t1553-003-sip-and-trust-provider-hijacking

name	T1553.003_sip-and-trust-provider-hijacking
description	Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks.
category	configuration
version	18.1
author	cyberstrike-official
tags	["mitre-attack","enterprise","t1553.003","defense-evasion","windows","sub-technique"]
technique_id	T1553.003
tactic	defense-evasion
all_tactics	["defense-evasion"]
platforms	["Windows"]
mitre_url	https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/003
tech_stack	["windows"]
cwe_ids	["CWE-693"]
chains_with	["T1553","T1553.001","T1553.002","T1553.004","T1553.005","T1553.006"]
prerequisites	["T1553"]
severity_boost	{"T1553":"Chain with T1553 for deeper attack path","T1553.001":"Chain with T1553.001 for deeper attack path","T1553.002":"Chain with T1553.002 for deeper attack path"}

T1553.003 SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking

Sub-technique of: T1553

High-Level Description

Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation process is handled via the WinVerifyTrust application programming interface (API) function, which accepts an inquiry and coordinates with the appropriate trust provider, which is responsible for validating parameters of a signature.

Because of the varying executable file types and corresponding signature formats, Microsoft created software components called Subject Interface Packages (SIPs) to provide a layer of abstraction between API functions and files. SIPs are responsible for enabling API functions to create, retrieve, calculate, and verify signatures. Unique SIPs exist for most file formats (Executable, PowerShell, Installer, etc., with catalog signing providing a catch-all ) and are identified by globally unique identifiers (GUIDs).

Similar to Code Signing, adversaries may abuse this architecture to subvert trust controls and bypass security policies that allow only legitimately signed code to execute on a system. Adversaries may hijack SIP and trust provider components to mislead operating system and application control tools to classify malicious (or any) code as signed by:

• Modifying the Dll and FuncName Registry values in HKLM\SOFTWARE[\WOW6432Node]Microsoft\Cryptography\OID\EncodingType 0\CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg{SIP_GUID} that point to the dynamic link library (DLL) providing a SIP’s CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function, which retrieves an encoded digital certificate from a signed file. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns a known good signature value (ex: a Microsoft signature for Portable Executables) rather than the file’s real signature, an adversary can apply an acceptable signature value to all files using that SIP (although a hash mismatch will likely occur, invalidating the signature, since the hash returned by the function will not match the value computed from the file).
• Modifying the Dll and FuncName Registry values in HKLM\SOFTWARE[WOW6432Node]Microsoft\Cryptography\OID\EncodingType 0\CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData{SIP_GUID} that point to the DLL providing a SIP’s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, which validates a file’s computed hash against the signed hash value. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns TRUE (indicating that the validation was successful), an adversary can successfully validate any file (with a legitimate signature) using that SIP (with or without hijacking the previously mentioned CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function). This Registry value could also be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL, avoiding the requirement to drop and execute a new file on disk.