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Use when loop variables iterate over character values (e.g., ASCII codes) to represent different operations or choices
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Use when printf statements output strings without trailing newlines
Use when array is accessed with direct user input as index (0-based indexing)
Use when the program accesses a precomputed table using an offset (e.g., arr[n-1]) that introduces an arithmetic operation between the symbolic input and the index
Use when code uses a loop to search for an input value in an array and then uses the found index for further computation
Use when code reads a fixed number of characters into an array and only accesses individual elements
Use when code uses an array to store a single character/value that is only accessed at one index
| name | arithmetic-over-char-iteration |
| description | Use when loop variables iterate over character values (e.g., ASCII codes) to represent different operations or choices |
A KLEE-coverage code transformation. Applying it rewrites C source so symbolic execution explores more of the program's behavior.
When loop variables iterate over character values (e.g., ASCII codes) to represent different operations or choices
Replace character-based iteration with integer indices into an array that maps to the desired values or operations
KLEE handles integer constraints more efficiently than character arithmetic constraints, and array indexing with simple integer bounds creates cleaner path conditions that are easier for the constraint solver to reason about
Before:
#include<stdio.h>
char str[8];
int a,b,c,d;
int main(void){
register int i,j,k,ans;
gets(str);
a=str[0]-'0';b=str[1]-'0';c=str[2]-'0';d=str[3]-'0';
for(i='+';i<='-';i+=2)
for(j='+';j<='-';j+=2)
for(k='+';k<='-';k+=2){
ans=a;
if(i=='+')
ans+=b;
else
ans-=b;
if(j=='+')
ans+=c;
else
ans-=c;
if(k=='+')
ans+=d;
else
ans-=d;
if(ans==7)
return printf("%d%c%d%c%d%c%d=7\n",a,i,b,j,c,k,d),0;
}
return 0;
}
After:
#include <stdio.h>
int math[]={-1,1};
int main()
{
int a[4];register int i,j,k;
for(i=0; i<4; ++i)
{
char c=getchar();
a[i]=c-'0';
}
for (i=0; i<2; ++i)
for (j=0; j<2; ++j)
for (k=0; k<2; ++k)
if(a[0]+math[i]*a[1]+math[j]*a[2]+math[k]*a[3]==7)
{
printf("%d",a[0]);
printf("%c",i==0?'-':'+');
printf("%d",a[1]);
printf("%c",j==0?'-':'+');
printf("%d",a[2]);
printf("%c",k==0?'-':'+');
printf("%d",a[3]);
printf("=7\n");
return 0;
}
}
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