go-http

name	go-http
description	Building HTTP services in Go with the Chi router and stdlib `net/http`. ALWAYS use this skill when writing or reviewing Go HTTP code — defining routes with `chi.Router`, middleware (`chi.Use`, `middleware.Logger`, `middleware.Recoverer`, `middleware.RequestID`), handler signatures, request decoding, JSON responses, status codes from typed errors, graceful shutdown with `http.Server.Shutdown`, `httptest` patterns, service project layout (`cmd/server`, `internal/handler`, `internal/service`), and timeouts (`ReadTimeout`, `WriteTimeout`, `IdleTimeout`). Pair with go-sql for the data layer, go-logging for request-scoped logging, go-errors for status code mapping, and go-testing for handler tests.
version	1.0.0
tags	["go","golang","http","chi","api","rest","service"]

Go HTTP

Build HTTP services with the stdlib net/http and Chi for routing. Chi is small, has zero dependencies, and is fully net/http-compatible.

For handler tests with httptest, see go-testing. For the data layer, see go-sql.

Project layout

myservice/
├── cmd/server/main.go
├── internal/
│   ├── handler/         # HTTP-specific code: decoding, status codes
│   ├── service/         # business logic, no HTTP dependencies
│   └── storage/         # data access (sqlc-generated)
├── db/
│   ├── migrations/
│   └── queries/
├── go.mod
├── Makefile
└── .golangci.yml

The handler depends on the service; the service depends on storage. Reverse direction is wrong and Chi types should never appear below internal/handler.

main.go pattern: flags + graceful shutdown

func main() {
    addr := flag.String("addr", ":8080", "listen address")
    flag.Parse()

    logger := slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, nil))

    srv := &http.Server{
        Addr:         *addr,
        Handler:      setupRoutes(logger),
        ReadTimeout:  30 * time.Second,
        WriteTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
        IdleTimeout:  120 * time.Second,
    }

    go func() {
        sigint := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
        signal.Notify(sigint, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
        <-sigint

        ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
        defer cancel()
        if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
            logger.Error("shutdown", slog.Any("err", err))
        }
    }()

    logger.Info("listening", slog.String("addr", *addr))
    if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
        logger.Error("server", slog.Any("err", err))
        os.Exit(1)
    }
}

ListenAndServe returns http.ErrServerClosed after a graceful shutdown — that's expected, not an error.

Routes with Chi

func setupRoutes(logger *slog.Logger) http.Handler {
    r := chi.NewRouter()

    r.Use(middleware.RequestID)
    r.Use(middleware.RealIP)
    r.Use(middleware.Recoverer)
    r.Use(middleware.Timeout(30 * time.Second))
    r.Use(loggingMiddleware(logger))

    r.Get("/healthz", healthz)

    r.Route("/api/v1", func(r chi.Router) {
        r.Get("/users", listUsers)
        r.Post("/users", createUser)
        r.Get("/users/{id}", getUser)
    })
    return r
}

Common Chi middleware: RequestID, RealIP, Logger (or your own slog-based one), Recoverer, Timeout, Compress. Apply auth middleware inside r.Group or r.Route for the routes that need it.

Handler signature

func (h *UserHandler) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    var req CreateUserRequest
    if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
        writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid json")
        return
    }
    defer r.Body.Close()

    user, err := h.svc.CreateUser(r.Context(), req.Email, req.Name)
    if err != nil {
        writeServiceError(w, err)
        return
    }
    writeJSON(w, http.StatusCreated, user)
}

Pass r.Context() down to the service. That context is cancelled if the client disconnects or the timeout middleware fires.

URL parameters

id := chi.URLParam(r, "id")

For typed values, parse and validate explicitly:

id, err := strconv.ParseInt(chi.URLParam(r, "id"), 10, 64)
if err != nil {
    writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid id")
    return
}

Mapping errors to status codes

Use typed errors from the service layer; the handler translates:

func writeServiceError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
    var verr *service.ValidationError
    switch {
    case errors.Is(err, service.ErrNotFound):
        writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not found")
    case errors.As(err, &verr):
        writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, verr.Error())
    default:
        // log unexpected; never leak the inner error
        slog.Default().Error("internal", slog.Any("err", err))
        writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal error")
    }
}

The service layer doesn't know about HTTP. The handler is the only layer that maps errors to status codes.

JSON helpers

func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, v any) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.WriteHeader(status)
    _ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(v)
}

func writeError(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, msg string) {
    writeJSON(w, status, map[string]string{"error": msg})
}

Testing handlers

func TestCreateUser(t *testing.T) {
    h := &UserHandler{svc: &fakeSvc{user: User{ID: 1, Name: "ada"}}}
    r := chi.NewRouter()
    r.Post("/users", h.Create)

    body := strings.NewReader(`{"email":"a@b.c","name":"ada"}`)
    req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/users", body)
    rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
    r.ServeHTTP(rec, req)

    if rec.Code != http.StatusCreated {
        t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", rec.Code, http.StatusCreated)
    }
}

httptest.NewRequest constructs a request without a network listener. httptest.NewRecorder captures the response.

Timeouts

Always set them. The defaults (0) mean "no timeout" — a slowloris attack waits forever. A safe baseline:

Timeout	Value	Why
ReadTimeout	30s	Limits time to read full request
WriteTimeout	30s	Limits time to write response
IdleTimeout	120s	Closes idle keep-alive connections
ReadHeaderTimeout	10s	Tighter than ReadTimeout for headers alone

For long-running endpoints (uploads, streams), set timeouts on the specific handler with http.TimeoutHandler or a per-route Chi middleware rather than loosening the server-wide defaults.

When to load a sibling skill

Task	Skill
Database queries via sqlc	go-sql
Request-scoped slog with attrs from context	go-logging
Typed errors and status mapping	go-errors
Handler tests with httptest	go-testing
Per-request goroutines, errgroup	go-concurrency