hunting-for-ntlm-relay-attacks

name	hunting-for-ntlm-relay-attacks
description	Detects NTLM relay attacks (MITRE T1557.001) by analyzing Windows Event ID 4624 logon type 3 with NTLMSSP authentication, flagging IP-to-hostname mismatches, Responder/LLMNR poisoning signatures, SMB signing status, and anomalous cross-domain authentication patterns. Use when investigating credential-relay activity in Active Directory or building detections for NTLM relay and coercion-based attacks.
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	threat-hunting
tags	["NTLM-relay","Windows-events","Event-4624","NTLMSSP","Responder","SMB-signing","credential-access","T1557.001","Active-Directory"]
version	1.0
author	mahipal
license	Apache-2.0
d3fend_techniques	["Application Protocol Command Analysis","Network Isolation","Network Traffic Analysis","Client-server Payload Profiling","Network Traffic Community Deviation"]
nist_csf	["DE.CM-01","DE.AE-02","DE.AE-07","ID.RA-05"]
mitre_attack	["T1046","T1057","T1082","T1083","T1003"]

Hunting for NTLM Relay Attacks

Overview

NTLM relay attacks intercept and forward NTLM authentication messages to gain unauthorized access to network resources. Attackers use tools like Responder for LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning and ntlmrelayx for credential relay. This skill detects relay activity by querying Windows Security Event 4624 (successful logon) for type 3 network logons with NTLMSSP authentication, identifying mismatches between WorkstationName and source IpAddress, detecting rapid multi-host authentication from single accounts, and auditing SMB signing configuration across domain hosts.

When to Use

• When investigating security incidents that require hunting for ntlm relay attacks
• When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
• When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
• When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques

Prerequisites

• Python 3.9+ with Windows Event Log access or exported logs
• Windows Security audit logging enabled (Event ID 4624, 4625, 5145)
• Network access for SMB signing status checks

Key Detection Areas

1. IP-hostname mismatch — WorkstationName in Event 4624 does not resolve to the source IpAddress
2. NTLMSSP authentication — logon events using NTLM instead of Kerberos from domain-joined hosts
3. Machine account relay — computer accounts (ending in $) authenticating from unexpected IPs
4. Rapid authentication — single account authenticating to multiple hosts within seconds
5. Named pipe access — Event 5145 showing access to Spoolss, lsarpc, netlogon, samr pipes
6. SMB signing disabled — hosts not enforcing SMB signing, enabling relay attacks

Output

JSON report with suspected relay events, IP-hostname correlation anomalies, SMB signing audit results, and MITRE ATT&CK mapping to T1557.001.