fireworks-tech-graph

name	fireworks-tech-graph
description	Use when the user wants to create any technical diagram - architecture, data flow, flowchart, sequence, agent/memory, or concept map - and export as SVG+PNG. Trigger on: "画图" "帮我画" "生成图" "做个图" "架构图" "流程图" "可视化一下" "出图" "generate diagram" "draw diagram" "visualize" or any system/flow description the user wants illustrated.

Fireworks Tech Graph

Generate production-quality SVG technical diagrams exported as PNG via cairosvg (recommended), rsvg-convert, or puppeteer.

Install Source

Install this skill from GitHub:

npx skills add yizhiyanhua-ai/fireworks-tech-graph

Public package page:

https://www.npmjs.com/package/@yizhiyanhua-ai/fireworks-tech-graph

Do not pass @yizhiyanhua-ai/fireworks-tech-graph directly to skills add, because the CLI expects a GitHub or local repository source.

Update command:

npx skills add yizhiyanhua-ai/fireworks-tech-graph --force -g -y

Helper Scripts (Recommended)

Four helper scripts in scripts/ directory provide stable SVG generation and validation:

1. generate-diagram.sh - Validate SVG + export PNG

./scripts/generate-diagram.sh -t architecture -s 1 -o ./output/arch.svg

• Validates an existing SVG file
• Exports PNG after validation
• Example: ./scripts/generate-diagram.sh -t architecture -s 1 -o ./output/arch.svg

2. generate-from-template.py - Create starter SVG from template

python3 ./scripts/generate-from-template.py architecture ./output/arch.svg '{"title":"My Diagram","nodes":[],"arrows":[]}'

• Loads a built-in SVG template
• Renders nodes, arrows, and legend entries from JSON input
• Escapes text content to keep output XML-valid

3. validate-svg.sh - Validate SVG syntax

./scripts/validate-svg.sh <svg-file>

• Checks XML syntax
• Verifies tag balance
• Validates marker references
• Checks attribute completeness
• Validates path data

4. test-all-styles.sh - Batch test all styles

./scripts/test-all-styles.sh

• Tests multiple diagram sizes
• Validates all generated SVGs
• Generates test report

When to use scripts:

• Use scripts when generating complex SVGs to avoid syntax errors
• Scripts provide automatic validation and error reporting
• Recommended for production diagrams

When to generate SVG directly:

• Simple diagrams with few elements
• Quick prototypes
• When you need full control over SVG structure

Workflow (Always Follow This Order)

1. Classify the diagram type (see Diagram Types below)
2. Extract structure — identify layers, nodes, edges, flows, and semantic groups from user description
3. Plan layout — apply the layout rules for the diagram type
4. Load style reference — always load references/style-1-flat-icon.md unless user specifies another; load the matching references/style-N.md for exact color tokens and SVG patterns
5. Map nodes to shapes — use Shape Vocabulary below
6. Check icon needs — load references/icons.md for known products
7. Write SVG with adaptive strategy (see SVG Generation Strategy below)
8. Validate: Run python3 -c "import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET; ET.parse('file.svg')" to check XML syntax
9. Export PNG: Use cairosvg (recommended). See SVG → PNG Conversion section below for full method comparison
10. Report the generated file paths
11. (Optional) Visual self-review — if your runtime can read images, load the exported PNG back and inspect it. Syntactic validity does not guarantee visual correctness: arrows may cross through component interiors, labels may collide with lifelines or other labels, boxes may overlap, alt-frame text may sit on top of a message, or a legend may cover content. If you see any of these, revise the SVG and re-export; repeat until the rendered image is clean. Common fixes:
    • Route arrows through gaps between boxes, not through box interiors
    • Move arrow labels 6-8px away from the arrow line (offset-first); add background rects only when offset is insufficient
    • Widen inter-row/inter-column gutters so same-layer arrows have clear corridors
    • Collapse repeated cross-layer arrows into a single "delegates down" rail outside the content area
    • Move legend/notes out of any region where arrows or labels land
    • Increase viewBox height/width rather than packing elements tighter
    • If a filtered element (drop-shadow, blur) is missing one side of its border, move it ≥30px away from that viewBox edge, or remove the filter and rely on color/contrast for visual separation Skip this step silently if image reading is unavailable — do not guess.

Diagram Types & Layout Rules

Architecture Diagram

Nodes = services/components. Group into horizontal layers (top→bottom or left→right).

• Typical layers: Client → Gateway/LB → Services → Data/Storage
• Use <rect> dashed containers to group related services in the same layer
• Arrow direction follows data/request flow
• ViewBox: 0 0 960 600 standard, 0 0 960 800 for tall stacks

Data Flow Diagram

Emphasizes what data moves where. Focus on data transformation.

• Label every arrow with the data type (e.g., "embeddings", "query", "context")
• Use wider arrows (stroke-width: 2.5) for primary data paths
• Dashed arrows for control/trigger flows
• Color arrows by data category (not just Agent/RAG — use semantics)

Flowchart / Process Flow

Sequential decision/process steps.

• Top-to-bottom preferred; left-to-right for wide flows
• Diamond shapes for decisions, rounded rects for processes, parallelograms for I/O
• Keep node labels short (≤3 words); put detail in sub-labels
• Align nodes on a grid: x positions snap to 120px intervals, y to 80px

Agent Architecture Diagram

Shows how an AI agent reasons, uses tools, and manages memory. Key conceptual layers to always consider:

• Input layer: User, query, trigger
• Agent core: LLM, reasoning loop, planner
• Memory layer: Short-term (context window), Long-term (vector/graph DB), Episodic
• Tool layer: Tool calls, APIs, search, code execution
• Output layer: Response, action, side-effects Use cyclic arrows (loop arcs) to show iterative reasoning. Separate memory types visually.

Memory Architecture Diagram (Mem0, MemGPT-style)

Specialized agent diagram focused on memory operations.

• Show memory write path and read path separately (different arrow colors)
• Memory tiers: Working Memory → Short-term → Long-term → External Store
• Label memory operations: store(), retrieve(), forget(), consolidate()
• Use stacked rects or layered cylinders for storage tiers

Sequence Diagram

Time-ordered message exchanges between participants.

• Participants as vertical lifelines (top labels + vertical dashed lines)
• Messages as horizontal arrows between lifelines, top-to-bottom time order
• Activation boxes (thin filled rects on lifeline) show active processing
• Group with <rect> loop/alt frames with label in top-left corner
• ViewBox height = 80 + (num_messages × 50)

Comparison / Feature Matrix

Side-by-side comparison of approaches, systems, or components.

• Column headers = systems, row headers = attributes
• Row height: 40px; column width: min 120px; header row height: 50px
• Checked cell: tinted background (e.g. #dcfce7) + ✓ checkmark; unsupported: #f9fafb fill
• Alternating row fills (#f9fafb / #ffffff) for readability
• Max readable columns: 5; beyond that, split into two diagrams

Timeline / Gantt

Horizontal time axis showing durations, phases, and milestones.

• X-axis = time (weeks/months/quarters); Y-axis = items/tasks/phases
• Bars: rounded rects, colored by category, labeled inside or beside
• Milestone markers: diamond or filled circle at specific x position with label above
• ViewBox: 0 0 960 400 typical; wider for many time periods: 0 0 1200 400

Mind Map / Concept Map

Radial layout from central concept.

• Central node at cx=480, cy=280
• First-level branches: evenly distributed around center (360/N degrees)
• Second-level branches: branch off first-level at 30-45° offset
• Use curved <path> with cubic bezier for branches, not straight lines

Class Diagram (UML)

Static structure showing classes, attributes, methods, and relationships.

• Class box: 3-compartment rect (name / attributes / methods), min width 160px
  • Top compartment: class name, bold, centered (abstract = italic)
  • Middle: attributes with visibility (+ public, - private, # protected)
  • Bottom: method signatures, same visibility notation
• Relationships:
  • Inheritance (extends): solid line + hollow triangle arrowhead, child → parent
  • Implementation (interface): dashed line + hollow triangle, class → interface
  • Association: solid line + open arrowhead, label with multiplicity (1, 0.., 1..)
  • Aggregation: solid line + hollow diamond on container side
  • Composition: solid line + filled diamond on container side
  • Dependency: dashed line + open arrowhead
• Interface: <<interface>> stereotype above name, or circle/lollipop notation
• Enum: compartment rect with <<enumeration>> stereotype, values in bottom
• Layout: parent classes top, children below; interfaces to the left/right of implementors
• ViewBox: 0 0 960 600 standard; 0 0 960 800 for deep hierarchies

Use Case Diagram (UML)

System functionality from user perspective.

• Actor: stick figure (circle head + body line) placed outside system boundary
  • Label below figure, 13-14px
  • Primary actors on left, secondary/supporting on right
• Use case: ellipse with label centered inside, min 140×60px
  • Keep names verb phrases: "Create Order", "Process Payment"
• System boundary: large rect with dashed border + system name in top-left
• Relationships:
  • Include: dashed arrow <<include>> from base to included use case
  • Extend: dashed arrow <<extend>> from extension to base use case
  • Generalization: solid line + hollow triangle (specialized → general)
• Layout: system boundary centered, actors outside, use cases inside
• ViewBox: 0 0 960 600 standard

State Machine Diagram (UML)

Lifecycle states and transitions of an entity.

• State: rounded rect with state name, min 120×50px
  • Internal activities: small text entry/ action, exit/ action, do/ activity
  • Initial state: filled black circle (r=8), one outgoing arrow
  • Final state: filled circle (r=8) inside hollow circle (r=12)
  • Choice: small hollow diamond, guard labels on outgoing arrows [condition]
• Transition: arrow with optional label event [guard] / action
  • Guard conditions in square brackets
  • Actions after /
• Composite/nested state: larger rect containing sub-states, with name tab
• Fork/join: thick horizontal or vertical black bar (synchronization)
• Layout: initial state top-left, final state bottom-right, flow top-to-bottom
• ViewBox: 0 0 960 600 standard

ER Diagram (Entity-Relationship)

Database schema and data relationships.

• Entity: rect with entity name in header (bold), attributes below
  • Primary key attribute: underlined
  • Foreign key: italic or marked with (FK)
  • Min width: 160px; attribute font-size: 12px
• Relationship: diamond shape on connecting line
  • Label inside diamond: "has", "belongs to", "enrolls in"
  • Cardinality labels near entity: 1, N, 0..1, 0..*, 1..*
• Weak entity: double-bordered rect with double diamond relationship
• Associative entity: diamond + rect hybrid (rect with diamond inside)
• Line style: solid for identifying relationships, dashed for non-identifying
• Layout: entities in 2-3 rows, relationships between related entities
• ViewBox: 0 0 960 600 standard; wider 0 0 1200 600 for many entities

Network Topology

Physical or logical network infrastructure.

• Devices: icon-like rects or rounded rects
  • Router: circle with cross arrows
  • Switch: rect with arrow grid
  • Server: stacked rect (rack icon)
  • Firewall: brick-pattern rect or shield shape
  • Load Balancer: horizontal split rect with arrows
  • Cloud: cloud path (overlapping arcs)
• Connections: lines between device centers
  • Ethernet/wired: solid line, label bandwidth
  • Wireless: dashed line with WiFi symbol
  • VPN: dashed line with lock icon
• Subnets/Zones: dashed rect containers with zone label (DMZ, Internal, External)
• Labels: device hostname + IP below, 12-13px
• Layout: tiered top-to-bottom (Internet → Edge → Core → Access → Endpoints)
• ViewBox: 0 0 960 600 standard

UML Coverage Map

Full mapping of UML 14 diagram types to supported diagram types:

UML Diagram	Supported As	Notes
Class	Class Diagram	Full UML notation
Component	Architecture Diagram	Use colored fills per component type
Deployment	Architecture Diagram	Add node/instance labels
Package	Architecture Diagram	Use dashed grouping containers
Composite Structure	Architecture Diagram	Nested rects within components
Object	Class Diagram	Instance boxes with underlined name
Use Case	Use Case Diagram	Full actor/ellipse/relationship
Activity	Flowchart / Process Flow	Add fork/join bars
State Machine	State Machine Diagram	Full UML notation
Sequence	Sequence Diagram	Add alt/opt/loop frames
Communication	—	Approximate with Sequence (swap axes)
Timing	Timeline	Adapt time axis
Interaction Overview	Flowchart	Combine activity + sequence fragments
ER Diagram	ER Diagram	Chen/Crow's foot notation

Shape Vocabulary

Map semantic concepts to consistent shapes across all diagram types:

Concept	Shape	Notes
User / Human	Circle + body path	Stick figure or avatar
LLM / Model	Rounded rect with brain/spark icon or gradient fill	Use accent color
Agent / Orchestrator	Hexagon or rounded rect with double border	Signals "active controller"
Memory (short-term)	Rounded rect, dashed border	Ephemeral = dashed
Memory (long-term)	Cylinder (database shape)	Persistent = solid cylinder
Vector Store	Cylinder with grid lines inside	Add 3 horizontal lines
Graph DB	Circle cluster (3 overlapping circles)
Tool / Function	Gear-like rect or rect with wrench icon
API / Gateway	Hexagon (single border)
Queue / Stream	Horizontal tube (pipe shape)
File / Document	Folded-corner rect
Browser / UI	Rect with 3-dot titlebar
Decision	Diamond	Flowcharts only
Process / Step	Rounded rect	Standard box
External Service	Rect with cloud icon or dashed border
Data / Artifact	Parallelogram	I/O in flowcharts

Arrow Semantics

Always assign arrow meaning, not just color:

Flow Type	Color	Stroke	Dash	Meaning
Primary data flow	blue #2563eb	2px solid	none	Main request/response path
Control / trigger	orange #ea580c	1.5px solid	none	One system triggering another
Memory read	green #059669	1.5px solid	none	Retrieval from store
Memory write	green #059669	1.5px	5,3	Write/store operation
Async / event	gray #6b7280	1.5px	4,2	Non-blocking, event-driven
Embedding / transform	purple #7c3aed	1px solid	none	Data transformation
Feedback / loop	purple #7c3aed	1.5px curved	none	Iterative reasoning loop

Always include a legend when 2+ arrow types are used.

Layout Rules & Validation

Spacing:

• Same-layer nodes: 80px horizontal, 120px vertical between layers
• Canvas margins: 40px minimum, 60px between node edges
• Snap to 8px grid: horizontal 120px intervals, vertical 120px intervals

Arrow Labels (CRITICAL):

• Offset-first (default): place label 6-8px above horizontal arrows, or 8px left/right of vertical arrows — do not overlap the arrow line
• Background fallback: add <rect fill="canvas_bg" opacity="0.95"/> only when the offset label still crosses another visual element (another arrow, a node edge, etc.)
• Place mid-arrow, ≤3 words, stagger by 15-20px when multiple arrows converge
• Maintain 10px safety distance from nodes

Arrow Routing:

• Prefer orthogonal (L-shaped) paths to minimize crossings
• Anchor arrows on component edges, not geometric centers
• Route around dense node clusters, use different y-offsets for parallel arrows
• Jump-over arcs (5px radius) for unavoidable crossings

Post-Generation Arrow Optimization:

When a user asks to "优化箭头" / "fix arrow routing" / "optimize the diagram" on an already-generated diagram, preserve all nodes, containers, styles, and layout — only modify the arrows entries in the JSON data, then re-render with generate-from-template.py.

Available arrow override fields (in recommended order of use):

Field	Type	When to Use
source_port / target_port	"left" / "right" / "top" / "bottom"	Arrow exits/enters from the wrong edge
corridor_x	[x, ...]	Hint vertical segments toward this x lane (soft preference)
corridor_y	[y, ...]	Hint horizontal segments toward this y lane (soft preference)
route_points	[[x1,y1], [x2,y2], ...]	Force exact waypoints (bypasses auto-routing); keep segments orthogonal
routing_padding	number (default: 24)	(Advanced) Adjust obstacle clearance for this arrow
port_clearance	number	(Advanced) Adjust first-segment offset from node edge
label_style	"badge" / "offset"	Choose "offset" when badge backgrounds create visual clutter; keep "badge" (default) for legacy/high-contrast labels

For JSON/template rendering, the default remains "badge" for backward compatibility. Set "label_style": "offset" on individual arrows when you want offset-first labels without background rects.

Optimization steps:

1. Read the existing SVG — identify which arrows overlap, cross nodes, or look misaligned
2. Find those arrows in the JSON data by source / target pair
3. Add source_port / target_port if the exit/entry direction is wrong; add corridor_x / corridor_y to space parallel arrows apart; use route_points only when hints alone cannot resolve the path
4. Re-run generate-from-template.py with the updated JSON and validate with validate-svg.sh

Example — spacing two overlapping arrows into separate corridors:

{ "source": "nodeA", "target": "nodeB", "corridor_y": [280] }
{ "source": "nodeC", "target": "nodeD", "corridor_y": [320] }

Line Overlap Prevention (CRITICAL - most common bug on Codex): When two arrows must cross each other, ALWAYS use jump-over arcs to prevent visual overlap:

• Crossing horizontal arrows: add a small semicircle arc (radius 5px, stroke same color as arrow, fill none) that "jumps over" the other line
• SVG pattern for jump-over: use a white/matching-background arc on the lower layer, then draw the upper arc on top
• Multiple crossings: stagger arc radii (5px, 7px, 9px) so arcs don't overlap each other
• Never let two arrows' straight-line segments cross without a jump-over arc

Validation Checklist (run before finalizing):

1. Arrow-Component Collision: Arrows MUST NOT pass through component interiors (route around with orthogonal paths)
2. Text Overflow: All text MUST fit with 8px padding (estimate: text.length × 7px ≤ shape_width - 16px)
3. Arrow-Text Alignment: Arrow endpoints MUST connect to shape edges (not floating); arrow labels should not overlap arrow lines (use offset positioning or background rects)
4. Container Discipline: Prefer arrows entering and leaving section containers through open gaps between components, not through inner component bodies
5. Filter Boundary Safety: For every element with filter="url(...)", verify (element_x + element_width + filter_extension) ≤ viewBox_width AND element_x ≥ filter_extension. The default filter region extends 10-20% beyond bbox; staying near viewBox edges causes Chrome/cairosvg to clip the element's edge-side stroke (one side of the border vanishes while other sides render correctly)
6. Arrow-Title Collision: Arrows MUST NOT cross through section/container title text or region labels (font-size ≥ 13px). For smaller annotations (< 13px), prefer routing around but tolerate if layout constraints require it. (Visual self-review check — not covered by validate-svg.sh automated checks)
7. Frame Label–Arrow Alignment (sequence diagrams): Section/frame label badges MUST be vertically centered with their first message arrow. Compute badge_y = first_arrow_y - (badge_height / 2). When appending new sections to an existing diagram, verify alignment matches the existing sections — this is the most common regression when adding content incrementally. Use variables in Python list generation to enforce the constraint: sec_y = 840; badge_y = sec_y - 9 # for height=18 badge

SVG Technical Rules

• ViewBox: 0 0 960 600 default; 0 0 960 800 tall; 0 0 1200 600 wide
• Fonts: embed via <style>font-family: ...</style> — no external @import (cairosvg / rsvg-convert cannot fetch external URLs)
• <defs>: arrow markers, gradients, filters, clip paths
• Text: minimum 12px, prefer 13-14px labels, 11px sub-labels, 16-18px titles
• All arrows: <marker> with markerEnd, sized markerWidth="10" markerHeight="7"
• Drop shadows: <feDropShadow> in <filter>, apply sparingly (key nodes only)
• Curved paths: use M x1,y1 C cx1,cy1 cx2,cy2 x2,y2 cubic bezier for loops/feedback arrows
• Clip content: use <clipPath> if text might overflow a node box
• Z-order (drawing order): SVG uses painter's model — later elements cover earlier ones. Recommended layer order (bottom → top): ① canvas background ② dashed containers / region backgrounds ③ arrows and connection lines ④ node shapes (rects, circles) ⑤ text labels and annotations ⑥ legends and overlays. When arrows pass near text, draw arrows BEFORE text so text stays readable. Adjust per diagram needs — this is guidance, not rigid.

SVG Generation & Error Prevention

MANDATORY: Python List Method (ALWAYS use this):

python3 << 'EOF'
lines = []
lines.append('<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 960 700">')
lines.append('  <defs>')
# ... each line separately
lines.append('</svg>')

with open('/path/to/output.svg', 'w') as f:
    f.write('\n'.join(lines))
print("SVG generated successfully")
EOF

Why mandatory: Prevents character truncation, typos, and syntax errors. Each line is independent and easy to verify.

Pre-Tool-Call Checklist (CRITICAL - use EVERY time):

1. ✅ Can I write out the COMPLETE command/content right now?
2. ✅ Do I have ALL required parameters ready?
3. ✅ Have I checked for syntax errors in my prepared content?

If ANY answer is NO: STOP. Do NOT call the tool. Prepare the content first.

Error Recovery Protocol:

• First error: Analyze root cause, apply targeted fix
• Second error: Switch method entirely (Python list → chunked generation)
• Third error: STOP and report to user - do NOT loop endlessly
• Never: Retry the same failing command or call tools with empty parameters

Validation (run after generation):

python3 -c "import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET; ET.parse('file.svg')" && echo "✓ Valid XML"
# Or use cairosvg as a render-time check:
python3 -c "import cairosvg; cairosvg.svg2png(url='file.svg', write_to='/tmp/test.png')" && echo "✓ Renders" && rm /tmp/test.png

If using generate-from-template.py:

• Prefer source / target node ids in arrow JSON so the generator can snap to node edges
• Keep x1,y1,x2,y2 as hints or fallback coordinates, not the main routing primitive
• Let the generator choose orthogonal routes; avoid hardcoding center-to-center straight lines unless the path is guaranteed clear

Common Syntax Errors to Avoid:

• ❌ yt-anchor → ✅ y="60" text-anchor="middle"
• ❌ x="390 (missing y) → ✅ x="390" y="250"
• ❌ fill=#fff → ✅ fill="#ffffff"
• ❌ marker-end= → ✅ marker-end="url(#arrow)"
• ❌ L 29450 → ✅ L 290,220
• ❌ Missing </svg> at end
• ❌ Element with filter near viewBox edge — filter region extends 20% (default) or more beyond bbox; if that region exceeds viewBox, Chrome/cairosvg clip the filter rendering AND can drop the element's own stroke on that side. Keep filtered elements at least max(20% of element size, shadow blur radius × 3) away from viewBox edges, or omit the filter.

Output

• Default: ./[derived-name].svg and ./[derived-name].png in current directory
• Custom: user specifies path with --output /path/ or 输出到 /path/
• PNG export: see SVG → PNG Conversion below

SVG → PNG Conversion

Method Comparison

Tool	Install	Render Quality	Notes
rsvg-convert	System (often preinstalled)	⚠️ Fair	Drops some CSS styles and <foreignObject> elements — missing borders/text on complex SVGs
cairosvg (recommended)	pip install cairosvg	✅ Good	Solid CSS support; clearly better than rsvg-convert
puppeteer (headless Chrome)	npm install puppeteer	✅✅ Best	Real browser engine; 100% fidelity but heavy (Node + Chromium)

Recommended: cairosvg (Python one-liner)

# Single file (2x resolution for retina/docs)
python3 -c "import cairosvg; cairosvg.svg2png(url='input.svg', write_to='output.png', scale=2)"

# Batch convert all SVGs in a directory
python3 -c "
import cairosvg, os, glob
d = 'docs/00-core'
for svg in sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(d, '*.svg'))):
    png = svg.replace('.svg', '.png')
    cairosvg.svg2png(url=svg, write_to=png, scale=2)
    print(f'Done: {os.path.basename(svg)} -> {os.path.basename(png)}')
"

scale=2 produces 2x resolution PNG, ideal for high-DPI screens and embedded docs.

Fallback: rsvg-convert (simple but may drop styles)

# Single file
rsvg-convert -w 1920 file.svg -o file.png

# Batch (not recommended — complex SVGs may lose elements)
for f in docs/00-core/*.svg; do rsvg-convert -o "${f%.svg}.png" "$f"; done

# 2x resolution
for f in docs/00-core/*.svg; do rsvg-convert -z 2 -o "${f%.svg}.png" "$f"; done

Highest Fidelity: puppeteer (headless Chrome)

npm install puppeteer  # auto-downloads Chromium
node svg2png.js [directory]

svg2png.js — full puppeteer script

const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');

(async () => {
  const dir = process.argv[2] || '.';
  const svgFiles = fs.readdirSync(dir).filter(f => f.endsWith('.svg'));

  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: 'new',
    args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox']
  });

  for (const file of svgFiles) {
    const svgPath = path.resolve(dir, file);
    const pngPath = svgPath.replace(/\.svg$/, '.png');
    const svgContent = fs.readFileSync(svgPath, 'utf-8');

    const wMatch = svgContent.match(/width="(\d+)/);
    const hMatch = svgContent.match(/height="(\d+)/);
    const vbMatch = svgContent.match(/viewBox="[^"]*\s(\d+)\s(\d+)"/);

    let width = wMatch ? parseInt(wMatch[1]) : (vbMatch ? parseInt(vbMatch[1]) : 1200);
    let height = hMatch ? parseInt(hMatch[1]) : (vbMatch ? parseInt(vbMatch[2]) : 800);

    const scale = 2;
    const page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.setViewport({ width, height, deviceScaleFactor: scale });

    const html = `<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
  body { margin: 0; padding: 0; background: transparent; }
  img { display: block; }
</style></head>
<body>
  <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,${Buffer.from(svgContent).toString('base64')}" width="${width}" height="${height}" />
</body></html>`;

    await page.setContent(html, { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
    await page.screenshot({ path: pngPath, type: 'png', omitBackground: true });
    await page.close();

    console.log(`Done: ${file} -> ${path.basename(pngPath)} (${width}x${height} @${scale}x)`);
  }

  await browser.close();
})();

Gotchas (lessons learned)

• rsvg-convert renders SVGs containing <foreignObject>, CSS filter, or complex <style> blocks incompletely — missing borders / missing text are the typical symptoms
• cairosvg (built on Cairo) has much better CSS support than rsvg and is sufficient for most cases
• cairosvg may fail to render CJK characters and emoji in <text> elements — Cairo's font API (cairo_select_font_face) does not reliably perform system fontconfig fallback, so glyphs not present in the matched font face render as □ (empty box). This commonly affects Chinese/Japanese/Korean text and emoji, depending on system font configuration. Workaround: use SVG as primary format for web/GitHub rendering (browsers handle CJK natively); reserve PNG export for Latin-only diagrams, or switch to the puppeteer path for full CJK+emoji fidelity
• If the SVG was generated by a browser (D3.js, Mermaid, etc.), only headless Chrome (puppeteer) renders it 100% faithfully
• Chrome headless CLI --window-size=W,H is not the drawable area — even in --headless=new mode, browser chrome (scrollbars, internal UI surfaces) consumes ~15-20% of both width and height, so the actual SVG viewport is only ~0.84×W by ~0.84×H. Symptom: SVG content past x ≈ 0.84 × W or y ≈ 0.84 × H is cut off and renders as a solid white band, even though the SVG file itself is correct. Typical failure modes: a Legend in the top-right corner loses its right border; a bottom-row container loses its bottom dashed line. Fix: pass window dimensions ≥ SVG width × 1.2 AND SVG height × 1.2, then crop the raw screenshot back to (SVG_width × scale, SVG_height × scale) with PIL or ImageMagick. Example: for a 1280×580 SVG at 3× DPR, use --window-size=1600,800 then crop the output to 3840×1740. The Puppeteer / page.setViewport() path does NOT have this issue — it sets a precise viewport regardless of window UI.

Picking a Method

1. Default → cairosvg (pip install once, one-line conversion, good fidelity)
2. No Python available → rsvg-convert (acceptable for simple flat-color diagrams)
3. Browser-generated SVG or pixel-perfect required → puppeteer

Styles

#	Name	Background	Best For
1	Flat Icon (default)	White	Blogs, docs, presentations
2	Dark Terminal	#0f0f1a	GitHub, dev articles
3	Blueprint	#0a1628	Architecture docs
4	Notion Clean	White, minimal	Notionnce
5	Glassmorphism	Dark gradient	Product sites, keynotes
6	Claude Official	Warm cream #f8f6f3	Anthropic-style diagrams
7	OpenAI Official	Pure white #ffffff	OpenAI-style diagrams
8	Dark Luxury (AI-authored)	#0a0a0a deep black	Architecture docs, premium editorial — hand-craft SVG from references/style-8-dark-luxury.md

Load references/style-N.md for exact color tokens and SVG patterns.

Style Selection

Default: Style 1 (Flat Icon) for most diagrams. Load references/style-diagram-matrix.md for detailed style-to-diagram-type recommendations.

These patterns appear frequently — internalize them:

RAG Pipeline: Query → Embed → VectorSearch → Retrieve → Augment → LLM → Response Agentic RAG: adds Agent loop with Tool use between Query and LLM Agentic Search: Query → Planner → [Search Tool / Calculator / Code] → Synthesizer → Response Mem0 / Memory Layer: Input → Memory Manager → [Write: VectorDB + GraphDB] / [Read: Retrieve+Rank] → Context Agent Memory Types: Sensory (raw input) → Working (context window) → Episodic (past interactions) → Semantic (facts) → Procedural (skills) Multi-Agent: Orchestrator → [SubAgent A / SubAgent B / SubAgent C] → Aggregator → Output Tool Call Flow: LLM → Tool Selector → Tool Execution → Result Parser → LLM (loop)