notify-channel-copilot

name	notify-channel-copilot
description	Helps users modify, create, or troubleshoot Nightingale (n9e) notify channels (notify_channel). Use it when the user asks to change the URL, request body, signature, headers, proxy, TLS, @-mentions, or recipient fields of channels such as DingTalk/Feishu/WeCom/email/SMS/voice/Webhook, or asks "how do I integrate platform X" or "why can't it send / why am I getting 9499 / Bad Request". This skill focuses on **the channel-layer configuration**—if the user is changing "message content/fields/rendering", switch to generate-message-template instead.
tags	["internal"]

Nightingale (n9e) Notify Channel Modification

Scope (first determine which layer the user is changing)

The Nightingale notification pipeline has three layers, each with different pain points:

Layer	Entity	Key files	Does this skill cover it
Channel Notify Channel	notify_channel table, NotifyChannelConfig	models/notify_channel.go, alert/sender/provider/*.go	Yes
Message Template Notify Template	notify_tpl table	models/notify_tpl.go	No (use generate-message-template)
Notify Rule	notify_rule table	models/notify_rule.go	No

How to decide:

• The user's wording mentions "URL/Webhook address/request header/timeout/proxy/signature/secret key/AppID/AppSecret/CorpID/integration"—channel layer, stay in this skill.
• The user's wording mentions "template/body/field/variable/rendering/title/card color"—template layer, switch to generate-message-template.
• The user's wording mentions "who to send to/recipient/subscription/filter/label matching"—rule layer, out of scope for this skill.

---

Data model NotifyChannelConfig

models/notify_channel.go:

type NotifyChannelConfig struct {
    ID          int64
    Name        string                // display name
    Ident       string                // channel type (the key that routes to a provider, see table below)
    Description string
    Enable      bool

    ParamConfig   *NotifyParamConfig   // user parameters: contact_key + custom params
    RequestType   string               // http | smtp | script | flashduty | pagerduty
    RequestConfig *RequestConfig       // pick the matching sub-struct by ident/request_type

    Weight int
}

RequestConfig is a union: only one field is filled depending on the channel type:

Field	Applicable ident
HTTPRequestConfig	all channels that use a pure HTTP webhook (dingtalk, feishu, wecom, telegram, slackwebhook, callback, …)
SMTPRequestConfig	email
ScriptRequestConfig	script
FlashDutyRequestConfig	flashduty
PagerDutyRequestConfig	pagerduty
DingtalkAppRequestConfig	dingtalkapp (DingTalk app, currently not registered, see provider/init.go)
FeishuAppRequestConfig	feishuapp
WecomAppRequestConfig	wecomapp

---

Built-in ident overview (models/user.go + alert/sender/provider/init.go)

Ident	Provider	Request type	One-liner
dingtalk	DingtalkProvider	HTTP	DingTalk group robot webhook
wecom	WecomProvider	HTTP	WeCom group robot webhook
feishu	simpleHTTPProvider	HTTP	Feishu group robot markdown (early)
feishucard	FeishuCardProvider	HTTP	Feishu message card (supports color switching/@-mentions)
lark	simpleHTTPProvider	HTTP	Lark (international Feishu) markdown
larkcard	LarkCardProvider	HTTP	Lark card
feishuapp	FeishuAppProvider	HTTP (App)	Feishu app robot (DM/group)
wecomapp	WecomAppProvider	HTTP (App)	WeCom self-built app
telegram	simpleHTTPProvider	HTTP	Telegram Bot
discord	simpleHTTPProvider	HTTP	Discord webhook
slackbot / slackwebhook	simpleHTTPProvider	HTTP	Slack
mattermostbot / mattermostwebhook	simpleHTTPProvider	HTTP	Mattermost
jira / jsm_alert	simpleHTTPProvider	HTTP	Jira / JSM ticket-type
email	EmailProvider	SMTP	Email
tx-sms	TencentSmsProvider	HTTP	Tencent Cloud SMS
tx-voice	TencentVoiceProvider	HTTP	Tencent Cloud voice

Registration mechanism: Resolve() in provider/registry.go: first does an exact lookup by Ident → if not found, falls back by RequestType to a generic provider (callback/script/email/flashduty/pagerduty). So a custom ident (e.g. my-internal-webhook) works as long as request_type=http, falling back to callback.

---

HTTPRequestConfig field details

type HTTPRequestConfig struct {
    URL           string                 // full URL, may contain {{ ... }} template variables
    Method        string                 // GET | POST | PUT
    Headers       map[string]string      // header values may also contain template variables
    Proxy         string                 // like http://proxy:port, empty means direct connection
    Timeout       int                    // milliseconds, default 10000
    Concurrency   int                    // concurrency, default 5
    RetryTimes    int                    // default 3
    RetryInterval int                    // milliseconds, default 100
    TLS           *TLSConfig             // {Enable, CertFile, KeyFile, CAFile, SkipVerify}
    Request       RequestDetail          // {Parameters: query string, Form, Body}
}

The Body field is a string; inside it you reference the event using Go template syntax, and the actual data fields follow the field dictionary from generate-message-template ($event.RuleName, $labels.ident, timeformat, unescaped, etc.). The Body is rendered through html/template, so < and & get escaped—a JSON Body is usually unaffected, but when writing HTML tags in the template you need {{unescaped "<b>..."}}.

URL / Headers / Parameters are rendered through templates the same way (alert/sender/provider/http_common.go:113-142 replaceVariables). Key details:

• Only when it contains {{ does it go through html/template; otherwise it is kept verbatim (needsTemplateRendering filters it first).
• The context is shared with the Body—the 6 variables from the next section.

Examples:

• Route the URL by severity level: http://bot/notify?level={{$event.Severity}}
• Inject auth into a header: Authorization: Bearer {{$params.token}}
• Concatenate all recipients' phone numbers into the query: ?ats={{range $i,$s := $sendtos}}{{if $i}},{{end}}{{$s}}{{end}}

---

Template context — variables you can use

All HTTP-type providers share alert/sender/provider/http_common.go:SendHTTPRequest. When rendering Body / URL / Headers / Parameters, these 6 variables are injected uniformly (line 34-44):

Variable	Source	Typical use
$event	events[0], the first AlertCurEvent of this batch	{{$event.RuleName}} / {{$event.Severity}} / {{$event.TriggerValue}}
$events	[]*AlertCurEvent, the whole batch	callback default template {{ jsonMarshal $events }}
$sendtos	[]string, resolved from each recipient's contact_info by the channel's ContactKey	{{range $sendtos}}...{{end}}, {{ jsonMarshal $sendtos }}
$sendto	sendtos[0], present only when len(sendtos)>0	single-recipient rendering
$params	the channel's ParamConfig.Custom.Params	SMS template's SignName / TemplateId
$tpl	custom fields attached in the notify template	used when decoupling the template from the channel

In addition, $event.NotifyUsersObj is also valid: a []*User array containing the complete User objects of all recipients in this batch (models/alert_cur_event.go:65 + alert/dispatch/dispatch.go:971). It is a field left over from the v6 notify.py era (gorm:"-", runtime-only), and is still populated in v8. The difference from $sendtos:

• $sendtos: a plain string array, already resolved by ContactKey, preferred for simple scenarios.
• $event.NotifyUsersObj: a full User object array, used when the template needs multiple fields like Phone + Email + Username at the same time, e.g. {{range $event.NotifyUsersObj}}{{.Phone}} {{.Username}}{{end}}.

Where $sendtos comes from (alert/dispatch/dispatch.go:451-541 GetNotifyConfigParams): Take the user_ids + user_group_ids from this notify_rule's NotifyConfig → query UserCache → read the value from each user's contact_info JSON by the channel's ParamConfig.UserInfo.ContactKey → deduplicate → build []string.

⚠️ Therefore:

• ContactKey=phone but the user's contact_info.phone is empty → this person doesn't make it into sendtos.
• For a custom key like ContactKey=dingtalk_robot_token, the user's contact_info JSON must also have a key of the same name. Otherwise $sendtos is an empty array, and $sendto is simply undefined.
• This is the most common root cause of "test notification works but real alerts don't go out" (see the dedicated "Test works but real alerts don't go out" section in the debugging chapter).

---

The "required-fields map" for each channel

Below is the minimal usable configuration for each channel—when the user asks "how do I integrate X", just tell them to fill in these few fields.

1) DingTalk group robot dingtalk

• request_type=http, HTTPRequestConfig:
  • URL: the group robot webhook (DingTalk admin → group settings → Group Assistant → Add Robot → Custom)
  • Method: POST
  • Headers: Content-Type: application/json
  • Body: JSON markdown, see provider/dingtalk_provider.go. The text field must contain a keyword (DingTalk group robot allowlist check: the keyword you set when creating the robot in DingTalk must appear in the message text).
• Signing vs keyword: the built-in DingTalk provider in n9e only supports keyword validation. The signing mechanism requires appending &timestamp=&sign= to the URL query, and there is currently no native toggle for it. If the user must use signing:
  1. Use the callback channel and assemble the signed URL yourself (writing it in URL for render-time is awkward and needs a pre-script), or
  2. Switch to the script channel to call a script.
  3. Recommended wording: "For the DingTalk robot, please switch to keyword validation; the signing mechanism is not natively supported in the open-source version."
• @-mentions: depend on the at.atMobiles / atUserIds arrays in the message body. The built-in DingTalk provider's request body is assembled by the message template, so in the template use {{batchContactsAts}} or range over $event.NotifyUsersObj yourself to get .Phone.

2) WeCom group robot wecom

• URL: the group robot webhook
• Method: POST, Content-Type: application/json
• Limitations: the group robot markdown does not support <font color>; @-mentions rely on mentioned_mobile_list/mentioned_list; the new version of WeCom has retired group robots, so newly created groups no longer have a webhook address—at that point you can only switch to the wecomapp self-built app.

3) WeCom self-built app wecomapp

• request_type=http, but uses WecomAppRequestConfig:
  • CorpID, CorpSecret, AgentID (obtained from the WeCom admin console)
  • Proxy / Timeout / RetryTimes / RetrySleep
• Uses provider/wecomapp_provider.go, which automatically manages access_token refresh.
• Recipient field: the user's contact_info.wecom_userid (filled in user management).

4) Feishu group robot (markdown) feishu

• Uses simpleHTTPProvider, template-driven. Set HTTPRequestConfig.URL to the group robot webhook, and Body to a JSON template.
• Signature validation: a Feishu group robot secret, like DingTalk signing, falls under "timestamp + signature embedded in the message body". The built-in feishu provider in n9e likewise has no automatic signing. Solutions:
  1. When creating the group robot, do not check "Signature validation", and use "Custom keyword" or "IP allowlist" instead.
  2. If signing is mandatory → use a custom script channel.
• Backslash Bad Request 9499: the Feishu webhook receives JSON, and a backslash \ is a JSON escape character. Label values like the Windows path D:\foo or device="D:" will break the JSON if they go directly into the body. In the template use {{$labels.path | jsonMarshal}} to convert the string into a valid JSON string (with quotes), or use label_replace at the PromQL/rule source to strip out the \.

5) Feishu card feishucard / Lark card larkcard

• Uses FeishuCardProvider / LarkCardProvider, sending Feishu v2 message cards.
• Configuration items are the same as feishu (URL + optional secret). Body is a complete interactive card JSON.
• Card color switching: a Feishu card only recognizes enumerated colors (red / orange / yellow / green / turquoise / blue / indigo / purple / carmine / grey); writing hex is invalid. The color is written in the header.template field and rendered by the template based on IsRecovered / Severity.
• @-mentions: use <at email=...></at> or <at id=...></at>; the template uses {{batchContactsAtsInFeishuEmail $event.NotifyUsersObj}} or {{batchContactsAtsInFeishuId ...}}.

6) Feishu self-built app feishuapp

• Uses FeishuAppRequestConfig:
  • AppID, AppSecret
  • ReceiveIDType: open_id / user_id / email / chat_id (determines which contact_info.feishu_* field is used)
• Uses provider/feishuapp_provider.go, which automatically manages tenant_access_token.

7) Email email

• request_type=smtp, SMTPRequestConfig:
  • Host, Port, Username, Password, From
  • InsecureSkipVerify: set to true for self-signed certificates
  • Batch: how many recipients to pack in at most per send (to avoid exceeding the SMTP server's per-send recipient limit)
• Email subject template: stored separately in the notify_tpl table, with ident mailsubject (see the EmailSubject constant). The fix path for "the subject contains all labels and leaks information" is to change this template, not touch the channel.
• HTML vs plain text: the email body template uses text/template (no escaping), so you can write HTML tags directly. Other IM-type channels use html/template and need unescaped as a fallback.

8) SMS/voice (Tencent Cloud / Alibaba Cloud) tx-sms / tx-voice / ali-sms / ali-voice

• Common structure: uses HTTPRequestConfig, but the real credentials are filled via the custom parameters in ParamConfig.Custom.Params (SecretId / SecretKey / SDKAppId / TemplateId / SignName, etc.).
• Template-variable-missing error: "test notification shows the template variable is missing a corresponding parameter value"—the order/count of SMS template parameters must be strictly consistent with the template approved in the provider's console.
  • Investigation path: ① provider console → find the TemplateId → see how many ${1} ${2} the template content has; ② the params array in the n9e template must be filled according to this count; ③ the field names/order must align.
• Chinese garbled text (voice/callback): n9e encodes the body as UTF-8 by default, but some voice provider interfaces require GBK or url-encoded Chinese—try {{$event.RuleName | escape}} in the parameters, or transcode in the script channel.

9) PagerDuty pagerduty

• PagerDutyRequestConfig: Proxy, ApiKey (account-level API Key, not a routing key), Timeout, RetryTimes, RetrySleep.
• Uses the PagerDuty Events API v2. Don't mistakenly fill the ApiKey with an Integration Key (a common pitfall).

10) Flashduty flashduty

• FlashDutyRequestConfig: IntegrationUrl (one URL per integration), Proxy, Timeout, RetryTimes, RetrySleep.
• The integration entry point provided by Flashduty; the template is handled by the Flashduty backend, so on the n9e side it is almost a "pass-through of the events array".

11) Script script

• ScriptRequestConfig:
  • ScriptType: python / shell
  • Script: the script content (written to a temp file at runtime and then executed)
  • Path: you can also directly give the path of an existing script
  • Timeout: milliseconds
• The alert data is passed in via stdin as JSON—read stdin in the script and parse it.
• Historical baggage: the v6-era notify.py is exactly this fallback path—any weird IM/system requirement (custom signing, private protocol, complex @ logic) can ultimately be covered by script.

12) Callback callback (generic HTTP)

• Any scenario of "hit an HTTP endpoint and send the event JSON over" uses this.
• The default template of HTTPRequestConfig.Body is {{ jsonMarshal $events }} (note it is $events, plural—the whole batch is passed over).
• Custom ident fallback also goes through callback: an ident like my-custom-webhook works as long as request_type=http (see Registry.Resolve).

⚠️ The most common pitfall for users upgrading from v6/v7: $sendtos is already auto-injected into the template context (http_common.go:36), but Callback's default Body template {{ jsonMarshal $events }} only outputs events and does not reference sendtos. A downstream jenkins / auto-dial / self-healing script that wants "the recipient contact info of this notification" won't get it. The fix is to explicitly add it to the Body:

{
  "events": {{ jsonMarshal $events }},
  "sendtos": {{ jsonMarshal $sendtos }}
}

It's not that the context lacks it—it's that the default template doesn't reference it.

---

Three paths to modify a notify channel

Path A: UI (recommended)

• Path: System Config → Notification Config → Notify Channel → select channel → Edit
• Applies to: 90% of scenarios. Change the URL, change the timeout, change the body, change the headers, add custom parameters.
• One important pitfall: once created, the "channel type" (i.e. Ident) cannot be modified in the UI. To switch the type you can only delete and recreate.

Path B: HTTP API

• POST /api/n9e/notify-channel (create), PUT /api/n9e/notify-channel/:id (update), DELETE /api/n9e/notify-channel/:id
• Look at center/router/router_notify_channel.go for the exact paths and request body formats.
• Applies to: bulk changes, migration, provisioning config in CI.

Path C: edit the DB directly (last resort)

• Table notify_channel, where request_config is a JSON field.
• Note: ① after editing, the server must reload (n9e pulls every 9 seconds, no restart needed); ② a bad JSON edit will cause Verify to fail and make the whole channel unusable—before editing, mysqldump -t notify_channel > backup.sql.

---

Debugging and troubleshooting

Check whether the channel actually sent a request

Two layers of evidence, from coarse to fine.

Layer 1: the notification_record table—one record per channel call, regardless of success or failure:

SELECT id, target, channel, status, error_message, send_time, details
FROM notification_record
WHERE channel = '<channel ident>'
ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 20;

• status=success: it was sent; how the peer handles it is unrelated to n9e.
• status=failure: error_message usually carries the peer's HTTP status code or an error description.
• The details field is varchar(2048) (models/notification_record.go:22), so a long body gets truncated—at that point go to layer 2.

Layer 2: the center service log—the real log formats in alert/sender/provider/http_common.go:

Level	Location	grep keyword	Content
Info	line 55	url:	the rendered URL / Headers / Parameters
Error	line 63/69/80	send_http: failed	on failure, the url + request_body + error, visible at info level
Debug	line 78	send http request:	the full req + resp + response body
Debug	line 213	URL:	the full URL, Method, Headers, params, Body (including template-rendered content)

Steps:

1. Failure troubleshooting does not require enabling debug; just grep 'send_http: failed' n9e-center.log to get the url + body + error.
2. To see the full request body when sending succeeds but the content looks wrong → change the center log level to debug (default info), then grep -E 'send http request:|^.*URL:' n9e-center.log.
3. Debug logs are not affected by the 2048-byte truncation of notification_record.details.

Quick reference for common errors

Symptom	Most likely cause	Investigation
Feishu {"code":9499,"msg":"Bad Request"}	the body JSON is invalid, most likely a backslash/unescaped quote	use {{... | jsonMarshal}} for all label values in the template, or confirm all quotes are escaped
DingTalk "keyword does not match"	the DingTalk robot has keyword validation enabled, but the keyword doesn't appear in the text	always include the keyword in the rule name/alert title, or add the robot to the allowlist
DingTalk/Feishu "timestamp is invalid" / "sign not match"	signature validation is enabled but n9e didn't sign automatically	switch to keyword/IP allowlist, or use the script channel
Email tls: handshake failure	the SMTP server certificate verification failed	InsecureSkipVerify: true or change the port (587 STARTTLS / 465 SSL)
connect: i/o timeout	the network is unreachable or a proxy is needed	fill HTTPRequestConfig.Proxy with the proxy address, and confirm the machine can resolve the webhook domain
SMS "template variable is missing a corresponding parameter value"	the count of ${1} in the Alibaba Cloud/Tencent Cloud SMS template doesn't match the params array in n9e	compare against the template content in the provider console and fill in the missing ones in order
Saving a custom ident shows unsupported channel	the ident is not registered and request_type is not in the fallback table	RequestType must be one of http/script/smtp/flashduty/pagerduty
A channel tests OK but real alerts don't go out	sendtos is empty for real alerts (the recipient's contact_info is missing the field) / the notify_rule didn't select this channel	see the dedicated "Test works but real alerts don't go out" section below

Test works but real alerts don't go out

A common problem. The root cause is the source of sendtos differs between a test and a real alert:

• The test button: POST /notify-rule/test → the tester fills the recipients directly in the UI form, and sendtos comes from the values filled in the form. As long as the channel's own URL/Body/Headers are fine, it can send.
• Real alerts: go through alert/dispatch/dispatch.go GetNotifyConfigParams, taking the notify_rule's user_ids / user_group_ids → query users → read the field from contact_info by ContactKey → build sendtos. A gap anywhere makes sendtos empty, and this path silently sends nothing.

Three investigation steps:

1. Look at the recipient scope of this notify_rule config:

   SELECT user_ids, user_group_ids FROM notify_rule WHERE id=<id>;
   

2. Pull out these users and check whether the field corresponding to ContactKey is empty:

   SELECT id, username, contact_info FROM users WHERE id IN (...);
   

   When ContactKey is phone, look at contact_info.phone; for a custom key (e.g. dingtalk_robot_token), read the value under the same name.
3. For the business-group / team case, also query the team membership table:

   SELECT user_id FROM team_user WHERE team_id=<id>;
   

If any layer is empty → sendtos is empty → real alerts don't send on this path, but the test sends because the form filled in the values.

End-to-end verification steps

1. The "Test" button on the channel page: the backend is POST /notify-rule/test (center/router/router_notify_rule.go:142, 172-264), which directly calls Provider.Notify to actually send one message—the recipient/title/body filled in the form really go through the webhook out to the group. Note this step does not invoke the sendtos resolution logic; it sends whatever is filled in the form. If it can send, it means this channel's URL / Headers / Body template / network / credentials / signature are all fine; if it can't send, the channel's own pipeline has a problem. (There is no Provider.Check method in the code; don't mislead the user in docs or speech into looking for it.)
2. Test passes but still can't send → go to the "Test works but real alerts don't go out" section above to investigate sendtos.
3. Real alerts go out but the content is wrong → go to layer 2 of the "Check whether the channel actually sent a request" section above, enable debug log, and capture the full request body.

---

The standard procedure for "adding/copying a channel"

When the user asks "I want to integrate Slack / Feishu with signing / an internal HTTP system", give them this template:

1. Choose the ident:

   • Common public platforms (Slack/Discord/Telegram/Lark/Jira) → use the built-in ident.
   • A private system/self-built HTTP service → pick any ident (e.g. my-internal-bot), request_type=http is enough.
   • Complex signing/state machine/encoding → pick your own ident, request_type=script.

2. Fill in RequestConfig: HTTP-type channels fill HTTPRequestConfig, at minimum URL + Method + Headers.Content-Type + Body.

3. The minimal skeleton of the Body template (using DingTalk markdown as an example):

   {
     "msgtype": "markdown",
     "markdown": {
       "title": "{{$event.RuleName}}",
       "text": "#### {{if $event.IsRecovered}}Recovered{{else}}Alerting{{end}}: {{$event.RuleName}}\n- Object: {{$event.TargetIdent}}\n- Trigger value: {{$event.TriggerValue}}\n- Time: {{timeformat $event.TriggerTime}}"
     },
     "at": {
       "atMobiles": [{{range $i, $u := $event.NotifyUsersObj}}{{if $i}}endend
        
     
   
   

---

Output style

When the user asks "how do I change X", answer using this routine:

1. In one sentence, point out which layer to change (channel/template/rule). If the user is actually asking about the template/rule, first redirect them to the correct skill.
2. Give field-level instructions: touch a precise path like notify_channel.request_config.http_request_config.headers, not a vague "go change it in the admin console".
3. If a built-in ident can be used, prefer the built-in (feishucard is better than a hand-written feishu webhook).
4. For known pitfalls like signing/special encoding/backslashes, say directly that you've "hit this before" and give the solution—don't make the user go through trial and error.
5. Throughout, never change the database or call the API on the user's behalf—only tell them which field to change and how to verify.