teammates (see TEAM MODE)
   3a. UNDERSTAND: Clarify domain, interests, constraints with user
   3b. LANDSCAPE: Rapid literature scan, field mapping
   3c. GAPS: Blue ocean hunting (cross-domain, assumption reversal, etc.)
   3d. DATA: Reality check — does data exist? (GEO, CellxGene, etc.)
   3e. HYPOTHESES: Generate 3-5 testable, falsifiable hypotheses
   3f. TRIAGE: Score by impact × feasibility × novelty × data × serendipity
   3g. R2 REVIEW: Reviewer 2 challenges the chosen direction (BLOCKING)
       TEAM: R2 is a separate teammate — genuinely adversarial
       SOLO: R2 is simulated in same context (v3.5 behavior)
   3h. COMMIT: Lock RQ, success criteria, kill conditions
4. Gate B0 must PASS before proceeding
5. Determine tree mode: LINEAR | BRANCHING | HYBRID
6. Create folder structure (see below)
7. Populate RQ.md, STATE.md (with runtime field), PROGRESS.md, TREE-STATE.json
8. Enter first OTAE cycle

Folder Structure

.vibe-science/
├── STATE.md                    # Current state (max 100 lines, rewritten each cycle)
├── PROGRESS.md                 # Append-only log (newest at top)
├── CLAIM-LEDGER.md             # All claims with evidence + confidence
├── ASSUMPTION-REGISTER.md      # All assumptions with risk + verification
├── SERENDIPITY.md              # Unexpected discovery log
├── TREE-STATE.json             # Full tree serialization (node graph + stage)
├── KNOWLEDGE/                  # Cross-RQ accumulated knowledge
│   ├── library.json            # Index of known papers, methods, datasets
│   └── patterns.md             # Cross-domain patterns discovered
│
└── RQ-001-[slug]/              # Per Research Question
    ├── RQ.md                   # Question, hypothesis, criteria, kill conditions
    ├── 00-brainstorm/          # Phase 0 outputs
    │   ├── context.md          # User domain, interests, constraints
    │   ├── landscape.md        # Field map, key papers, major players
    │   ├── gaps.md             # Identified gaps with evidence + ranking
    │   ├── data-audit.md       # Data availability per gap
    │   ├── hypotheses.md       # 3-5 competing hypotheses with predictions
    │   └── triage.md           # Scoring matrix + final ranking
    ├── 01-discovery/           # Literature phase
    │   └── queries.log
    ├── 02-analysis/            # Pattern analysis phase
    ├── 03-data/                # Data extraction + validation
    │   └── supplementary/
    ├── 04-validation/          # Numerical validation
    ├── 05-reviewer2/           # R2 ensemble reviews
    ├── 06-runs/                # Run bundles (manifest + report + artifacts)
    ├── 07-audit/               # Decision log + snapshots
    ├── 08-tree/                # Tree search artifacts
    │   ├── tree-visualization.md   # ASCII tree, updated each cycle
    │   ├── nodes/                  # One YAML per node
    │   ├── stage-transitions.log   # Stage advancement log
    │   └── best-nodes.md           # Top nodes per stage with metrics
    └── 09-writeup/             # Paper drafting workspace
        ├── draft-sections/
        └── figures/

---

STOP CONDITIONS (checked every cycle in CHECKPOINT)

1. SUCCESS

All success criteria in RQ.md satisfied AND all major findings R2-approved AND numerical validation obtained (multi-seed if computational) → Stage 5 → Final R2 review → EXIT with SYNTHESIS

2. NEGATIVE RESULT

Hypothesis definitively disproven OR data unavailable OR critical assumption falsified → EXIT with documented negative (equally valuable)

3. SERENDIPITY PIVOT

Unexpected discovery with high potential (score >= 15) → Triage via serendipity-engine.md → Create new RQ or queue. Cross-branch serendipity (pattern visible only when comparing branches) is especially valuable.

4. DIMINISHING RETURNS

cycles > 15 AND new_finding_rate < 1 per 3 cycles → WARN → Options: 3 targeted cycles, conclude, or pivot. Tree-specific: last 5 nodes all non-improving → soft-prune branch, try different approach.

5. DEAD END

All search avenues exhausted, no data, no path forward → EXIT with what was learned

6. TREE COLLAPSE — NEW

T3 fails (good/total < 0.2) AND no pending debug nodes → All branches failing. STOP → R2 emergency review → Pivot or conclude.

---

DEVIATION RULES

Situation	Category	Action
Search query typo	AUTO-FIX	Fix silently, log
Missing database in search	ADD	Add, log, continue
Minor finding	ACCUMULATE	Log, batch review at 3
Major finding	GATE	Stop → verification gates → R2
Serendipity observation	LOG+TRIAGE	Log → serendipity-engine triage
Cross-branch pattern detected	SERENDIPITY	Log → score → if >= 12: create serendipity node
Dead end on current path	PIVOT	Document → try alternative → if none: escalate
No data available	STOP	LAW 1: NO DATA = NO GO
Confidence explosion (>0.30/2cyc)	FORCED R2	Possible confirmation bias
Node buggy 3 times	PRUNE	Mark pruned, log reason, select next node
Tree health T3 fails	EMERGENCY	Stop expansion → R2 review → strategy revision
Stage gate fails	BLOCK	Fix, re-gate, then advance
Architectural change needed	ASK HUMAN	Strategic decisions need human input

---

QUALITY CHECKLISTS

Before promoting any finding:

• All claims have sources with DOI/PMID
• Confidence computed with formula (not subjective)
• Counter-evidence actively searched for
• Data availability confirmed (LAW 1)
• Reviewer 2 approved (if major)
• Assumptions documented in register
• Multiple branches explored (LAW 8)

Before advancing any stage:

• Stage gate (S1-S5) passed
• Multi-seed validation of best node (if computational)
• R2 batch review at transition
• Tree visualization updated
• Best-nodes.md updated

Before concluding any run:

• Manifest generated (params, seeds, versions, hashes)
• Report produced (summary, metrics, figures, decision)
• All artifacts exist as files (LAW 6)
• Relevant gates passed (G0-G6)

Before concluding RQ:

• All success criteria addressed
• Numerical validation obtained (LAW 1)
• Ablations completed (if computational)
• Final R2 ensemble clearance (Stage 5)
• PROGRESS.md complete
• Tree-visualization.md final snapshot
• Serendipity logged if any
• Knowledge base updated with reusable learnings

---

RUNTIME: SOLO vs TEAM

The user chooses at session start. Both runtimes follow the same OTAE-Tree architecture, the same Constitution, the same gates. The difference is how roles are distributed across context windows.

SOLO MODE (default)

All roles run inside a single Claude Code context window. This is how v3.5 worked, extended with v4.0 features.

┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
│          SINGLE CONTEXT WINDOW       │
│                                      │
│  Orchestrator (OTAE loop)            │
│  + Researcher (search, analyze)      │
│  + Reviewer 2 (simulated)           │
│  + Serendipity Scanner (simulated)   │
│  + Experiment Runner                 │
│                                      │
│  Shared files: STATE.md, TREE, etc.  │
└──────────────────────────────────────┘

Pros: Lower token cost, simpler, works everywhere, no setup needed. Cons: R2 shares researcher's context (implicit bias), serendipity scanning competes for attention, context rot on long sessions.

When to use SOLO:

• Literature-only research questions
• Short sessions (< 10 cycles)
• Token-constrained environments
• Quick exploration before committing to TEAM

TEAM MODE (opt-in)

Roles are distributed across separate Claude Code instances using Agent Teams. Each teammate has its own context window. Communication via shared files + mailbox.

Prerequisite: CLAUDE_CODE_EXPERIMENTAL_AGENT_TEAMS=1 in settings.json or environment.

┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐
│   TEAM LEAD     │────▶│   RESEARCHER    │
│   (Orchestrator)│     │   (OTAE cycles) │
│                 │     └────────┬────────┘
│  Manages tasks  │              │ writes claims
│  Synthesizes    │              ▼
│  Reports to user│     ┌─────────────────┐
│                 │◀───▶│   REVIEWER 2    │
│                 │     │   (Adversarial)  │
│                 │     │   Own context!   │
│                 │     └─────────────────┘
│                 │              ▲ challenges
│                 │              │
│                 │     ┌─────────────────┐
│                 │◀───▶│  SERENDIPITY    │
│                 │     │  (Background)    │
│                 │     │  Scans all nodes │
│                 │     └─────────────────┘
└─────────────────┘
         │
         │ (optional, for computational RQs)
         ▼
┌─────────────────┐
│  EXPERIMENTER   │
│  (Code + exec)  │
└─────────────────┘

Shared: STATE.md, CLAIM-LEDGER.md, TREE-STATE.json, PROGRESS.md, SERENDIPITY.md

Pros: R2 is genuinely adversarial (no shared bias), serendipity scans continuously, parallel exploration, no context rot. Cons: Higher token cost (~3-4x), requires Agent Teams feature, more complex coordination.

When to use TEAM:

• Computational research questions with tree search
• Long sessions (> 15 cycles expected)
• When R2 quality matters most (high-stakes findings)
• When parallel branch exploration adds value

TEAM: Teammate Roster

Teammate	Role	Spawned When	Model	Delegate Mode
researcher	Executes OTAE cycles, produces findings, writes code	Always	Sonnet (default) or Opus	No — does the work
reviewer2	Adversarial review, challenges claims, demands evidence	Always	Opus (recommended for quality)	No — reviews the work
serendipity	Background scanner, cross-branch patterns, contradiction hunting	Always	Haiku (cost-efficient continuous scan)	No — scans and flags
experimenter	Code generation, execution, metric parsing (computational RQs only)	If tree mode = BRANCHING or HYBRID	Sonnet	No — runs experiments

The Team Lead runs in delegate mode (Shift+Tab): it only coordinates, assigns tasks, synthesizes. It does NOT do research itself.

TEAM: How Teammates Interact

RESEARCHER produces a finding:
  1. Writes claim to CLAIM-LEDGER.md
  2. Messages reviewer2: "New major claim C-012. Review requested."

REVIEWER2 reviews:
  1. Reads CLAIM-LEDGER.md (fresh context — no researcher bias!)
  2. Checks evidence, searches for counter-evidence independently
  3. Messages researcher: "C-012 CHALLENGED. Demand: provide counter-evidence from 2 sources."
  4. Updates 05-reviewer2/ with review file

SERENDIPITY scans (continuous background loop):
  1. Reads TREE-STATE.json every N seconds
  2. Compares branches for cross-branch patterns
  3. Reads CLAIM-LEDGER.md for contradictions
  4. If flag found → messages lead: "Serendipity score 13 on cross-branch pattern between node-005 and node-011"
  5. Lead decides: create serendipity node or queue

EXPERIMENTER (if active):
  1. Receives task from lead: "Run ablation removing component X"
  2. Generates code, executes, parses metrics
  3. Writes results to 08-tree/nodes/
  4. Messages researcher: "Ablation complete. Accuracy dropped 12%. Component X is critical."

TEAM: Phase 0 Brainstorm Distribution

In TEAM mode, Phase 0 is distributed:

Step	Who	What
UNDERSTAND	Lead + User	Lead asks the user, shares context with all
LANDSCAPE	researcher	Rapid literature scan
GAPS	researcher + serendipity	Both hunt for gaps from different angles
DATA	researcher	Data audit via GEO, CellxGene, etc.
HYPOTHESES	researcher	Generates hypotheses
TRIAGE	lead	Synthesizes, scores, presents to user
R2 REVIEW	reviewer2	Reviews brainstorm output — genuinely independent!
COMMIT	lead + user	Final decision

TEAM: Quality Hooks

Map Agent Teams hooks to Vibe Science gates:

// In .claude/hooks.json (project-level)
{
  "hooks": {
    "TeammateIdle": [
      {
        "command": "check if teammate has pending tasks in .vibe-science/STATE.md"
      }
    ],
    "TaskCompleted": [
      {
        "command": "verify gate passed before marking task complete"
      }
    ]
  }
}

TEAM: Shutdown Protocol

When RQ concludes (Stage 5 complete):
1. Lead asks researcher to finalize PROGRESS.md and CLAIM-LEDGER.md
2. Lead asks reviewer2 for final ensemble review
3. Lead asks serendipity for final cross-branch report
4. All teammates shut down gracefully
5. Lead runs team cleanup
6. Lead presents synthesis to user

TEAM: Fallback to SOLO

If Agent Teams crashes, teammates die, or token budget runs out:

1. All state is in shared files (LAW 7) — nothing is lost
2. Lead (or user in new session) reads STATE.md
3. Continue in SOLO mode seamlessly
4. R2 reverts to simulated-in-context mode

This is why LAW 7 (Fresh Context Resilience) is critical: the system works regardless of runtime.

---

INTEGRATION WITH SCIENTIFIC SKILLS (MCP)

Vibe Science is the orchestrator. It does NOT execute pipelines directly — it dispatches to specialist skills.

Dispatch Protocol

1. Identify task type
2. Call find_helpful_skills(task_description)
3. Read relevant skill document
4. Execute following skill's workflow
5. Capture output into .vibe-science/ structure (including tree node if branching)
6. Apply relevant gate
7. Log in PROGRESS.md and decision-log

Key Skill Categories

Task	Dispatch to	Vibe Gate
Scientific brainstorming	scientific-brainstorming + hypothesis-generation skills	B0
Dataset discovery	geo-database, cellxgene-census, openalex-database skills	B0
Literature search	pubmed, openalex, biorxiv skills	L0
scRNA-seq QC	scanpy skill	G0-G1
Batch integration	scvi-tools skill	G2-G3
Clustering/DE	scanpy, pydeseq2 skills	G4
Visualization	scientific-visualization skill	G5, G6
Database queries	GEO, Ensembl, UniProt, KEGG skills	varies
ML experiments	pytorch-lightning, scikit-learn skills	G3-G4
Statistical analysis	statsmodels, statistical-analysis skills	G4
Report generation	internal (templates.md)	G5

Internal (no dispatch):

Claim extraction, confidence scoring, reviewer ensemble, gate checking, obs normalization, decision logging, tree management, node selection, stage transitions, serendipity triage, run comparison

---

BUNDLED RESOURCES (Progressive Disclosure)

Load ONLY when needed. Never load all at once.

Resource	Path	When to Load
Brainstorm Engine	protocols/brainstorm-engine.md	Phase 0 (session init, before OTAE)
Agent Teams Protocol	protocols/agent-teams.md	Session init if TEAM mode chosen
OTAE Loop details	protocols/loop-otae.md	First cycle or complex routing
Tree Search Protocol	protocols/tree-search.md	THINK-experiment / tree mode init
Experiment Manager	protocols/experiment-manager.md	Stage transitions, planning
Auto-Experiment	protocols/auto-experiment.md	ACT-experiment (code gen + exec)
VLM Gate Protocol	protocols/vlm-gate.md	EVALUATE-vlm (figure analysis)
Evidence Engine	protocols/evidence-engine.md	EVALUATE phase (claims, confidence)
Reviewer 2 Ensemble	protocols/reviewer2-ensemble.md	CHECKPOINT-r2
Search Protocol	protocols/search-protocol.md	ACT-search phase
Analysis Orchestrator	protocols/analysis-orchestrator.md	ACT-analyze / ACT-compute
Serendipity Engine	protocols/serendipity-engine.md	THINK-brainstorm / CHECKPOINT-serendipity
Knowledge Base	protocols/knowledge-base.md	Session init / RQ conclusion
Data Extraction	protocols/data-extraction.md	ACT-extract
Audit & Reproducibility	protocols/audit-reproducibility.md	Run manifests, provenance
Writeup Engine	protocols/writeup-engine.md	Stage 5, paper drafting
All Gates	gates/gates.md	EVALUATE phase (gate application)
Obs Normalizer	assets/obs-normalizer.md	ACT-analyze (scRNA data)
Node Schema	assets/node-schema.md	Tree mode init, node creation
Stage Prompts	assets/stage-prompts.md	Stage-specific node generation
Metric Parser	assets/metric-parser.md	ACT-experiment (metric extraction)
Templates	assets/templates.md	CRYSTALLIZE / session init
Skill Router	assets/skill-router.md	ACT-* phases (tool dispatch)