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Generate architecture diagrams with draw.io in headless/server environments (WSL2, VPS, Docker)
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| name | drawio-headless |
| description | Generate architecture diagrams with draw.io in headless/server environments (WSL2, VPS, Docker) |
| version | 1.0.0 |
| dependencies | ["draw.io desktop (snap or .deb)","xvfb (X virtual framebuffer)"] |
| platforms | ["linux"] |
| tags | ["diagrams","architecture","visualization","headless","wsl2"] |
| origin | unknown |
| source_license | see upstream |
| language | en |
Generate professional architecture diagrams from .drawio XML files in headless environments (WSL2, VPS, Docker) where GUI is not available.
Required packages:
# Install draw.io (snap - easiest)
sudo snap install drawio
# Install Xvfb (virtual framebuffer for headless rendering)
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y xvfb
Alternative: .deb package
# Download latest .deb
wget https://github.com/jgraph/drawio-desktop/releases/download/v28.2.5/drawio-amd64-28.2.5.deb
# Install
sudo dpkg -i drawio-amd64-28.2.5.deb
sudo apt-get install -f # Fix dependencies
# Check draw.io installation
which drawio
# Expected: /snap/bin/drawio or /usr/bin/drawio
# Test with xvfb-run
xvfb-run -a drawio --version
# Expected: draw.io version number (e.g., 28.2.5)
# Export .drawio to PNG
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f png -o output.png input.drawio
# Export to SVG
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f svg -o output.svg input.drawio
# Export to PDF
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f pdf -o output.pdf input.drawio
xvfb-run -a — Run in virtual framebuffer (headless)-x — Export mode-f <format> — Output format (png, svg, pdf, jpg)-o <output> — Output file path<input> — Input .drawio fileProblem: Snap-installed draw.io cannot access /tmp or arbitrary directories due to confinement.
Solution: Use home directory or snap-accessible paths:
# ❌ FAILS (snap cannot access /tmp)
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f png -o /tmp/diagram.png /tmp/input.drawio
# ✅ WORKS (home directory accessible)
cd ~/diagrams
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f png -o diagram.png input.drawio
Snap-accessible paths:
~/ (home directory)/home/<user>//media/ (removable media)/mnt/ (mounted filesystems)Symptoms: Errors like:
libGL error: No matching fbConfigs or visuals found
dbus[]: Failed to connect to socket
Impact: These are warnings only — export still succeeds. Safe to ignore in headless environments.
Suppress (optional):
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f png -o output.png input.drawio 2>/dev/null
Symptom:
Error: Cannot open display: :99
Fix:
sudo apt-get install -y xvfb
Problem: Complex diagrams with many elements may consume significant memory.
Solution: Monitor memory usage, increase if needed:
# Check available memory before export
free -h
# For very large diagrams, consider SVG (vector, smaller memory footprint)
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f svg -o output.svg input.drawio
Problem: Deleting diagram files immediately after generation but before user confirms receipt.
Symptom: User reports "diagram not received" but files already deleted.
Root cause: Telegram/messaging platforms may have delivery lag. Deleting before send confirmation = data loss.
Solution:
# ❌ WRONG — Delete immediately after MEDIA: path returned
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f png -o diagram.png diagram.drawio
echo "MEDIA:/path/to/diagram.png"
rm diagram.png diagram.drawio # TOO EARLY!
# ✅ CORRECT — Keep files, cleanup weekly
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f png -o ~/diagrams/analysis_$(date +%Y%m%d).png diagram.drawio
echo "MEDIA:~/diagrams/analysis_20260505.png"
# Files remain for user reference
# Weekly cleanup (manual or cron)
find ~/diagrams -name "*.png" -mtime +7 -delete
Policy: Never auto-delete diagrams after sending. User may need to reference them later or delivery may fail silently.
<mxfile host="app.diagrams.net">
<diagram name="Example">
<mxGraphModel dx="1200" dy="900">
<root>
<mxCell id="0"/>
<mxCell id="1" parent="0"/>
<!-- Add your diagram elements here -->
<mxCell id="box1" value="Service A"
style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#dae8fc;"
vertex="1" parent="1">
<mxGeometry x="100" y="100" width="120" height="60" as="geometry"/>
</mxCell>
</root>
</mxGraphModel>
</diagram>
</mxfile>
xvfb-run -a drawio -x -f png -o diagram.png diagram.drawio
ls -lh diagram.png
file diagram.png
# Expected: PNG image data, ...
When generating diagrams in Hermes workflows:
MEDIA:/path/to/diagram.png for TelegramTypical export times:
Memory usage:
Cause: Invalid XML structure or missing geometry.
Fix: Validate .drawio XML structure, ensure all cells have geometry.
Cause: Snap bin directory not in PATH.
Fix:
# Add to ~/.bashrc
export PATH="/snap/bin:$PATH"
# Or use full path
xvfb-run -a /snap/bin/drawio -x -f png -o output.png input.drawio
Cause: Output directory not writable or snap confinement.
Fix: Use home directory or check permissions:
# Use home directory
cd ~/diagrams
# Or check permissions
ls -ld /path/to/output/directory
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