tailwind-v4-shadcn

name	tailwind-v4-shadcn
description	| Production-tested setup for Tailwind CSS v4 with shadcn/ui, Vite, and React. Use when: initializing React projects with Tailwind v4, setting up shadcn/ui, implementing dark mode, debugging CSS variable issues, fixing theme switching, migrating from Tailwind v3, or encountering color/theming problems. Covers: @theme inline pattern, CSS variable architecture, dark mode with ThemeProvider, component composition, vite.config setup, common v4 gotchas, and production-tested patterns.
metadata	{"keywords":["Tailwind v4","shadcn/ui","@tailwindcss/vite","@theme inline","dark mode","CSS variables","hsl() wrapper","components.json","React theming","theme switching","colors not working","variables broken","theme not applying","@plugin directive","typography plugin","forms plugin","prose class","@tailwindcss/typography","@tailwindcss/forms"]}
license	MIT

Tailwind v4 + shadcn/ui Production Stack

Production-tested: Yes Last Updated: 2025-12-04 Status: Production Ready ✅

Table of Contents

1. Before You Start
2. Quick Start
3. Four-Step Architecture
4. Dark Mode Setup
5. Critical Rules
6. Semantic Color Tokens
7. Common Issues & Fixes
8. File Templates
9. Setup Checklist
10. Advanced Topics
11. Dependencies
12. Tailwind v4 Plugins
13. Reference Documentation
14. When to Load References

---

---

Quick Start (5 Minutes - Follow This Exact Order)

1. Install Dependencies

bun add tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite
# or: npm install tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite

bun add -d @types/node

# Note: Using pnpm for shadcn init due to known Bun compatibility issues
# (bunx has "Script not found" and postinstall/msw problems)
pnpm dlx shadcn@latest init

2. Configure Vite

// vite.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'
import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'
import path from 'path'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [react(), tailwindcss()],
  resolve: {
    alias: {
      '@': path.resolve(__dirname, './src')
    }
  }
})

3. Update components.json

{
  "tailwind": {
    "config": "",              // ← CRITICAL: Empty for v4
    "css": "src/index.css",
    "cssVariables": true
  }
}

4. Delete tailwind.config.ts

Tailwind v4 does not use this file. Please manually delete tailwind.config.ts if it exists.

---

The Four-Step Architecture (CRITICAL)

This pattern is mandatory - skipping steps will break your theme.

Step 1: Define CSS Variables at Root Level

/* src/index.css */
@import "tailwindcss";

:root {
  --background: hsl(0 0% 100%);      /* ← hsl() wrapper required */
  --foreground: hsl(222.2 84% 4.9%);
  --primary: hsl(221.2 83.2% 53.3%);
  /* ... all light mode colors */
}

.dark {
  --background: hsl(222.2 84% 4.9%);
  --foreground: hsl(210 40% 98%);
  --primary: hsl(217.2 91.2% 59.8%);
  /* ... all dark mode colors */
}

Critical Rules:

• ✅ Define at root level (NOT inside @layer base)
• ✅ Use hsl() wrapper on all color values
• ✅ Use .dark for dark mode (NOT .dark { @theme { } })

Step 2: Map Variables to Tailwind Utilities

@theme inline {
  --color-background: var(--background);
  --color-foreground: var(--foreground);
  --color-primary: var(--primary);
  /* ... map ALL CSS variables */
}

Why This Is Required:

• Generates utility classes (bg-background, text-primary)
• Without this, bg-primary etc. won't exist

Step 3: Apply Base Styles

@layer base {
  body {
    background-color: var(--background);  /* NO hsl() here */
    color: var(--foreground);
  }
}

Critical Rules:

• ✅ Reference variables directly: var(--background)
• ❌ Never double-wrap: hsl(var(--background))

Step 4: Result - Automatic Dark Mode

<div className="bg-background text-foreground">
  {/* No dark: variants needed - theme switches automatically */}
</div>

---

Dark Mode Setup

1. Create ThemeProvider

See reference/dark-mode.md for full implementation or use template:

// Copy from: templates/theme-provider.tsx

2. Wrap Your App

// src/main.tsx
import { ThemeProvider } from '@/components/theme-provider'

ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <ThemeProvider defaultTheme="dark" storageKey="vite-ui-theme">
      <App />
    </ThemeProvider>
  </React.StrictMode>,
)

3. Add Theme Toggle

pnpm dlx shadcn@latest add dropdown-menu

See reference/dark-mode.md for ModeToggle component code.

---

Critical Rules (MUST FOLLOW)

✅ Always Do:

1. Wrap color values with hsl() in :root and .dark

   --background: hsl(0 0% 100%);  /* ✅ Correct */
   

2. Use @theme inline to map all CSS variables

   @theme inline {
     --color-background: var(--background);
   }
   

3. Set "tailwind.config": "" in components.json

   { "tailwind": { "config": "" } }
   

4. Delete tailwind.config.ts if it exists

5. Use @tailwindcss/vite plugin (NOT PostCSS)

6. Use cn() for conditional classes

   import { cn } from "@/lib/utils"
   <div className={cn("base", isActive && "active")} />
   

❌ Never Do:

1. Put :root or .dark inside @layer base

   /* WRONG */
   @layer base {
     :root { --background: hsl(...); }
   }
   

2. Use .dark { @theme { } } pattern

   /* WRONG - v4 doesn't support nested @theme */
   .dark {
     @theme {
       --color-primary: hsl(...);
     }
   }
   

3. Double-wrap colors

   /* WRONG */
   body {
     background-color: hsl(var(--background));
   }
   

4. Use tailwind.config.ts for theme colors

   /* WRONG - v4 ignores this */
   export default {
     theme: {
       extend: {
         colors: { primary: 'hsl(var(--primary))' }
       }
     }
   }
   

5. Use @apply directive (deprecated in v4)

6. Use dark: variants for semantic colors

   /* WRONG */
   <div className="bg-primary dark:bg-primary-dark" />
   
   /* CORRECT */
   <div className="bg-primary" />
   

---

Semantic Color Tokens

Always use semantic names for colors:

:root {
  --destructive: hsl(0 84.2% 60.2%);        /* Red - errors, critical */
  --success: hsl(142.1 76.2% 36.3%);        /* Green - success states */
  --warning: hsl(38 92% 50%);               /* Yellow - warnings */
  --info: hsl(221.2 83.2% 53.3%);           /* Blue - info, primary */
}

Usage:

<div className="bg-destructive text-destructive-foreground">Critical</div>
<div className="bg-success text-success-foreground">Success</div>
<div className="bg-warning text-warning-foreground">Warning</div>
<div className="bg-info text-info-foreground">Info</div>

---

Common Issues & Quick Fixes

Symptom	Cause	Fix
bg-primary doesn't work	Missing @theme inline mapping	Add @theme inline block
Colors all black/white	Double hsl() wrapping	Use var(--color) not hsl(var(--color))
Dark mode not switching	Missing ThemeProvider	Wrap app in <ThemeProvider>
Build fails	tailwind.config.ts exists	Delete the file
Text invisible	Wrong contrast colors	Check color definitions in :root/.dark

See reference/common-gotchas.md for complete troubleshooting guide.

---

File Templates

All templates are available in the templates/ directory:

• index.css - Complete CSS setup with all color variables
• components.json - shadcn/ui v4 configuration
• vite.config.ts - Vite + Tailwind plugin setup
• tsconfig.app.json - TypeScript with path aliases
• theme-provider.tsx - Dark mode provider with localStorage
• utils.ts - cn() utility for class merging

Copy these files to your project and customize as needed.

---

Complete Setup Checklist

• Vite + React + TypeScript project created
• @tailwindcss/vite installed (NOT postcss)
• vite.config.ts uses tailwindcss() plugin
• tsconfig.json has path aliases configured
• components.json exists with "config": ""
• NO tailwind.config.ts file exists
• src/index.css follows v4 pattern:
  • :root and .dark at root level (not in @layer)
  • Colors wrapped with hsl()
  • @theme inline maps all variables
  • @layer base uses unwrapped variables
• Theme provider installed and wrapping app
• Dark mode toggle component created
• Test theme switching works in browser

---

Advanced Topics

Load references/advanced-usage.md for advanced patterns including:

• Custom Colors: Add semantic colors beyond default palette
• v3 Migration: See references/migration-guide.md for complete guide
• Component Best Practices: Semantic tokens, cn() utility, composition patterns

Quick Example:

:root { --brand: hsl(280 65% 60%); }
@theme inline { --color-brand: var(--brand); }

Usage: <div className="bg-brand">Branded</div>

For detailed patterns and component composition examples, load references/advanced-usage.md.

---

Dependencies

✅ Install These

{
  "dependencies": {
    "tailwindcss": "^4.1.17",
    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.17",
    "clsx": "^2.1.1",
    "tailwind-merge": "^3.3.1",
    "@radix-ui/react-*": "latest",
    "lucide-react": "^0.554.0",
    "react": "^19.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^19.2.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^24.10.1",
    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^5.1.1",
    "vite": "^7.2.4",
    "typescript": "~5.9.3"
  }
}

❌ NEVER Install These (Deprecated in v4)

# These packages will cause build errors:
bun add tailwindcss-animate  # ❌ Deprecated
# or: npm install tailwindcss-animate  # ❌ Deprecated

bun add tw-animate-css      # ❌ Doesn't exist

If you see import errors for these packages, remove them and use native CSS animations or @tailwindcss/motion instead.

---

Tailwind v4 Plugins

Tailwind v4 supports official plugins using the @plugin directive in CSS.

Quick Example:

@import "tailwindcss";
@plugin "@tailwindcss/typography";
@plugin "@tailwindcss/forms";

Common Error: ❌ WRONG: @import "@tailwindcss/typography" (doesn't work) ✅ CORRECT: @plugin "@tailwindcss/typography" (use @plugin directive)

Built-in Features: Container queries are now core (no @tailwindcss/container-queries plugin needed).

Load references/plugins-reference.md for complete documentation including Typography plugin (prose classes), Forms plugin, installation steps, and common plugin errors.

---

Reference Documentation

For deeper understanding, see:

• common-gotchas.md - All the ways it can break (and fixes)
• dark-mode.md - Complete dark mode implementation
• migration-guide.md - Migrating hardcoded colors to CSS variables
• plugins-reference.md - Official Tailwind v4 plugins (Typography, Forms)
• advanced-usage.md - Custom colors and advanced patterns

---

When to Load References

Load reference files based on user's specific needs:

Load references/common-gotchas.md when:

• User reports "colors not working" or "bg-primary doesn't exist"
• Dark mode not switching properly
• Build fails with Tailwind errors
• User encounters any CSS/configuration issue
• Debugging theme problems

Load references/dark-mode.md when:

• User asks to implement dark mode
• Theme switching not working
• Need ThemeProvider component code
• Questions about system theme detection

Load references/migration-guide.md when:

• Migrating from Tailwind v3 to v4
• User has hardcoded colors to migrate
• Questions about v3 → v4 changes
• Need migration checklist

Load references/plugins-reference.md when:

• User needs Typography plugin (prose class)
• User needs Forms plugin
• Questions about @plugin directive
• Plugin installation errors

Load references/advanced-usage.md when:

• User asks about custom colors beyond defaults
• Need advanced component patterns
• Questions about component best practices
• Component composition questions

---

Official Documentation

• shadcn/ui Vite Setup: https://ui.shadcn.com/docs/installation/vite
• shadcn/ui Tailwind v4 Guide: https://ui.shadcn.com/docs/tailwind-v4
• shadcn/ui Dark Mode (Vite): https://ui.shadcn.com/docs/dark-mode/vite
• Tailwind v4 Docs: https://tailwindcss.com/docs
• shadcn/ui Theming: https://ui.shadcn.com/docs/theming

---

Production Example

This skill is based on production-tested implementations:

• Stack: Vite + React 19 + Tailwind v4 + shadcn/ui + Cloudflare Workers
• Dark Mode: Full system/light/dark support
• Version: Tailwind v4.1.17 + shadcn/ui latest (Nov 2025)

All patterns in this skill have been validated in production.

---

Questions? Issues?

1. Check reference/common-gotchas.md first
2. Verify all steps in the 4-step architecture
3. Ensure components.json has "config": ""
4. Delete tailwind.config.ts if it exists
5. Check official docs: https://ui.shadcn.com/docs/tailwind-v4