cargo-workflows

name	cargo-workflows
description	Cargo workflow skill for Rust projects. Use when managing workspaces, feature flags, build scripts, cargo cache, incremental builds, dependency auditing, or CI configuration with Cargo. Activates on queries about cargo workspaces, Cargo.toml features, build.rs, cargo nextest, cargo deny, cargo check vs build, or Cargo.lock management.

Cargo Workflows

Purpose

Guide agents through Cargo workspaces, feature management, build scripts (build.rs), CI integration, incremental compilation, and the Cargo tool ecosystem.

Triggers

• "How do I set up a Cargo workspace with multiple crates?"
• "How do features work in Cargo?"
• "How do I write a build.rs script?"
• "How do I speed up Cargo builds in CI?"
• "How do I audit my Rust dependencies?"
• "What is cargo nextest and should I use it?"

Workflow

1. Workspace setup

my-project/
├── Cargo.toml           # Workspace root
├── Cargo.lock           # Single lock file for all members
├── crates/
│   ├── core/
│   │   └── Cargo.toml
│   ├── cli/
│   │   └── Cargo.toml
│   └── server/
│       └── Cargo.toml
└── tools/
    └── codegen/
        └── Cargo.toml

# Workspace root Cargo.toml
[workspace]
members = [
    "crates/core",
    "crates/cli",
    "crates/server",
    "tools/codegen",
]
resolver = "2"   # Feature resolver v2 (required for edition 2021)

# Shared dependency versions (workspace.dependencies)
[workspace.dependencies]
serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
anyhow = "1"

# Shared profile settings
[profile.release]
lto = "thin"
codegen-units = 1

# Member Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "myapp-core"
version.workspace = true
edition.workspace = true

[dependencies]
serde.workspace = true    # Inherit from workspace
anyhow.workspace = true

2. Feature flags

[features]
default = ["std"]

# Simple flag
std = []

# Feature that enables another feature
full = ["std", "async", "serde-support"]

# Feature with optional dependency
async = ["dep:tokio"]
serde-support = ["dep:serde", "serde/derive"]

[dependencies]
tokio = { version = "1", optional = true }
serde = { version = "1", optional = true }

# Build with specific features
cargo build --features "async,serde-support"

# Build with no default features
cargo build --no-default-features

# Build with all features
cargo build --all-features

# Check feature combinations
cargo check --no-default-features
cargo check --all-features

Feature gotchas:

• Features are additive: once enabled anywhere in the dependency graph, they stay enabled
• resolver = "2" prevents feature leakage between dev-dependencies and regular deps
• Use dep:optional_dep syntax (edition 2021) to avoid implicit feature creation

3. Build scripts (build.rs)

// build.rs (at crate root, runs before compilation)
use std::env;
use std::path::PathBuf;

fn main() {
    // Re-run if these files change
    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=wrapper.h");
    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=MY_LIB_PATH");

    // Link a system library
    println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=mylib");
    println!("cargo:rustc-link-search=/usr/local/lib");

    // Pass a cfg flag to Rust code
    let target = env::var("TARGET").unwrap();
    if target.contains("linux") {
        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=target_os_linux");
    }

    // Set environment variable for downstream crates
    println!("cargo:rustc-env=MY_GENERATED_VAR=value");

    // Generate bindings with bindgen
    let bindings = bindgen::Builder::default()
        .header("wrapper.h")
        .generate()
        .expect("Unable to generate bindings");

    let out_path = PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
    bindings.write_to_file(out_path.join("bindings.rs")).unwrap();
}

println! directive	Effect
cargo:rerun-if-changed=FILE	Re-run build script if file changes
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VAR	Re-run if env var changes
cargo:rustc-link-lib=NAME	Link library
cargo:rustc-link-search=PATH	Add library search path
cargo:rustc-cfg=FLAG	Enable #[cfg(FLAG)] in code
cargo:rustc-env=KEY=VAL	Set env!("KEY") at compile time
cargo:warning=MSG	Emit build warning

4. Incremental builds and CI caching

# GitHub Actions with sccache
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
  with:
    cache-on-failure: true
    shared-key: "release-build"

# Or manual cache
- uses: actions/cache@v3
  with:
    path: |
      ~/.cargo/registry/index/
      ~/.cargo/registry/cache/
      ~/.cargo/git/db/
      target/
    key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}

# Warm cache locally
cargo fetch                    # Download all deps without building
cargo build --tests            # Build everything including test bins

# Check if incremental hurts release builds (it often does)
[profile.release]
incremental = false            # Default; leave false for release

5. cargo nextest (faster test runner)

# Install
cargo install cargo-nextest

# Run tests (parallel by default, better output)
cargo nextest run

# Run with specific filter
cargo nextest run test_name_pattern

# List tests without running
cargo nextest list

# Use in CI (JUnit output)
cargo nextest run --profile ci

nextest.toml:

[profile.ci]
fail-fast = false
test-threads = "num-cpus"
retries = { backoff = "exponential", count = 2, delay = "1s" }

[profile.default]
test-threads = "num-cpus"

6. Dependency management and auditing

# Check for security advisories
cargo install cargo-audit
cargo audit

# Deny specific licenses, duplicates, advisories
cargo install cargo-deny
cargo deny check

# Check for unused dependencies
cargo install cargo-machete
cargo machete

# Update dependencies
cargo update                    # Update to compatible versions
cargo update -p serde           # Update single package
cargo upgrade                   # Update to latest (cargo-edit)

deny.toml:

[licenses]
allow = ["MIT", "Apache-2.0", "BSD-2-Clause", "BSD-3-Clause"]
deny = ["GPL-2.0", "AGPL-3.0"]

[bans]
multiple-versions = "warn"
deny = [{ name = "openssl", reason = "Use rustls instead" }]

[advisories]
ignore = []  # List advisory IDs to ignore

7. Useful cargo commands

# Build only specific binary
cargo build --bin myapp

# Build only specific example
cargo build --example myexample

# Run with arguments
cargo run -- --flag arg1 arg2

# Expand macros (for debugging proc macros)
cargo install cargo-expand
cargo expand module::path

# Tree of dependencies
cargo tree
cargo tree --duplicates      # Show crates with multiple versions
cargo tree -i serde          # Who depends on serde?

# Cargo.toml metadata
cargo metadata --format-version 1 | jq '.packages[].name'

For workspace patterns and dependency resolution details, see references/workspace-patterns.md.

Related skills

• Use skills/rust/rustc-basics for compiler flags and profile configuration
• Use skills/rust/rust-debugging for debugging Cargo-built binaries
• Use skills/rust/rust-ffi for build.rs with C library bindings
• Use skills/build-systems/cmake when integrating Rust into a CMake build