Discovering and accessing unprotected pages, APIs, and administrative interfaces by enumerating URLs and bypassing authentication controls during authorized security assessments.
Detect and prevent API enumeration attacks including BOLA and IDOR exploitation by monitoring sequential identifier access patterns and authorization failures.
Scans GitHub Actions workflows and CI/CD pipeline configurations for supply chain attack vectors including unpinned actions, script injection via expressions, dependency confusion, and secrets exposure. Uses PyGithub and YAML parsing for automated audit. Use when hardening CI/CD pipelines or investigating compromised build systems.
Tests APIs for Broken Function Level Authorization (BFLA) vulnerabilities where regular users can invoke administrative functions or access privileged API endpoints by directly calling them. The tester identifies admin and privileged endpoints, then attempts to access them with regular user credentials by manipulating HTTP methods, URL paths, and request parameters. Maps to OWASP API5:2023 Broken Function Level Authorization. Activates for requests involving BFLA testing, admin endpoint bypass, function-level access control testing, or API privilege escalation.
Tests APIs for excessive data exposure where endpoints return more data than the client application needs, relying on the frontend to filter sensitive fields. The tester intercepts API responses and analyzes them for leaked PII, internal identifiers, debug information, or sensitive business data that the UI does not display but the API transmits. This maps to OWASP API3:2023 Broken Object Property Level Authorization. Activates for requests involving API data leakage testing, excessive data exposure, response filtering bypass, or API over-fetching.
Exploits JWT algorithm confusion vulnerabilities where the server's token verification library accepts the algorithm specified in the JWT header rather than enforcing a fixed algorithm. The tester manipulates the alg header to switch from RS256 to HS256 (using the RSA public key as the HMAC secret), sets alg to none to bypass signature verification, or exploits kid/jku/x5u header injection to supply attacker-controlled keys. Activates for requests involving JWT algorithm confusion, alg none attack, key confusion attack, or JWT signature bypass.
Identifies and exploits SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications during authorized penetration tests using manual techniques and automated tools like sqlmap. The tester detects injection points through error-based, union-based, blind boolean, and time-based blind techniques across all major database engines (MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Oracle) to demonstrate data extraction, authentication bypass, and potential remote code execution. Activates for requests involving SQL injection testing, SQLi exploitation, database security assessment, or injection vulnerability verification.
This skill covers implementing Gitleaks for detecting and preventing hardcoded secrets in git repositories. It addresses configuring pre-commit hooks, CI/CD pipeline integration, custom rule authoring for organization-specific secrets, baseline management for existing repositories, and remediation workflows for exposed credentials.