vercel-reference-architecture

Implement a Vercel reference architecture with layered project structure and best practices. Use when designing new Vercel projects, reviewing project structure, or establishing architecture standards for Vercel applications. Trigger with phrases like "vercel architecture", "vercel project structure", "vercel best practices layout", "how to organize vercel project".

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name	vercel-reference-architecture
description	Implement a Vercel reference architecture with layered project structure and best practices. Use when designing new Vercel projects, reviewing project structure, or establishing architecture standards for Vercel applications. Trigger with phrases like "vercel architecture", "vercel project structure", "vercel best practices layout", "how to organize vercel project".
allowed-tools	Read, Write, Edit, Grep
version	1.18.0
license	MIT
author	Jeremy Longshore <jeremy@intentsolutions.io>
tags	["saas","vercel","architecture","best-practices"]
compatibility	Designed for Claude Code, also compatible with Codex and OpenClaw

Vercel Reference Architecture

Overview

Implement a production-ready Vercel project architecture with clear separation across edge, server, and client layers. Covers directory structure, middleware patterns, API route organization, shared utilities, and configuration management.

Prerequisites

Understanding of Vercel's deployment model (edge, serverless, static)
TypeScript project setup
Next.js 14+ (recommended) or other Vercel-supported framework

Instructions

Step 1: Directory Structure

my-vercel-app/
├── public/                    # Static assets (served from CDN)
│   ├── favicon.ico
│   └── images/
├── src/
│   ├── app/                   # Next.js App Router pages
│   │   ├── layout.tsx         # Root layout
│   │   ├── page.tsx           # Home page
│   │   ├── api/               # API routes (serverless functions)
│   │   │   ├── health/route.ts
│   │   │   ├── users/route.ts
│   │   │   └── webhooks/
│   │   │       └── vercel/route.ts
│   │   ├── dashboard/         # Protected pages
│   │   │   ├── layout.tsx
│   │   │   └── page.tsx
│   │   └── (marketing)/       # Public pages (route group)
│   │       ├── pricing/page.tsx
│   │       └── about/page.tsx
│   ├── lib/                   # Shared utilities (server + client)
│   │   ├── api-client.ts      # External API wrapper
│   │   ├── db.ts              # Database client (lazy singleton)
│   │   ├── env.ts             # Typed environment variables
│   │   └── errors.ts          # Error classes
│   ├── components/            # React components
│   │   ├── ui/                # Design system primitives
│   │   └── features/          # Feature-specific components
│   └── middleware.ts          # Edge Middleware (auth, redirects)
├── vercel.json                # Vercel configuration
├── next.config.js             # Next.js configuration
├── tsconfig.json
├── package.json
└── .env.example               # Required env vars (no values)

Step 2: Typed Environment Variables

// src/lib/env.ts — validate env vars at import time
import { z } from 'zod';

const envSchema = z.object({
  DATABASE_URL: z.string().url(),
  API_SECRET: z.string().min(16),
  NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL: z.string().(),
  : z.([, , ]).(),
  : z.().(),
});


  env = envSchema.(process.);

// src/lib/db.ts — lazy init to minimize cold starts
import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';

const globalForPrisma = globalThis as unknown as { prisma: PrismaClient | undefined };

export const db = globalForPrisma.prisma ?? new PrismaClient({
  log: process.env.VERCEL_ENV === 'development' ? ['query'] : ['error'],
});

// Prevent multiple instances in development (hot reload)
if (process.env.VERCEL_ENV !== 'production') {
  globalForPrisma.prisma = db;
}

// src/app/api/users/route.ts
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { db } from '@/lib/db';
import { env } from '@/lib/env';

export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
  try {
    const searchParams = request.nextUrl.searchParams;
    const limit = Number(searchParams.get('limit') ?? 20);

    const users = await db.user.findMany({ take: limit });
    return NextResponse.json({ users }, {
      headers: { 'Cache-Control': 's-maxage=60, stale-while-revalidate=300' },
    });
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('GET /api/users failed:', error);
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Internal server error', requestId: crypto.randomUUID() },
      { status: 500 }
    );
  }
}

export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
  try {
    const body = await request.json();
    const user = await db.user.create({ data: body });
    return NextResponse.json({ user }, { status: 201 });
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('POST /api/users failed:', error);
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Failed to create user' },
      { status: 400 }
    );
  }
}

// src/middleware.ts
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';

export function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
  const { pathname } = request.nextUrl;

  // Skip auth for public routes
  if (pathname.startsWith('/api/health') || pathname.startsWith('/api/webhooks')) {
    return NextResponse.next();
  }

  // Check auth for dashboard routes
  if (pathname.startsWith('/dashboard') || pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
    const token = request.cookies.get('session')?.value;
    if (!token) {
      if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
        return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, { status: 401 });
      }
      return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/login', request.url));
    }
  }

  return NextResponse.next();
}

export const config = {
  matcher: ['/((?!_next/static|_next/image|favicon.ico).*)'],
};

// src/app/api/health/route.ts
import { db } from '@/lib/db';

export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic'; // Never cache health checks

export async function GET() {
  const checks: Record<string, 'ok' | 'error'> = {};

  // Database connectivity
  try {
    await db.$queryRaw`SELECT 1`;
    checks.database = 'ok';
  } catch {
    checks.database = 'error';
  }

  const allHealthy = Object.values(checks).every(v => v === 'ok');

  return Response.json({
    status: allHealthy ? 'healthy' : 'degraded',
    checks,
    version: process.env.VERCEL_GIT_COMMIT_SHA?.slice(0, 7) ?? 'local',
    region: process.env.VERCEL_REGION ?? 'local',
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
  }, {
    status: allHealthy ? 200 : 503,
  });
}

// vercel.json
{
  "regions": ["iad1"],
  "headers": [
    {
      "source": "/(.*)",
      "headers": [
        { "key": "X-Content-Type-Options", "value": "nosniff" },
        { "key": "X-Frame-Options", "value": "DENY" },
        { "key": "Referrer-Policy", "value": "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "rewrites": [
    { "source": "/docs/:path*", "destination": "https://docs.example.com/:path*" }
  ],
  "redirects": [
    { "source": "/old-page", "destination": "/new-page", "permanent": true }
  ]
}

Layer	Runtime	Responsibilities
Edge (middleware.ts)	V8 isolates	Auth, redirects, A/B testing, headers
Server (api routes)	Node.js	Database queries, business logic, webhooks
Static (pages)	CDN	Pre-rendered pages, ISR, images
Client (components)	Browser	Interactivity, client state

Error	Cause	Solution
Env validation fails on deploy	Missing required variable	Add to Vercel dashboard for target environment
Middleware runs on static assets	Matcher too broad	Add exclusions for `_next/static`, `_next/image`
Database connection pool exhausted	Too many concurrent functions	Use connection pooler (PgBouncer, Prisma Accelerate)
API route not found	Wrong directory structure	Must be in `src/app/api/` with `route.ts` filename