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macOS post-exploitation for credential harvesting, DTrace monitoring, TCC bypass, and stealth operations via native tools
Windows userland post-exploitation for credential harvesting, monitoring, AMSI/ETW bypass, and stealth operations
Kubernetes post-exploitation for container escape, secret extraction, RBAC abuse, and cluster persistence
Mostrando SKILL.md
Basado en la clasificación ocupacional SOC
| name | T1555.001_keychain |
| description | Adversaries may acquire credentials from Keychain. |
| category | authentication |
| version | 18.1 |
| author | cyberstrike-official |
| tags | ["mitre-attack","enterprise","t1555.001","credential-access","macos","sub-technique"] |
| technique_id | T1555.001 |
| tactic | credential-access |
| all_tactics | ["credential-access"] |
| platforms | ["macOS"] |
| mitre_url | https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/001 |
| tech_stack | ["macos"] |
| cwe_ids | ["CWE-522"] |
| chains_with | ["T1555","T1555.002","T1555.003","T1555.004","T1555.005","T1555.006"] |
| prerequisites | ["T1555"] |
| severity_boost | {"T1555":"Chain with T1555 for deeper attack path","T1555.002":"Chain with T1555.002 for deeper attack path","T1555.003":"Chain with T1555.003 for deeper attack path"} |
Sub-technique of: T1555
Adversaries may acquire credentials from Keychain. Keychain (or Keychain Services) is the macOS credential management system that stores account names, passwords, private keys, certificates, sensitive application data, payment data, and secure notes. There are three types of Keychains: Login Keychain, System Keychain, and Local Items (iCloud) Keychain. The default Keychain is the Login Keychain, which stores user passwords and information. The System Keychain stores items accessed by the operating system, such as items shared among users on a host. The Local Items (iCloud) Keychain is used for items synced with Apple’s iCloud service.
Keychains can be viewed and edited through the Keychain Access application or using the command-line utility security. Keychain files are located in ~/Library/Keychains/, /Library/Keychains/, and /Network/Library/Keychains/.
Adversaries may gather user credentials from Keychain storage/memory. For example, the command security dump-keychain –d will dump all Login Keychain credentials from /Library/Keychains/login.keychain-db/Library/Keychains/login.keychain file. Both methods require a password, where the default password for the Login Keychain is the current user’s password to login to the macOS host.
Platforms: macOS
The following tests are from Atomic Red Team and provide actionable ways to test this technique:
This command will dump keychain credential information from login.keychain. Source: https://www.loobins.io/binaries/security/
~/Library/Keychains/ /Library/Keychains/ /Network/Library/Keychains/ Security Reference
Supported Platforms: macos Elevation Required: Yes
sudo security dump-keychain -d login.keychain
This command finds all certificate items and sends the output to local file in pem format.
Supported Platforms: macos
security find-certificate -a -p > #{cert_export}
This command will import a certificate pem file into a keychain.
Supported Platforms: macos
security import #{cert_export} -k
This command will copy the keychain using the cat utility in a manner similar to Atomic Stealer.
Supported Platforms: macos
cat ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain-db > #{keychain_export}
If Atomic Red Team tests are not applicable, manually verify the technique by:
Identify Attack Surface: Determine if the target environment is susceptible to Keychain by examining the target platforms (macOS).
Assess Existing Defenses: Review whether mitigations for T1555.001 are in place. If defenses are absent or misconfigured, this technique may be exploitable.
Execute Test: Use tools and methods described in the MITRE ATT&CK page and external references below.
The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.
| Finding | Severity | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Keychain technique applicable | High | Credential Access |
| CWE ID | Title |
|---|---|
| CWE-522 | Insufficiently Protected Credentials |