| name | write-migration |
| description | Migrate an API or upgrade a framework / language / library version across the codebase. ALWAYS apply this skill when the user asks to upgrade, migrate, port, or transition between API versions, framework majors, or language versions — including breaking-change adoption and codemod-driven sweeps. Do not change unrelated behaviour, skip wave-by-wave validation, or remove a shim without verifiable callsite coverage proof. Skip this skill for behaviour-preserving refactors of internals at a single API version, or implementing net-new features against a fresh spec at the new API version. |
Skill: write-migration
Purpose
Migrations fail in two characteristic ways: the codebase ends up in a half-migrated state where some callsites use the old API and some use the new one indefinitely, or the migration "completes" with old-API callsites still lurking in dynamic dispatch, generated code, or string-based lookups the grep didn't catch. This skill is the discipline that prevents both.
A migration moves the implementation from API A to API B (framework upgrade, language version bump, library replacement). Behaviour at the surface is preserved; the implementation moves. Anything that also changes behaviour is a separate task — promote it.
Project context (the AGENTS.md contract)
Resolves project commands via the consuming repo's AGENTS.md — Commands > Validation (run after every wave; never let two waves' worth of breakage accumulate), Commands > Test. An optional dep-validation command (architectural-rules check) is not in the standard contract; ask the user if the project uses one. If AGENTS.md is missing or an entry is undefined, ask the user which command to run before proceeding — do not guess.
Core rules
1. Surface-level behaviour is preserved
The test suite passes before, during (at every wave checkpoint), and after. Behaviour at the surface — what callers observe — does not change. The implementation moves; the contract doesn't. If a test fails after a wave, investigate before "fixing" the test.
2. Plan in waves
Break the migration into waves. The codebase must compile and pass tests after each wave, not only at the end. A wave is the smallest atomic change that leaves the codebase functional. Document the waves up front; don't discover them mid-migration.
3. Validate after every wave
Run the project's validation command and test command at the end of every wave. Per-wave validation catches drift early; final-only validation lets drift accumulate across waves until untangling becomes its own project.
4. Each file migrated individually
No bulk codemods, no sed over hundreds of files in one commit, no shell loops over files. Bulk operations hide subtle context-specific deviations (a callsite uses the API in an unusual way; the codemod's fixed substitution silently breaks it). Each file is reviewed and migrated deliberately.
5. Track callsite coverage explicitly
Count the callsites of the old API up front; track per wave how many are migrated and how many remain. The migration is not done until the count of remaining old-API callsites (outside of explicit shims) is zero. Grep the whole codebase, not just the modules the migration was scoped to.
6. Document every shim
A compatibility shim lets old callers keep working while the migration proceeds. Every shim has:
- A shim path (where it lives)
- A forward target (what it forwards to)
- A removable-when criterion (verifiable; e.g.,
git grep -c '<old-API>' src/ returns 0)
A shim without a removal criterion is permanent. Permanent shims are the migration's lasting cost; the criterion is the contract that prevents it.
7. Search beyond grep
Static text-search misses dynamic dispatch, string-based lookups, generated code, and reflection. After grep, audit explicitly:
- Dynamic-dispatch sites (interface implementations, virtual methods)
- String-based references (registry lookups, dependency injection by name)
- Generated code (build outputs, codegen templates)
- Test fixtures and snapshots
Paste the audit results into ## Self-review.
8. Promote out-of-scope findings
Anything you discover that's not on the migration plan's list gets promoted to an audit, not silently fixed. "While I'm migrating" semantic changes destroy the migration's reviewability.
What does not belong
- In a migration: behavioural drift bundled with the surface change. If the new API behaves differently and that's intentional, the divergence is a separate spec/task.
- In
## Findings: durable architectural concerns not promoted upstream.
Anti-patterns
- Bulk codemods touching hundreds of files in one commit
- Skipping per-wave validation; running it only at the end
- Declaring the migration done with old-API callsites still present (outside of explicitly-tracked shims)
- Shims without removal criteria
- "While I'm migrating" semantic changes
- Trusting grep alone — dynamic dispatch and string lookups are not text-searchable
- Wave plans drawn up after the migration started
Bundled resources
references/task-template.md — a fillable migration-task template with source/target, wave plan, compatibility shims, callsite tracker, per-wave validation slots, and a self-review hard gate covering wave integrity, callsite coverage, shim hygiene, and final state.
Substitute the {{...}} placeholders and fill in as you work.
