| name | T0889_modify-program |
| description | Adversaries may modify or add a program on a controller to affect how it interacts with the physical process, peripheral devices and other hosts on the network. |
| category | configuration |
| version | 18.1 |
| author | cyberstrike-official |
| tags | ["mitre-attack","ics","t0889","persistence"] |
| technique_id | T0889 |
| tactic | persistence |
| all_tactics | ["persistence"] |
| platforms | ["ICS"] |
| mitre_url | https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0889 |
| tech_stack | ["ics"] |
| cwe_ids | ["CWE-276"] |
| chains_with | [] |
| prerequisites | [] |
| severity_boost | {} |
T0889 Modify Program
High-Level Description
Adversaries may modify or add a program on a controller to affect how it interacts with the physical process, peripheral devices and other hosts on the network. Modification to controller programs can be accomplished using a Program Download in addition to other types of program modification such as online edit and program append.
Program modification encompasses the addition and modification of instructions and logic contained in Program Organization Units (POU) and similar programming elements found on controllers. This can include, for example, adding new functions to a controller, modifying the logic in existing functions and making new calls from one function to another.
Some programs may allow an adversary to interact directly with the native API of the controller to take advantage of obscure features or vulnerabilities.
Kill Chain Phase
Platforms: ICS
What to Check
How to Test
Identify Attack Surface
Determine if the target ICS/SCADA environment is susceptible to Modify Program by examining operational technology systems and network architecture.
Assess Existing Defenses
Review whether mitigations for T0889 are in place. If defenses are absent or misconfigured, this technique may be exploitable in the ICS environment.
Remediation Guide
M0947 Audit
Provide the ability to verify the integrity of control logic or programs loaded on a controller. While techniques like CRCs and checksums are commonly used, they are not cryptographically strong and can be vulnerable to collisions. Preferably cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3) should be used.
M0945 Code Signing
Utilize code signatures to verify the integrity and authenticity of programs installed on safety or control assets.
M0800 Authorization Enforcement
All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.
M0804 Human User Authentication
All field controllers should require users to authenticate for all remote or local management sessions. The authentication mechanisms should also support Account Use Policies, Password Policies, and User Account Management.
