implementing-velociraptor-for-ir-collection

Deploy and configure Velociraptor for scalable endpoint forensic artifact collection during incident response using VQL queries, hunts, and pre-built artifact packs across Windows, Linux, and macOS environments.

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name	implementing-velociraptor-for-ir-collection
description	Deploy and configure Velociraptor for scalable endpoint forensic artifact collection during incident response using VQL queries, hunts, and pre-built artifact packs across Windows, Linux, and macOS environments.
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	incident-response
tags	["velociraptor","dfir","endpoint-collection","vql","forensic-artifacts","rapid7","threat-hunting","incident-response"]
mitre_attack	["T1059","T1003","T1070","T1547"]
version	1.0
author	mahipal
license	Apache-2.0
d3fend_techniques	["Executable Denylisting","Execution Isolation","File Metadata Consistency Validation","Content Format Conversion","File Content Analysis"]
nist_csf	["RS.MA-01","RS.MA-02","RS.AN-03","RC.RP-01"]

Implementing Velociraptor for IR Collection

Overview

Velociraptor is an advanced open-source endpoint monitoring, digital forensics, and incident response platform developed by Rapid7. It uses the Velociraptor Query Language (VQL) to create custom artifacts that collect, query, and monitor almost any aspect of an endpoint. Velociraptor enables incident response teams to rapidly collect and examine forensic artifacts from across a network, supporting large-scale deployments with minimal performance impact. The client-server architecture with Fleetspeak communication enables real-time data collection from thousands of endpoints simultaneously, with offline endpoints picking up hunts when they reconnect.

When to Use

When deploying or configuring implementing velociraptor for ir collection capabilities in your environment
When establishing security controls aligned to compliance requirements
When building or improving security architecture for this domain
When conducting security assessments that require this implementation

Prerequisites

Familiarity with incident response concepts and tools
Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
Appropriate authorization for any testing activities

Architecture

Components

Velociraptor Server: Central management console with web UI and API
Velociraptor Client (Agent): Lightweight agent deployed to endpoints
Fleetspeak: Communication framework between client and server
VQL Engine: Query language engine for artifact collection
Filestore: Server-side storage for collected artifacts
Datastore: Metadata storage for hunts, flows, and client information

Supported Platforms

Windows (7+, Server 2008R2+)
Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL)
macOS (10.13+)

Deployment

Server Installation

# Download latest release
wget https://github.com/Velocidex/velociraptor/releases/latest/download/velociraptor-linux-amd64

# Generate server configuration
./velociraptor-linux-amd64 config generate -i

# Start the server
./velociraptor-linux-amd64 --config server.config.yaml frontend

# Or run as systemd service
sudo  velociraptor-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/velociraptor
 velociraptor --config /etc/velociraptor/server.config.yaml service install

# Repack client MSI for Windows deployment
velociraptor --config server.config.yaml config client > client.config.yaml
velociraptor config repack --msi velociraptor-windows-amd64.msi client.config.yaml output.msi

# Deploy via Group Policy, SCCM, or Intune
# Client runs as a Windows service: "Velociraptor"

# Linux client deployment
velociraptor --config client.config.yaml client -v

# macOS client deployment
velociraptor --config client.config.yaml client -v

docker run --name velociraptor \
  -v /opt/velociraptor:/velociraptor/data \
  -p 8000:8000 -p 8001:8001 -p 8889:8889 \
  velocidex/velociraptor

-- Collect Windows Event Logs
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.EventLogs.EvtxHunter(
  EvtxGlob="C:/Windows/System32/winevt/Logs/*.evtx",
  IDRegex="4624|4625|4648|4672|4688|4698|4769|7045"
)

-- Collect Prefetch files for execution evidence
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Forensics.Prefetch()

-- Collect Shimcache entries
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Registry.AppCompatCache()

-- Collect Amcache entries
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Forensics.Amcache()

-- Collect UserAssist data
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Forensics.UserAssist()

-- Collect NTFS MFT timestamps
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.NTFS.MFT(
  MFTFilename="C:/$MFT",
  FileRegex=".(exe|dll|ps1|bat|cmd)$"
)

-- Collect scheduled tasks
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.System.TaskScheduler()

-- Collect running processes with hashes
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.System.Pslist()

-- Collect network connections
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Network.Netstat()

-- Collect DNS cache
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Network.DNSCache()

-- Collect browser history
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Applications.Chrome.History()

-- Collect PowerShell history
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Forensics.PowerShellHistory()

-- Collect autoruns/persistence
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Persistence.PermanentWMIEvents()
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.System.Services()
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.System.StartupItems()

-- Collect auth logs
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Linux.Sys.AuthLogs()

-- Collect bash history
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Linux.Forensics.BashHistory()

-- Collect crontab entries
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Linux.Sys.Crontab()

-- Collect running processes
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Linux.Sys.Pslist()

-- Collect network connections
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Linux.Network.Netstat()

-- Collect SSH authorized keys
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Linux.Ssh.AuthorizedKeys()

-- Collect systemd services
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Linux.Services()

-- Windows Triage Collection artifact
-- Collects event logs, prefetch, registry, browser data, and more
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.KapeFiles.Targets(
  Device="C:",
  _AllFiles=FALSE,
  _EventLogs=TRUE,
  _Prefetch=TRUE,
  _RegistryHives=TRUE,
  _WebBrowsers=TRUE,
  _WindowsTimeline=TRUE
)

1. Navigate to Hunt Manager in Velociraptor Web UI
2. Click "New Hunt"
3. Configure:
   - Description: "IR Triage - Case 2025-001"
   - Include/Exclude labels for targeting
   - Artifact selection (e.g., Windows.Forensics.Prefetch)
   - Resource limits (CPU, IOPS, timeout)
4. Launch hunt
5. Monitor progress in real-time

-- Hunt for specific file hash across all endpoints
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Generic.Detection.HashHunter(
  Hashes="e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03"
)

-- Hunt for YARA signatures in memory
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Detection.Yara.Process(
  YaraRule='rule malware { strings: $s1 = "malicious_string" condition: $s1 }'
)

-- Hunt for Sigma rule matches in event logs
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Server.Import.SigmaRules()

-- Hunt for suspicious scheduled tasks
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.System.TaskScheduler()
WHERE Command =~ "powershell|cmd|wscript|mshta|rundll32"

-- Hunt for processes with network connections to suspicious IPs
SELECT * FROM Artifact.Windows.Network.Netstat()
WHERE RemoteAddr =~ "10\\.13\\.37\\."

-- Monitor for new process creation
SELECT * FROM watch_etw(guid="{22fb2cd6-0e7b-422b-a0c7-2fad1fd0e716}")
WHERE EventData.ImageName =~ "powershell|cmd|wscript"

-- Monitor file system changes
SELECT * FROM watch_directory(path="C:/Windows/Temp/")

-- Monitor registry changes
SELECT * FROM watch_registry(key="HKLM/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Run/**")

Velociraptor Server --> Elastic/OpenSearch --> Splunk HEC
                   --> Direct syslog forwarding
                   --> Velociraptor API --> Custom scripts --> Splunk

# Velociraptor server config for Elastic output
Monitoring:
  elastic:
    addresses:
      - https://elastic.local:9200
    username: velociraptor
    password: secure_password
    index: velociraptor

Technique	VQL Artifact
T1059 - Command Scripting	Windows.EventLogs.EvtxHunter (4104, 4688)
T1053 - Scheduled Task	Windows.System.TaskScheduler
T1547 - Boot/Logon Autostart	Windows.Persistence.PermanentWMIEvents
T1003 - OS Credential Dumping	Windows.Detection.Yara.Process
T1021 - Remote Services	Windows.EventLogs.EvtxHunter (4624 Type 3/10)
T1070 - Indicator Removal	Windows.EventLogs.Cleared