nws-flood-thresholds

Download flood stage thresholds from NWS (National Weather Service). Use when determining flood levels for USGS stations, accessing action/minor/moderate/major flood stages, or matching stations to their flood thresholds.

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name	nws-flood-thresholds
description	Download flood stage thresholds from NWS (National Weather Service). Use when determining flood levels for USGS stations, accessing action/minor/moderate/major flood stages, or matching stations to their flood thresholds.
license	MIT

NWS Flood Thresholds Guide

Overview

The National Weather Service (NWS) maintains flood stage thresholds for thousands of stream gages across the United States. These thresholds define when water levels become hazardous.

Data Sources

Option 1: Bulk CSV Download (Recommended for Multiple Stations)

https://water.noaa.gov/resources/downloads/reports/nwps_all_gauges_report.csv

Option 2: Individual Station Pages

https://water.noaa.gov/gauges/<station_id>

Example: https://water.noaa.gov/gauges/04118105

Flood Stage Categories

Category	CSV Column	Description
Action Stage	`action stage`	Water level requiring monitoring, preparation may be needed
Flood Stage (Minor)	`flood stage`	Minimal property damage, some public threat. Use this to determine if flooding occurred.
Moderate Flood Stage	`moderate flood stage`	Structure inundation, evacuations may be needed
Major Flood Stage

import pandas as pd
import csv
import urllib.request
import io

nws_url = "https://water.noaa.gov/resources/downloads/reports/nwps_all_gauges_report.csv"

response = urllib.request.urlopen(nws_url)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
reader = csv.reader(io.StringIO(content))
headers = next(reader)
data = [row[:43] for row in reader]  # Truncate to 43 columns
nws_df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=headers)

data = [row[:43] for row in reader]

Column Name	Description
`usgs id`	USGS station ID (8-digit string)
`location name`	Station name/location
`state`	Two-letter state code
`action stage`	Action threshold (feet)
`flood stage`	Minor flood threshold (feet)
`moderate flood stage`	Moderate flood threshold (feet)
`major flood stage`	Major flood threshold (feet)

nws_df['flood stage'] = pd.to_numeric(nws_df['flood stage'], errors='coerce')

# Get stations for a specific state
state_stations = nws_df[
    (nws_df['state'] == '<STATE_CODE>') &
    (nws_df['usgs id'].notna()) &
    (nws_df['usgs id'] != '') &
    (nws_df['flood stage'].notna()) &
    (nws_df['flood stage'] != -9999)
]

# Build a dictionary of station thresholds
station_ids = ['<id_1>', '<id_2>', '<id_3>']
thresholds = {}

for _, row in nws_df.iterrows():
    usgs_id = str(row['usgs id']).strip()
    if usgs_id in station_ids:
        thresholds[usgs_id] = {
            'name': row['location name'],
            'flood': row['flood stage']
        }

Issue	Cause	Solution
Column mismatch error	CSV has 44 data columns but 43 headers	Truncate rows to 43 columns
Missing thresholds	Station not in NWS database	Skip station or use alternative source
Value is -9999	No threshold defined	Filter out these values
Empty usgs id	NWS-only station	Filter by `usgs id != ''`