plotly

name	plotly
description	Plotly interactive visualization. Express and Graph Objects: scatter, line, bar, heatmap, 3D, geographic charts; subplots; styling; export. Use when interactivity (hover/zoom) is needed. For static figures use plotnine; for GIS use geopandas.
metadata	{"audience":"research-coders","domain":"python-library","library-version":"6.x","skill-last-updated":"2026-03-28"}

Plotly Skill

Plotly interactive visualization library for Python. Covers Plotly Express and Graph Objects for scatter, line, bar, histogram, box, heatmap, 3D, and geographic charts; subplots and faceting; styling; and HTML/image export. Use when creating interactive visualizations with hover/zoom/pan, building web-based charts, or producing geographic or 3D plots. Prefer over plotnine when interactivity is required; for spatial analysis, projections, or GIS-style mapping, use geopandas.

Quick reference for creating interactive data visualizations with Plotly, featuring both the high-level Plotly Express API and low-level Graph Objects.

What is Plotly?

Plotly is an interactive visualization library for Python:

• Interactive: Hover, zoom, pan, and select built-in
• Two APIs: Plotly Express (simple) and Graph Objects (flexible)
• Web-based: Renders as HTML/JavaScript, works in notebooks and browsers
• Wide chart support: 40+ chart types including statistical, scientific, financial, and geographic

How to Use This Skill

Reference File Structure

File	Purpose	When to Read
quickstart.md	Installation, imports, px vs go	Starting out
charts.md	Scatter, line, bar, histogram, box	Creating visualizations
subplots-facets.md	Multi-panel layouts, faceting	Multiple charts together
styling.md	Templates, colors, layout	Customizing appearance
export.md	HTML, images, JSON	Saving and sharing
gotchas.md	Common errors, best practices	Debugging

Quick Decision Trees

"I need to create a chart"

What kind of chart?
├─ Scatter plot → ./references/charts.md
├─ Line chart → ./references/charts.md
├─ Bar chart → ./references/charts.md
├─ Histogram → ./references/charts.md
├─ Box/Violin plot → ./references/charts.md
├─ Heatmap → ./references/charts.md
├─ 3D/Maps/Financial → ./references/charts.md (Other Chart Types)
└─ Not sure → ./references/quickstart.md

"I need multiple charts"

Multiple panels?
├─ Same chart, split by category → ./references/subplots-facets.md (faceting)
├─ Different charts in grid → ./references/subplots-facets.md (make_subplots)
├─ Shared axes → ./references/subplots-facets.md
└─ Secondary y-axis → ./references/subplots-facets.md

"I need to customize appearance"

What to customize?
├─ Overall theme → ./references/styling.md (templates)
├─ Colors → ./references/styling.md
├─ Titles/labels → ./references/styling.md
├─ Axes → ./references/styling.md
├─ Legend → ./references/styling.md
└─ Hover info → ./references/styling.md

"I need to save/export"

Export format?
├─ Interactive HTML → ./references/export.md
├─ Static image (PNG/SVG/PDF) → ./references/export.md
├─ JSON for API → ./references/export.md
└─ Embed in webpage → ./references/export.md

"Something isn't working"

Common issues?
├─ Figure not showing → ./references/gotchas.md
├─ Image export fails → ./references/gotchas.md
├─ Performance issues → ./references/gotchas.md
├─ px vs go confusion → ./references/gotchas.md
└─ Column/data errors → ./references/gotchas.md

File-First Execution in Research Workflows

Important: In data research pipelines (see CLAUDE.md), all visualizations are generated through script files in scripts/stage8_analysis/, not interactively. This ensures auditability and reproducibility.

The pattern:

1. Write plot code FIRST to scripts/stage8_analysis/{step}_{plot-name}.py
2. Execute via Bash with automatic output capture wrapper script
3. Validation results get automatically embedded in scripts as comments
4. If failed, create versioned copy for fixes

Closely read agent_reference/SCRIPT_EXECUTION_REFERENCE.md for the mandatory file-first execution protocol covering complete code file writing, output capture, and file versioning rules.

See:

• agent_reference/WORKFLOW_PHASE4_ANALYSIS.md — Stage 8 (Analysis & Visualization)

The examples below show Plotly syntax. In research workflows, wrap them in scripts following the file-first pattern.

---

Quick Reference

Essential Imports

import plotly.express as px          # High-level API
import plotly.graph_objects as go    # Low-level API
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots  # For subplots
import plotly.io as pio              # For export/config

Plotly Express Pattern

import plotly.express as px

fig = px.scatter(df, x="col_x", y="col_y", color="category")
fig.show()

Graph Objects Pattern

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=x_data, y=y_data, mode="markers"))
fig.update_layout(title="My Plot")
fig.show()

Common px Functions

Function	Chart Type
px.scatter()	Scatter plot
px.line()	Line chart
px.bar()	Bar chart
px.histogram()	Histogram
px.box()	Box plot
px.violin()	Violin plot
px.imshow()	Heatmap/Image
px.pie()	Pie chart

Common go Trace Types

Trace	Use Case
go.Scatter	Points, lines, or both
go.Bar	Bar charts
go.Histogram	Histograms
go.Box	Box plots
go.Heatmap	Heatmaps
go.Pie	Pie charts

Saving Plots

# Interactive HTML
fig.write_html("plot.html")

# Static image export (PNG/SVG/PDF) is NOT available in DAAF — kaleido is not
# installed due to its heavy Chromium dependency. Use plotnine for static figures.
# For interactive output, use HTML:
# fig.write_image("plot.png")  # Would require: pip install kaleido + Chromium

Topic Index

Topic	Reference File
Installation	./references/quickstart.md
px vs go	./references/quickstart.md
Built-in datasets	./references/quickstart.md
Scatter plots	./references/charts.md
Line charts	./references/charts.md
Bar charts	./references/charts.md
Histograms	./references/charts.md
Box plots	./references/charts.md
Other chart types	./references/charts.md
Faceting	./references/subplots-facets.md
make_subplots	./references/subplots-facets.md
Templates/Themes	./references/styling.md
Colors	./references/styling.md
Layout customization	./references/styling.md
Hover customization	./references/styling.md
HTML export	./references/export.md
Image export	./references/export.md
JSON export	./references/export.md
Common errors	./references/gotchas.md
Performance	./references/gotchas.md
Best practices	./references/gotchas.md

Citation

When this library is used as a primary analytical tool, include in the report's Software & Tools references:

Plotly Technologies Inc. Plotly: Interactive graphing library [Computer software]. https://plotly.com/

Cite when: Plotly is the primary visualization library producing interactive figures included in the report or notebook. Do not cite when: Only used for quick exploratory plots not included in deliverables.