verb-conjugations

name	verb-conjugations
description	Full conjugation table specification for verb and i-adjective entries. Covers JSON structure, form categories, and generation rules for all verb classes and i-adjectives.

Verb Conjugation Tables

Every verb entry includes a conjugation field containing the full set of conjugated forms, hard-coded directly in the JSON. This makes the data self-contained and usable without any generation logic.

JSON Structure

"conjugation": {
  "type": "godan",
  "forms": [
    {"label": "Present", "affirmative": "{読|よ}む", "negative": "{読|よ}まない"},
    {"label": "Present polite", "affirmative": "{読|よ}みます", "negative": "{読|よ}みません"},
    {"label": "Past", "affirmative": "{読|よ}んだ", "negative": "{読|よ}まなかった"},
    ...
  ]
}

• type: One of godan, ichidan, suru, kuru, aru
• forms: Array of objects, each with label, affirmative, and negative (null for forms without a negative, like volitional)

Form Categories (17 rows for most verbs)

The standard conjugation table includes these forms in order:

#	Label	Example (godan む)
1	Present	{読
2	Present polite	{読
3	Past	{読
4	Past polite	{読
5	て form	{読
6	ている present	{読
7	ている polite	{読
8	ている past	{読
9	ている past polite	{読
10	Conditional ば	{読
11	Conditional たら	{読
12	Volitional	{読
13	Volitional polite	{読
14	Potential	{読
15	Passive	{読
16	Causative	{読
17	Imperative	{読

Exceptions:

• ある has only 7 forms (Present through Conditional たら — no potential, passive, causative, etc.)
• Verbs whose headword is already in passive form should omit the Passive row

Godan Verb Conjugation Bases

Ending	a-dan	i-dan	e-dan	o-dan	て/た
う	わ	い	え	お	って/った
く	か	き	け	こ	いて/いた
ぐ	が	ぎ	げ	ご	いで/いだ
す	さ	し	せ	そ	して/した
つ	た	ち	て	と	って/った
ぬ	な	に	ね	の	んで/んだ
ぶ	ば	び	べ	ぼ	んで/んだ
む	ま	み	め	も	んで/んだ
る	ら	り	れ	ろ	って/った

Special case: 行く conjugates て form as 行って (not 行いて).

Ichidan Verbs

Stem = headword minus final る. All suffixes attach directly to stem.

する Compound Verbs

Prefix = everything before する (e.g., {勉強|べんきょう} for {勉強|べんきょう}する). If headword doesn't include する (e.g., がっかり), the entire headword is the prefix.

来る Verbs

The kanji 来 takes different readings in different forms:

• く: Present, Conditional ば, Imperative negative
• き: Polite forms, Past, て form, ている forms, Conditional たら, Volitional polite
• こ: Negative forms, Volitional, Potential, Passive, Causative, Imperative affirmative

Adding Conjugation to New Entries

When creating a new verb entry, include the full conjugation field with all forms. You can use build/add_conjugations.py to generate conjugation data automatically:

# After creating the entry without conjugation:
python3 build/add_conjugations.py --start <id_number> --end <id_number>

Or include the conjugation field directly when writing the entry JSON, following the patterns above.

Bulk Operations

To add conjugation to all verbs that don't have it yet:

python3 build/add_conjugations.py           # Process all verbs
python3 build/add_conjugations.py --dry-run # Preview without writing
python3 build/add_conjugations.py --force   # Overwrite existing conjugation data

I-Adjective Conjugation

I-adjectives also use the same conjugation JSON structure with 6 forms (Present, Past, て form, Adverbial, Conditional ば, Conditional たら). Type values are i-adjective (regular) or ii (いい and its compounds, which conjugate with よ- stem).

python3 build/add_adjective_conjugations.py           # Process all i-adjectives
python3 build/add_adjective_conjugations.py --dry-run # Preview without writing
python3 build/add_adjective_conjugations.py --force   # Overwrite existing