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name CI/CD Pipeline Config description CI/CD pipeline configuration skill for test automation, covering GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI, test parallelization, reporting, and artifact management. version 1.0.0 author thetestingacademy license MIT tags ["cicd","github-actions","jenkins","gitlab-ci","pipeline","devops","automation"] testingTypes ["integration"] frameworks [] languages ["typescript"] domains ["devops"] agents ["claude-code","cursor","github-copilot","windsurf","codex","aider","continue","cline","zed","bolt"]
CI/CD Pipeline Config Skill
You are an expert DevOps engineer specializing in CI/CD pipeline configuration for test automation. When the user asks you to create, review, or improve CI/CD pipelines for testing, follow these detailed instructions.
Core Principles
Fast feedback -- Tests should provide feedback as quickly as possible.Fail fast -- Run cheap tests first (lint, unit), expensive tests last (E2E, performance).Reproducible builds -- Pipeline results must be deterministic regardless of when or where they run.Parallel execution -- Maximize parallelism to minimize total pipeline duration.Artifact preservation -- Always save test results, screenshots, and logs for debugging.
Pipeline Strategy
Test Pyramid in CI
/\
/ \ E2E Tests (slowest, fewest)
/ \ ~5-15 minutes
/------\
/ \ Integration Tests
/ \ ~3-10 minutes
/------------\
/ \ Unit Tests (fastest, most)
/ \ ~1-5 minutes
/------------------\
/ \ Static Analysis
/ \ ~30 seconds - 2 minutes
/________________________\
Recommended Pipeline Stages
1. Checkout & Install (~1 min)
2. Static Analysis (~1-2 min) -- lint, type check, format check
3. Unit Tests (~2-5 min) -- jest, pytest, junit
4. Build (~2-5 min) -- compile, bundle
5. Integration Tests (~3-10 min) -- API tests, database tests
6. E2E Tests (~5-15 min) -- browser tests, mobile tests
7. Performance Tests (~5-30 min) -- only on main/release branches
8. Security Scan (~3-10 min) -- SAST, dependency audit
9. Deploy to Staging (~2-5 min)
10. Smoke Tests (~2-3 min)
11. Report & Notify (~1 min)
GitHub Actions
Complete Testing Pipeline
name: Test Pipeline
on:
push:
branches: [main , develop ]
pull_request:
branches: [main , develop ]
concurrency:
group:
${{
github.workflow
}}-${{
github.ref
}}
cancel-in-progress:
true
env:
NODE_VERSION:
'20'
CI:
true
jobs:
lint-and-typecheck:
name:
Lint
&
Type
Check
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes:
5
steps:
-
uses:
actions/checkout@v4
-
uses:
actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version:
${{
env.NODE_VERSION
}}
cache:
'npm'
-
run:
npm
ci
-
name:
ESLint
run:
npx
eslint
.
--max-warnings=0
-
name:
TypeScript
Check
run:
npx
tsc
--noEmit
-
name:
Prettier
Check
run:
npx
prettier
--check
.
unit-tests:
name:
Unit
Tests
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes:
10
needs:
lint-and-typecheck
steps:
-
uses:
actions/checkout@v4
-
uses:
actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version:
${{
env.NODE_VERSION
}}
cache:
'npm'
-
run:
npm
ci
-
name:
Run
Unit
Tests
run:
npx
jest
--coverage
--ci
--reporters=default
--reporters=jest-junit
env:
JEST_JUNIT_OUTPUT_DIR:
./test-results/unit
-
name:
Upload
Coverage
if:
always()
uses:
actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name:
unit-coverage
path:
coverage/
retention-days:
7
-
name:
Upload
Test
Results
if:
always()
uses:
actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name:
unit-test-results
path:
test-results/unit/
api-tests:
name:
API
Tests
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes:
15
needs:
unit-tests
services:
postgres:
image:
postgres:16
env:
POSTGRES_USER:
test
POSTGRES_PASSWORD:
test
POSTGRES_DB:
testdb
ports:
-
5432
:5432
options:
>-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
redis:
image:
redis:7
ports:
-
6379
:6379
steps:
-
uses:
actions/checkout@v4
-
uses:
actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version:
${{
env.NODE_VERSION
}}
cache:
'npm'
-
run:
npm
ci
-
name:
Run
Database
Migrations
run:
npx
prisma
migrate
deploy
env:
DATABASE_URL:
postgresql://test:test@localhost:5432/testdb
-
name:
Start
Application
run:
npm
run
start:test
&
env:
DATABASE_URL:
postgresql://test:test@localhost:5432/testdb
REDIS_URL:
redis://localhost:6379
PORT:
3000
-
name:
Wait
for
Application
run:
npx
wait-on
http://localhost:3000/health
--timeout
30000
-
name:
Run
API
Tests
run:
npx
playwright
test
--project=api
env:
API_BASE_URL:
http://localhost:3000
-
name:
Upload
Results
if:
always()
uses:
actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name:
api-test-results
path:
test-results/
e2e-tests:
name:
E2E
Tests
(${{
matrix.shard
}})
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes:
30
needs:
unit-tests
strategy:
fail-fast:
false
matrix:
shard:
1
/4
2
/4
3
/4
4
/4
steps:
-
uses:
actions/checkout@v4
-
uses:
actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version:
${{
env.NODE_VERSION
}}
cache:
'npm'
-
run:
npm
ci
-
name:
Install
Playwright
Browsers
run:
npx
playwright
install
--with-deps
chromium
-
name:
Start
Application
run:
npm
run
start:test
&
-
name:
Wait
for
Application
run:
npx
wait-on
http://localhost:3000
--timeout
30000
-
name:
Run
E2E
Tests
(Shard
${{
matrix.shard
}})
run:
npx
playwright
test
--shard=${{
matrix.shard
}}
-
name:
Upload
Test
Results
if:
always()
uses:
actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name:
e2e-results-${{
strategy.job-index
}}
path:
|
test-results/
playwright-report/
merge-e2e-reports:
name:
Merge
E2E
Reports
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
if:
always()
needs:
e2e-tests
steps:
-
uses:
actions/checkout@v4
-
uses:
actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version:
${{
env.NODE_VERSION
}}
-
run:
npm
ci
-
name:
Download
All
Reports
uses:
actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
pattern:
e2e-results-*
path:
all-results/
-
name:
Merge
Reports
run:
npx
playwright
merge-reports
--reporter=html
all-results/
-
name:
Upload
Merged
Report
uses:
actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name:
e2e-report-merged
path:
playwright-report/
retention-days:
14
security-scan:
name:
Security
Scan
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes:
10
needs:
lint-and-typecheck
steps:
-
uses:
actions/checkout@v4
-
uses:
actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version:
${{
env.NODE_VERSION
}}
cache:
'npm'
-
run:
npm
ci
-
name:
npm
audit
run:
npm
audit
--audit-level=high
continue-on-error:
true
-
name:
Run
Snyk
uses:
snyk/actions/node@master
continue-on-error:
true
env:
SNYK_TOKEN:
${{
secrets.SNYK_TOKEN
}}
performance-tests:
name:
Performance
Tests
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes:
30
if:
github.ref
==
'refs/heads/main'
needs:
api-tests
e2e-tests
steps:
-
uses:
actions/checkout@v4
-
name:
Install
k6
run:
|
sudo gpg -k
sudo gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/k6-archive-keyring.gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys C5AD17C747E3415A3642D57D77C6C491D6AC1D68
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/k6-archive-keyring.gpg] https://dl.k6.io/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/k6.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install k6
-
name:
Run
Load
Test
run:
k6
run
k6/scripts/load-test.js
--out
json=k6-results.json
env:
BASE_URL:
${{
secrets.STAGING_URL
}}
-
name:
Upload
Results
if:
always()
uses:
actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name:
k6-results
path:
k6-results.json
notify:
name:
Notify
runs-on:
ubuntu-latest
if:
always()
needs:
unit-tests
api-tests
e2e-tests
security-scan
steps:
-
name:
Slack
Notification
uses:
8398a7/action-slack@v3
with:
status:
${{
job.status
}}
fields:
repo,message,commit,author,action,ref
env:
SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL:
${{
secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK
}}
Jenkins Pipeline pipeline {
agent any
environment {
NODE_VERSION = '20'
CI = 'true'
}
options {
timeout(time: 60, unit: 'MINUTES')
disableConcurrentBuilds()
buildDiscarder(logRotator(numToKeepStr: '20'))
}
stages {
stage('Checkout') {
steps {
checkout scm
}
}
stage('Install') {
steps {
sh 'npm ci'
}
}
stage('Static Analysis') {
parallel {
stage('Lint') {
steps {
sh 'npx eslint . --max-warnings=0'
}
}
stage('Type Check') {
steps {
sh 'npx tsc --noEmit'
}
}
}
}
stage('Unit Tests') {
steps {
sh 'npx jest --coverage --ci --reporters=default --reporters=jest-junit'
}
post {
always {
junit 'test-results/unit/*.xml'
publishHTML(target: [
reportDir: 'coverage/lcov-report',
reportFiles: 'index.html',
reportName: 'Coverage Report'
])
}
}
}
stage('E2E Tests') {
steps {
sh 'npx playwright install --with-deps chromium'
sh 'npm run start:test &'
sh 'npx wait-on http://localhost:3000 --timeout 30000'
sh 'npx playwright test'
}
post {
always {
publishHTML(target: [
reportDir: 'playwright-report',
reportFiles: 'index.html',
reportName: 'E2E Test Report'
])
archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'test-results/**/*', allowEmptyArchive: true
}
}
}
}
post {
always {
cleanWs()
}
failure {
slackSend(
channel: '#test-alerts',
color: 'danger',
message: "Build Failed: ${env.JOB_NAME} #${env.BUILD_NUMBER}"
)
}
success {
slackSend(
channel: '#test-results',
color: 'good',
message: "Build Passed: ${env.JOB_NAME} #${env.BUILD_NUMBER}"
)
}
}
}
GitLab CI stages:
- lint
- test
- e2e
- report
variables:
NODE_VERSION: "20"
CI: "true"
.node-cache:
cache:
key:
files:
- package-lock.json
paths:
- node_modules/
policy: pull
install:
stage: .pre
image: node:${NODE_VERSION}
script:
- npm ci
cache:
key:
files:
- package-lock.json
paths:
- node_modules/
policy: push
lint:
stage: lint
image: node:${NODE_VERSION}
extends: .node-cache
script:
- npx eslint . --max-warnings=0
- npx tsc --noEmit
unit-tests:
stage: test
image: node:${NODE_VERSION}
extends: .node-cache
script:
- npx jest --coverage --ci
coverage: '/All files[^|]*\|[^|]*\s+([\d\.]+)/'
artifacts:
when: always
reports:
junit: test-results/unit/junit.xml
coverage_report:
coverage_format: cobertura
path: coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml
paths:
- coverage/
e2e-tests:
stage: e2e
image: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.42.0-jammy
extends: .node-cache
parallel: 4
script:
- npm run start:test &
- npx wait-on http://localhost:3000 --timeout 30000
- npx playwright test --shard=$CI_NODE_INDEX/$CI_NODE_TOTAL
artifacts:
when: always
paths:
- playwright-report/
- test-results/
expire_in: 7 days
rules:
- if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == "merge_request_event"
- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"
Test Parallelization Strategies
Shard-Based Parallelization (Playwright)
strategy:
matrix:
shard: [1 /4 , 2 /4 , 3 /4 , 4 /4 ]
steps:
- run: npx playwright test --shard=${{ matrix.shard }}
File-Based Parallelization (Jest)
steps:
- run: npx jest --maxWorkers=4 --ci
Tag-Based Parallelization jobs:
smoke-tests:
steps:
- run: npx playwright test --grep @smoke
regression-tests:
steps:
- run: npx playwright test --grep @regression
visual-tests:
steps:
- run: npx playwright test --grep @visual
Best Practices
Cache dependencies -- Cache node_modules, .m2, pip packages to speed up installs.Use matrix strategies -- Run tests across multiple browsers/versions in parallel.Set timeouts -- Prevent hung pipelines from consuming resources indefinitely.Always upload artifacts -- Use if: always() to save results even on failure.Use service containers -- Run databases and services as containers alongside tests.Cancel redundant runs -- Use concurrency groups to cancel superseded pipeline runs.Separate concerns -- Keep test stages independent so failures are easy to diagnose.Use environment-specific configs -- Different configs for CI vs local development.Notify on failure -- Integrate Slack, email, or Teams notifications.Monitor pipeline performance -- Track and reduce pipeline duration over time.
Anti-Patterns to Avoid
Running all tests serially -- Parallelize wherever possible.No artifact preservation -- Without artifacts, debugging failures requires re-running.Flaky tests in CI -- Fix or quarantine flaky tests immediately.No timeout limits -- Hung tests can consume runner minutes for hours.Testing against external services -- Use mocks or containers for dependencies.Hardcoded secrets -- Always use CI/CD secret management.No caching -- Installing dependencies from scratch every run wastes minutes.Ignoring CI-specific config -- Some tests need different settings in CI (headless, retries).Single point of failure -- If one shard fails, still collect results from others.Not cleaning up -- Stale containers, files, or processes can affect subsequent runs. 