maven-gradle

name	maven-gradle
description	Maven and Gradle build tools, dependency management, multi-module projects
keywords	["maven","gradle","pom","build","dependency","plugin","multi-module","profile","artifact","repository"]
filePatterns	["pom.xml","build.gradle","build.gradle.kts","settings.gradle","settings.gradle.kts","gradle.properties"]
frameworks	["maven","gradle"]
tokenCount	1200
version	1.0.0

Maven & Gradle Skill

Build tool patterns for Java/Kotlin projects. Choose based on project needs, not popularity.

🎯 Selection Guide

Criteria	Maven	Gradle
Convention over config	✅ Strong	⚠️ Flexible
Build speed	⚠️ Slower	✅ Incremental
Learning curve	✅ Lower	⚠️ Higher
Multi-module	✅ Good	✅ Excellent
Kotlin DSL	❌ XML only	✅ Native
IDE support	✅ Excellent	✅ Excellent

Rule of thumb:

• Maven for standard enterprise projects
• Gradle for complex builds, Android, Kotlin-first

---

📑 Content Map

File	Description	When to Read
maven-basics.md	POM structure, lifecycle	Maven projects
gradle-basics.md	Build scripts, tasks	Gradle projects
multi-module.md	Parent POMs, subprojects	Monorepo setup
dependencies.md	Dependency management, BOMs	Dependency issues
plugins.md	Common plugins configuration	Build customization

---

🔑 Maven Patterns

1. Parent POM Structure

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.1</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <!-- Dependency versions -->
        <mapstruct.version>1.5.5.Final</mapstruct.version>
        <testcontainers.version>1.19.3</testcontainers.version>
    </properties>
    
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Starters -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Runtime -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Compile-time only -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
            <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <version>${testcontainers.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            
            <!-- Annotation processors -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                        </path>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                            <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
                            <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
                        </path>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok-mapstruct-binding</artifactId>
                            <version>0.2.0</version>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <properties>
                <spring.profiles.active>dev</spring.profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <spring.profiles.active>prod</spring.profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

2. Multi-Module Maven

<!-- Parent pom.xml -->
<project>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
    <modules>
        <module>common</module>
        <module>api</module>
        <module>service</module>
    </modules>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Internal modules -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.example</groupId>
                <artifactId>common</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- External BOMs -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

---

🔑 Gradle Patterns (Kotlin DSL)

1. Basic build.gradle.kts

plugins {
    java
    id("org.springframework.boot") version "3.2.1"
    id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.1.4"
}

group = "com.example"
version = "1.0.0-SNAPSHOT"

java {
    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_21
}

configurations {
    compileOnly {
        extendsFrom(configurations.annotationProcessor.get())
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa")
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation")
    
    runtimeOnly("org.postgresql:postgresql")
    
    compileOnly("org.projectlombok:lombok")
    annotationProcessor("org.projectlombok:lombok")
    
    testImplementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
    testImplementation("org.testcontainers:postgresql")
}

tasks.withType<Test> {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

tasks.bootJar {
    archiveFileName.set("app.jar")
}

2. Multi-Module Gradle

// settings.gradle.kts
rootProject.name = "my-project"

include("common", "api", "service")

// Root build.gradle.kts
plugins {
    java
    id("org.springframework.boot") version "3.2.1" apply false
    id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.1.4"
}

allprojects {
    group = "com.example"
    version = "1.0.0-SNAPSHOT"
    
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

subprojects {
    apply(plugin = "java")
    apply(plugin = "io.spring.dependency-management")
    
    java {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_21
    }
    
    dependencies {
        testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter")
    }
    
    tasks.test {
        useJUnitPlatform()
    }
}

// service/build.gradle.kts
plugins {
    id("org.springframework.boot")
}

dependencies {
    implementation(project(":common"))
    implementation(project(":api"))
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
}

---

✅ Decision Checklist

Before configuring build:

• Maven or Gradle chosen based on needs?
• Java version specified?
• Dependencies versioned via BOM/parent?
• Test scope correctly set?
• Annotation processors configured?
• Build profiles for environments?

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❌ Anti-Patterns

Anti-Pattern	Why Bad	Better Approach
Hardcoded versions everywhere	Update nightmare	Properties/BOMs
compile scope (deprecated)	Gradle 7+	implementation/api
Runtime deps in compile	Bloated classpath	Correct scopes
No dependency management	Version conflicts	BOM imports
Fat JAR with unused deps	Large artifacts	Exclude unnecessary

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🔗 Related Skills

Need	Skill
Java	@[skills/java-expert]
Unit testing	@[skills/testing-junit]