secret-management-patterns

name	secret-management-patterns
description	HashiCorp Vault, cloud secret managers, rotation strategies, and zero-trust secret access

Secret Management Patterns

Environment Variables (Baseline)

// envalid ile startup validation
import { cleanEnv, str, url } from 'envalid'

const env = cleanEnv(process.env, {
  DATABASE_URL: url(),
  JWT_SECRET: str({ desc: 'Min 32 chars' }),
  STRIPE_SECRET_KEY: str(),
  REDIS_URL: url({ default: 'redis://localhost:6379' })
})
// App başlarken validation fail ederse crash (fail-fast)

Cloud Secret Managers

// AWS Secrets Manager
import { SecretsManagerClient, GetSecretValueCommand } from '@aws-sdk/client-secrets-manager'
const client = new SecretsManagerClient({ region: 'eu-west-1' })
const secret = await client.send(new GetSecretValueCommand({ SecretId: 'prod/db-credentials' }))

// GCP Secret Manager
import { SecretManagerServiceClient } from '@google-cloud/secret-manager'
const client = new SecretManagerServiceClient()
const [version] = await client.accessSecretVersion({ name: 'projects/123/secrets/db-pass/versions/latest' })

Secret Rotation

1. Yeni secret oluştur
2. Dual-accept: eski + yeni kabul et
3. Tüm consumer'ları yeniye geçir
4. Eski secret'ı deaktif et
5. Grace period sonrası sil

CI/CD Secret Handling

# GitHub Actions - OIDC (secret'sız cloud erişimi)
- uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
  with:
    role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::123:role/deploy
    aws-region: eu-west-1

# ASLA: secret'ı env'e yazdırma
- run: echo ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}  # YANLIS!

Secret Detection

# Pre-commit hook
pip install detect-secrets
detect-secrets scan --baseline .secrets.baseline

# CI'da
trufflehog git file://. --since-commit HEAD~1 --only-verified
gitleaks detect --source . --verbose

Checklist

• Secret hardcoded DEĞİL
• .env .gitignore'da
• .env.example placeholder ile committed
• Secret rotation planı var
• CI'da secret scanning aktif
• Secret'lar least-privilege erişim
• Audit log: kim ne zaman erişti
• Pre-commit hook: detect-secrets

Anti-Patterns

• Secret'ı log'a yazdırma
• Secret'ı URL query param'da gönderme
• Tek secret tüm environment'larda
• Rotation planı olmadan production secret
• Secret'ı client-side code'a gömme