project-structure

name	project-structure
description	Language-agnostic repo structure conventions used across the user's projects in any language — the user-facing README.md structure (name, logo, description, install, usage, optional background, contribution, references), the docs/ template (application, architecture, code-style, quick-start, tooling, deployment), the AGENTS.md template with a Hard Constraints section (symlinked to CLAUDE.md), nested area AGENTS.md for multi-area repos, optional CONTRIBUTING.md, the pre-commit hook contract with Lefthook as the default and explicit alternatives, scripts directory in the project's own language, co-located tests, the .agents/skills folder symlinked to .claude/skills, and changelog generation with git-cliff. Stack-specific tools (test runners, linters, generators) live in the matching stack skill. Use when scaffolding or restructuring any repo, writing AGENTS.md or docs, or laying out folders.
license	Unlicense OR MIT

Project structure

Instructions

This skill describes layout and documentation patterns that hold regardless of language or runtime. Stack-specific tooling (test runners, linters, generators, hook config) lives in the matching stack skill (e.g. react-stack/SKILL.md, native-nostalgia-stack/SKILL.md).

Top-level layout (by role, not filename)

A repo on this style has these roles at the root, named with whatever convention the language community uses:

Role	What it holds	Examples (varies by language)
Agent context	Operating manual for AI assistants. Symlinked across agent filenames.	AGENTS.md ↔ CLAUDE.md
Contribution rules	Authoritative rules for human contributors. Optional.	CONTRIBUTING.md
Project intro	What the project is and how to run it.	README.md
Build / package manifest	Dependency declaration.	package.json, Cargo.toml, Gemfile, pyproject.toml, *.cabal, *.dpr / *.lpi, etc.
Lockfile	One canonical lockfile for the project's PM.	Whatever the PM produces; forbid all others.
Source	Project code.	src/, app/, lib/, source/, units/, etc.
Tests	Co-located next to the source they cover.	*_test.*, *.test.*, language-native test units alongside the unit under test.
Scripts	One-off automation: env sync, codegen, seed, copy, generate.	scripts/, bin/, tools/
Docs	See the docs/ template below.	docs/
Generator templates (optional)	When a generator tool is in use.	plop-templates/, templates/, _template/
Provisioned agent skills	When the project adopts curated skill packs. Symlinked across agent paths.	.agents/skills/ ↔ .claude/skills/
Static assets (when relevant)	Public files served as-is.	public/, static/, assets/
Generated output	Build artifacts. Not committed unless the language requires it.	dist/, build/, target/, out/

The filenames are language- and ecosystem-specific. The roles are constant.

README.md structure

The root README.md is the project intro for a user, not a contributor manual. It follows this section order. Sections marked optional are left off entirely when they don't apply — never invent content to fill a section.

1. Headline. A single top-level Markdown heading (# Project Name) — not an HTML <h1> tag — that is the project name.
2. Logo — shown only if a logo asset exists in the repo. Skip the section entirely when there is none.
3. Short description. Max 350 characters. What the project is and what its features are. Link to in-depth documentation (docs/, a docs site) when it exists rather than expanding here.
4. Install. Max 100 characters. The single canonical install line — npm install <package>, brew install <formula>, cargo add <crate>, etc.
5. Usage. How a user (not a contributor) uses the project — command-line, code, or a combination. Show the 1–3 most relevant flows and link back to deeper docs (developer flow, full API, configuration) for the rest. Do not document how to work on the project here.
6. (Optional) Background. Anything important for understanding the project's design — mission statement, philosophy, core decisions still open. Include only when it adds real understanding; leave off rather than invent.
7. Contribution. Max 150 characters describing how to install the project locally for development and what's required, then link to the detailed CONTRIBUTING.md / contributing docs when they exist.
8. References. Links to the agent documentation (AGENTS.md) and the license.

Rules:

• The README is user-facing; deep developer/build/test detail lives in docs/ and CONTRIBUTING.md, linked from sections 5 and 7 — not inlined.
• Respect the character caps on sections 3, 4, and 7. When the content doesn't fit, link out instead of overflowing.
• Optional sections (logo, background) are omitted cleanly when they don't apply; do not emit an empty heading.
• Markdown linting and the link check (below) apply to README.md like any other committed markdown.

Tests

Tests must provide regression coverage and real value. Tests are not a checkbox exercise — delete or rewrite tests that no longer catch regressions, and don't author trivial tests to satisfy a coverage target.

• End-to-end tests are the core mechanism. They exercise the system the way it's used in production and are the primary regression net. They live in a dedicated top-level location chosen by the project and run via the project's E2E runner.
• Unit tests cover public API surfaces of the modules under test. They are co-located next to the module they exercise. They do not duplicate coverage that an end-to-end test already provides.
• Layer-specific tests (CLI invocation, HTTP integration, language interop, fuzzing, etc.) are added when that layer is a delivered artifact or a real source of regressions. They are not added by default.

Project-specific conventions (test granularity, what counts as the public API for a given module, edge-case placement, fixture handling) live in the project's docs/code-style.md or docs/testing.md.

docs/ template (filenames are universal)

Every project ships these files in docs/:

File	Contents
README.md (optional)	Index of the docs folder.
application.md or architecture.md	Tech stack, key concepts, core data model, cross-cutting concerns.
quick-start.md	Install + configure + run, fast. Zero to working.
tooling.md	Development commands, environment variables, lint/format/test setup.
code-style.md	Naming, file layout, design tokens (or equivalent project conventions), import/dependency rules.
deployment.md	Build profiles, release/store submission, CI/CD, rollback.

Optional additions when they apply:

• testing-pattern.md — when tests follow a non-obvious convention.
• mcp.md — when the project exposes an MCP server.
• <feature>-mvp.md — feature scope notes for in-flight work.
• decision-log.md — append-only record of decisions.
• spikes/ — point-in-time investigation snapshots.

Documentation rules (apply to every project):

• Every docs/ file (except decision-log.md and root entry points like README.md / AGENTS.md / CONTRIBUTING.md) must include an ## Executive Summary with 3–6 bulleted key points placed after the title and any subtitle. An italic subtitle alone does not satisfy this requirement.
• No duplication. Each topic has one authoritative document; other docs link to it with a one-liner.
• Spikes are snapshots. Files under docs/spikes/ are point-in-time records; do not update after creation. Add a decision log entry instead.
• Decision log entries are immutable. New decisions get new entries; existing entries are not rewritten to match later reality. Cross-links from entries to other docs may be updated when the target is renamed.

Agent file naming and symlinks

Multiple AI tools expect different filenames for the same content. Maintain one canonical file and symlink the others, so the source of truth is unambiguous and edits propagate.

• Canonical: AGENTS.md at the repo root.
• Symlink: CLAUDE.md → AGENTS.md. (Use a real symlink: ln -s AGENTS.md CLAUDE.md. A @AGENTS.md include line is acceptable when symlinks are not viable on the platform, but symlinks are preferred.)
• Canonical: .agents/skills/ directory at the repo root.
• Symlink: .claude/skills → .agents/skills.

Edit only the canonical file or directory. Never write divergent content into the symlinked path.

AGENTS.md template (universal across languages)

The default is a single AGENTS.md at the repo root (with CLAUDE.md symlinked to it as above). Promote to richer variants only when needed.

Required sections, in this order:

# Agent Instructions

## Hard Constraints
- <forbiddens that would silently corrupt the project if violated>
- <e.g. "FreePascal only; do not introduce another compiled language", "Bun only; no npm/pnpm/yarn", "AI SDK via Vercel AI Gateway only">

## Runtime / Commands
<which commands to run, in what order, to build / test / format>

## Code Organization
<which folders hold what; ownership boundaries; layering rules>

## Testing
<test runner, where tests live, what to mock vs hit live, fixture policy>

## Safety / Boundaries
<what must not be written to memory, what cannot be called from where, secrets handling>

Optional sections (add only when they earn their token cost):

• Product Positioning — what this repo is and is not.
• Built-ins / preferred APIs — when the language or runtime has built-ins to prefer over third-party packages.
• MCP Boundary — when the project exposes an MCP server.
• Quick Reference — short build/run/test command table.

Variants:

• Nested <area>/AGENTS.md in multi-area repos. The root file points to the area files; each area file owns its rules. The nearest file wins for that area.
• CONTRIBUTING.md alongside AGENTS.md when humans contribute under strict rules. Treat CONTRIBUTING.md as authoritative for what may be merged; AGENTS.md is agent-only operating context. Do not duplicate content between them — link instead.

Pre-commit hooks

Every project on this style has a pre-commit hook that runs the project's format/lint/fix on staged files and re-stages anything that gets autofixed. The contract:

1. Hook fires on git commit.
2. It runs the project's canonical "format and fix" command on the staged set only.
3. Files modified by the autofix are re-staged so the commit reflects the fixed state.
4. If the command fails on something it cannot autofix, the commit is rejected.

Default tool: Lefthook. Lefthook is the default because it is language-agnostic, declared in a single lefthook.yml, runs in parallel, supports per-glob commands, and re-stages autofixes via stage_fixed: true. The stack skill (e.g. react-stack/SKILL.md) holds the canonical lefthook.yml for that stack.

Alternatives are only acceptable when Lefthook cannot meet a specific need:

Alternative	Pick when
Husky (Node-only)	The project is Node-only and you want hooks declared inside package.json rather than a separate config file. Note: this gains nothing Lefthook doesn't already provide; pick only if the team has prior Husky muscle memory and no language-mixed concerns.
pre-commit framework (Python)	The project's primary language is Python and the team already uses the upstream pre-commit ecosystem (.pre-commit-config.yaml) for shared hook repos.
Native .git/hooks/pre-commit	The project must avoid adding any toolchain just for hooks (single-language, single-binary repos with strict zero-extra-deps rules).

For each deviation, record the reason in the PR introducing the alternative. Do not skip hooks (--no-verify and equivalents) unless the user explicitly asks.

Scripts directory

scripts/ (or the language's equivalent) holds one-off automation that's not part of the build: env sync, secrets pull, seed data, codegen, asset copy, release notes generation, mock data generation.

Language of the scripts follows the project's own constraints, not a generic preference. Pick from these in order of preference for the host project:

1. The project's primary language when it can run scripts directly (TypeScript scripts in a TypeScript project run by the project's runtime; Python scripts in a Python project; Ruby scripts in a Ruby project).
2. A Makefile / Justfile / Taskfile when the project's primary language is compiled and recompiling for one-off work is heavy.
3. A different dynamic language (typically Python or Ruby) when the project's primary language cannot run direct scripts and the team accepts a second runtime locally — common in compiled-native projects.

Rules that apply regardless of language:

• One file per task.
• Each script is invokable directly with the language's runner.
• Each script is also wired into the project's manifest under a stable name (package.json scripts:, Makefile target, taskfile, justfile, etc.) so contributors don't need to remember the path.
• Exit non-zero on failure. Print actionable error context.
• Do not commit secrets, generated data, or large fixtures into the script files themselves.

Promote a script to part of the build pipeline only when more than one workflow depends on its output.

.agents/skills/ and skills-lock.json

.agents/skills/ materialises curated agent skill packs into the repo. skills-lock.json, when present, is output produced by the agent-skills CLI / sync command — it is not authored by hand and not a project pattern to invent.

• Treat .agents/skills/<name>/SKILL.md and skills-lock.json as generated.
• Symlink .claude/skills → .agents/skills so Claude tooling sees the same materialised content.
• Do not hand-edit either path; run the skills tool to add, update, or remove a skill.
• This whole pattern is opt-in — not every project needs curated skill packs.

Changelog (git-cliff)

Generate the changelog from conventional commits with git-cliff.

• cliff.toml at the repo root configures sections, commit-type mapping, and the template.
• Adopt conventional commit messages so types map cleanly to changelog sections (feat, fix, chore, docs, refactor, test, perf, build, ci, style, revert).
• Verify the current git-cliff version before running.
• git-cliff --tag <new-tag> produces the release notes; do not hand-edit them. If wording is wrong, edit the conventional commit and regenerate.

git-cliff is the default because it is language-agnostic, single-binary, reads commit history directly, and uses one declarative config file. Alternatives are only acceptable when git-cliff cannot meet a specific need:

Alternative	Pick when
release-please (Google)	The project lives in a polyrepo of similar npm packages and relies on automated PR-based release flows tied to GitHub.
conventional-changelog / standard-version	The project is Node-only, cannot add a non-npm binary, and the team accepts the older toolchain.
Hand-written CHANGELOG.md	The project is small enough that the cost of automating exceeds the benefit, and the team commits to keeping the file by hand.

For each deviation, record the reason in the PR introducing the alternative.

Markdown linting (markdownlint)

Lint all committed markdown — README.md, AGENTS.md, CONTRIBUTING.md, CHANGELOG.md, everything under docs/ — so structure, links, headings, and code-fence usage stay consistent across the repo.

Default tool: markdownlint (typically via markdownlint-cli2), configured by a single .markdownlint.json / .markdownlint-cli2.yaml at the repo root. Wire it into the project's verification gate and into the Lefthook pre-commit hook for staged .md files.

markdownlint is the default because it is the de-facto standard for markdown linting, has a stable preset of structural rules, and integrates cleanly with Lefthook. Alternatives are only acceptable when markdownlint cannot meet a specific need:

Alternative	Pick when
vale (alongside or instead of markdownlint)	The project also needs prose-quality linting (style guide, sentence-level checks). vale is for prose, not markdown structure; use it as a complement when prose quality matters, or as the sole linter when the project's docs are prose-heavy and structure matters less.
remark-lint	The project is Node-only, already uses the unified/remark ecosystem, and wants plugin-based markdown processing.

For each deviation, record the reason in the PR introducing the alternative.

Duplication check contract

Every project on this style runs a duplication check that surfaces copy-paste across the codebase. The implementation is the project's choice (a multi-language tool, a language-specific analyzer, a wrapper around an existing codebase-health tool, etc.) as long as it satisfies this contract:

• Reports duplication above a project-defined size threshold — both within a single file and across files.
• Output names the duplicated regions and their locations so the regions can be merged or extracted.
• Configurable thresholds and ignores live in a single project-owned config file at the repo root.
• Non-zero exit on threshold breach so CI and the pre-commit hook can enforce it.

The choice of implementation and the configured thresholds are recorded in the project's docs/tooling.md (or equivalent). The check is wired into the project's verification gate.

Link check contract

Every project on this style runs a link check on its markdown content and any other documentation surface. The implementation is the project's choice (a markdown-specific link checker, a generic HTTP link checker, a wrapper, etc.) as long as it satisfies this contract:

• Verifies every link in committed markdown — internal anchors, relative paths, and external URLs.
• Differentiates internal and external links so an internal-only mode can run offline / fast in CI, separate from a slower full-network mode.
• Configurable allowlist for known-broken or intentionally-unstable external links, recorded in a single project-owned config file at the repo root.
• Non-zero exit when any link in scope is broken so CI can enforce it.

The choice of implementation, the network-mode policy, and the allowlist are recorded in the project's docs/tooling.md (or equivalent). The check is wired into the project's verification gate.

Architectural drift check contract

Every project on this style runs a drift check that detects mismatches between what the project's documentation claims and what the code, manifest, and tooling actually do, and outputs each mismatch as an actionable finding. This is the project's authoritative answer to "does the implementation still match the architecture and ways of working we wrote down?"

The implementation is the project's choice (a dependency analyzer, a docs-vs-code crawler, a wrapper around an existing drift / codebase-intelligence tool, a custom script, etc.) as long as it satisfies this contract.

Surfaces in scope (the check covers all of them):

• Layering / module boundaries. The architecture documented in docs/architecture.md (or equivalent) — which modules or layers may depend on which — vs. the actual import / dependency graph.
• Hard Constraints. The forbiddens declared in AGENTS.md (e.g. package-manager restrictions, AI lane restrictions, language restrictions) vs. what the manifest, lockfile, and source actually contain or allow.
• Setup, run, test, and build commands. The commands documented in docs/quick-start.md / docs/tooling.md / docs/build-system.md vs. the commands actually defined in the project's runner, manifest, or build entry point. Stale or missing commands are findings.
• Ways of working. Conventions documented in docs/code-style.md (naming patterns, file layout, export policy, import ordering, etc.) vs. the actual codebase.
• Dependency declarations. Tools and libraries documented as "in use" vs. the actual manifest and lockfile. Undocumented dependencies and documented-but-absent dependencies are both findings.
• Environment and configuration documentation. Variables and config keys documented in docs/tooling.md / .env.example vs. what the code actually reads. Gaps in either direction are findings.

Output requirements:

• Each finding names the documented claim, the code reality, and the file locations involved (with line numbers where applicable) so the source of truth is unambiguous.
• Each finding indicates the resolution direction when determinable: update the docs to match the code, update the code to match the docs, or update the rule itself.
• Findings are grouped by surface (layering, hard constraints, commands, ways of working, dependencies, environment) so reviewers can triage.
• Configurable allowlist for findings that are intentional mismatches, recorded in a single project-owned config file at the repo root. Each allowlist entry carries a comment justifying it.
• Non-zero exit on any unallowed drift so CI and the pre-commit hook can enforce it.

The choice of implementation, the configured surfaces, and the allowlist live alongside the architecture docs (typically docs/architecture.md) and docs/tooling.md. The check is wired into the project's verification gate.

This contract is opt-out only for projects with effectively no documentation surface (single-file scripts, throwaway tools). Every project that ships a docs/ folder adopts the contract from the start.

Multi-area repos

When a repo holds multiple deliverables (a web app, mock data tooling, a prototype, a CLI, etc.):

• Root README.md and root AGENTS.md cover the whole repo and point to area docs.
• Each area has its own subfolder with a local README.md and a local AGENTS.md if its rules differ from the root.
• The root AGENTS.md should explicitly say "scope your changes to the right area" and list the areas.
• Area-specific docs live under docs/<area>/ or under the area folder itself; pick one and stay consistent.

Examples

Minimal repo (single language, small project): AGENTS.md (Hard Constraints + Commands + Code Organization), CLAUDE.md symlinked to AGENTS.md, README.md, docs/quick-start.md, a manifest, a lockfile, a Lefthook pre-commit, and a check / format / test command set.

Multi-area repo: Root AGENTS.md (constraints common to the whole repo + table of areas), nested <area>/AGENTS.md for each area, docs/ at the root for cross-cutting docs, docs/<area>/ for area-specific docs.

Strict-rules project with human contributors: CONTRIBUTING.md (authoritative for merge requirements), AGENTS.md short and agent-only with a link to CONTRIBUTING.md for the rules, plus the standard docs/ template.

Compiled-native project: Source under the project's chosen single root (source/ or src/) using the stack's source-organization rule, native unit tests co-located with the unit they cover, end-to-end suites in the project's chosen top-level E2E location.