sveltekit-best-practices

name	sveltekit-best-practices
description	SvelteKit and Svelte 5 done right. Runes, load functions, form actions, SSR patterns, and modern Svelte.
metadata	{"tags":"sveltekit, svelte, runes, best-practices"}

When to use

Use this skill when working with SvelteKit or Svelte 5 code. AI agents are trained on Svelte 4 patterns and frequently generate outdated code using stores, reactive declarations, and export let. This skill enforces Svelte 5 runes, load functions, and form actions.

Critical Rules

1. Use Svelte 5 runes - never Svelte 4 stores or reactive declarations

Wrong (agents do this):

<script>
  import { writable, derived } from 'svelte/store';
  let count = writable(0);
  $: doubled = $count * 2;
  $: if (count > 5) alert('too high');
</script>
<p>{$count}</p>

Correct:

<script>
  let count = $state(0);
  let doubled = $derived(count * 2);
  $effect(() => {
    if (count > 5) alert('too high');
  });
</script>
<p>{count}</p>

Why: Svelte 5 runes ($state, $derived, $effect) replace stores and $: syntax. Agents default to Svelte 4 patterns.

2. Use $state for reactive state - not let with reactive assignments

Wrong:

<script>
  let count = 0;
  count = count + 1;
</script>

Correct:

<script>
  let count = $state(0);
  count = count + 1;
</script>

Why: In Svelte 5, reactivity is opt-in via $state. Plain let is not reactive.

3. Use $derived for computed values - not $: reactive declarations

Wrong:

<script>
  let firstName = $state('John');
  let lastName = $state('Doe');
  $: fullName = `${firstName} ${lastName}`;
</script>

Correct:

<script>
  let firstName = $state('John');
  let lastName = $state('Doe');
  let fullName = $derived(`${firstName} ${lastName}`);
</script>

Why: $: is Svelte 4. Svelte 5 uses $derived for derivations.

4. Use $effect for side effects - not $: reactive statements

Wrong:

<script>
  let count = $state(0);
  $: if (count > 5) console.log('count is high');
</script>

Correct:

<script>
  let count = $state(0);
  $effect(() => {
    if (count > 5) console.log('count is high');
  });
</script>

Why: $effect runs when dependencies change. $: for side effects is deprecated.

5. Use $props() for component props - not export let

Wrong:

<script>
  export let title = 'Default';
  export let count;
</script>
<h1>{title}</h1>

Correct:

<script>
  let { title = 'Default', count } = $props();
</script>
<h1>{title}</h1>

Why: export let is Svelte 4. Svelte 5 uses $props().

6. Use $bindable() for two-way binding props

Wrong:

<script>
  let { value } = $props();
</script>
<input bind:value={value} />

Correct:

<script>
  let { value = $bindable() } = $props();
</script>
<input bind:value={value} />

Why: Props are one-way by default. $bindable() enables bind:value from parent.

7. Use load functions (+page.server.ts) for data fetching - not onMount fetch

Wrong:

<script>
  import { onMount } from 'svelte';
  let data = $state(null);
  onMount(async () => {
    data = await fetch('/api/users').then(r => r.json());
  });
</script>
{#if data}{data.name}{/if}

Correct:

// +page.server.ts
import type { PageServerLoad } from "./$types";
export const load: PageServerLoad = async ({ fetch }) => ({
  data: await fetch("/api/users").then((r) => r.json()),
});

<!-- +page.svelte -->
<script>
  let { data } = $props();
</script>
{#if data}{data.name}{/if}

Why: Load runs on server for SSR, avoids loading flicker, and integrates with SvelteKit routing.

8. Use form actions for mutations - not API routes for form submissions

Wrong:

<form on:submit={async (e) => {
  e.preventDefault();
  await fetch('/api/login', { method: 'POST', body: new FormData(e.target) });
  goto('/dashboard');
}}>

Correct:

// +page.server.ts
import type { Actions } from "./$types";
export const actions = {
  default: async ({ request, cookies }) => {
    const data = await request.formData();
    // validate, authenticate, set cookie
    return { type: "redirect", location: "/dashboard" };
  },
};

<form method="POST" use:enhance>

Why: Form actions enable progressive enhancement, work without JS, and avoid client-side fetch boilerplate.

9. Use +layout.server.ts for shared layout data

Wrong:

<!-- Multiple pages each fetch user -->
<script>
  let user = $state(null);
  onMount(() => fetchUser().then(u => user = u));
</script>

Correct:

// +layout.server.ts
export const load = async ({ locals }) => ({
  user: locals.user,
});

Why: Layout load runs once, data is available to all child pages. No duplicate fetches.

10. Use +error.svelte for error pages

Correct:

<!-- +error.svelte -->
<script>
  let { status, message } = $props();
</script>
<h1>{status}</h1>
<p>{message}</p>

Why: SvelteKit uses +error.svelte to render load/action errors. Use it instead of try/catch in every page.

11. Use +page.ts for universal load (server and client)

When data is needed on both server and client (e.g. from $app/stores or browser APIs), put logic in +page.ts. Use +page.server.ts when data is server-only.

12. Use hooks.server.ts for middleware (auth, redirects)

Correct:

// hooks.server.ts
export const handle = async ({ event, resolve }) => {
  event.locals.user = await getUser(event);
  if (!event.locals.user && event.url.pathname.startsWith("/dashboard")) {
    return redirect(302, "/login");
  }
  return resolve(event);
};

Why: Handle runs before every request. Use for auth, redirects, and setting locals.

13. Use $app/stores sparingly - prefer load function data

Prefer passing data via load props. Use $page, $navigating, etc. only when you need client-side routing state.

14. Use snippet blocks for reusable template chunks (Svelte 5)

Wrong:

<script>
  export let slots;
</script>
{#if slots.header}<slot name="header" />{/if}

Correct:

<script>
  let { header = @render(() => {}) } = $props();
</script>
{@render header()}

Why: Svelte 5 snippets replace slot-based composition with @render and snippet props.

Patterns

• Page data: +page.server.ts load returns object, +page.svelte receives via $props() with data
• Form with enhance: method="POST" and use:enhance from $app/forms
• Streaming: Return promises from load without await; use {#await data.promise} in template
• TypeScript: Use import type { PageServerLoad, PageProps } from './$types'

Anti-Patterns

• Do not use writable, readable, derived, get from svelte/store
• Do not use $: for derivations or side effects
• Do not use export let for props
• Do not fetch in onMount when data is needed for SSR
• Do not create +server.ts API routes just for form POST handling
• Do not use bind:value with a prop unless the prop is $bindable()