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2 fichiers name n8n version 1.0.0 description Open-source workflow automation platform with visual node-based editor, 400+ integrations, webhooks, and self-hosted deployment capabilities author workspace-hub category automation type skill capabilities ["visual_workflow_builder","webhook_triggers","scheduled_execution","api_integrations","custom_nodes","credentials_management","workflow_templates","error_handling","data_transformation","conditional_logic"] tools ["n8n-cli","docker","npm","node"] tags ["n8n","workflow","automation","integrations","webhooks","low-code","self-hosted","etl","data-pipeline"] platforms ["linux","macos","windows","docker","kubernetes"] related_skills ["yaml-configuration","api-integration","github-actions","activepieces","windmill"]
n8n Workflow Automation Skill
Master n8n for visual workflow automation, API integrations, and self-hosted automation pipelines. This skill covers workflow design, node configuration, triggers, credentials management, custom nodes, and production deployment patterns.
When to Use This Skill
USE when:
Building integrations between 400+ services (Slack, Gmail, Notion, Airtable, etc.)
Creating visual workflows accessible to non-developers
Self-hosting is required for data sovereignty and compliance
Need webhook-triggered automations with real-time processing
Building internal tool automations and business process automation
Connecting APIs without writing extensive code
Rapid prototyping of automation workflows
Need human-in-the-loop approval workflows
DON'T USE when:
Orchestrating complex data pipelines with dependencies (use Airflow)
CI/CD pipelines tightly coupled with git (use GitHub Actions)
Need sub-second latency requirements (use direct API calls)
Processing massive datasets (use dedicated ETL tools)
Require enterprise audit compliance out-of-box (evaluate requirements)
Simple single-trigger cron jobs (use systemd timers)
Prerequisites
Installation Options
Option 1: npm (Development)
npm install n8n -g
n8n start
Option 2: Docker (Recommended)
docker run -it --rm \
--name n8n \
-p 5678:5678 \
-v ~/.n8n:/home/node/.n8n \
n8nio/n8n
Option 3: Docker Compose (Production)
version: '3.8'
services:
n8n:
image: n8nio/n8n:latest
restart: always
ports:
-
"5678:5678"
environment:
-
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true
-
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin
-
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=${N8N_PASSWORD}
-
N8N_HOST=n8n.example.com
-
N8N_PORT=5678
-
N8N_PROTOCOL=https
-
WEBHOOK_URL=https://n8n.example.com/
-
GENERIC_TIMEZONE=UTC
-
TZ=UTC
-
DB_TYPE=postgresdb
-
DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST=postgres
-
DB_POSTGRESDB_PORT=5432
-
DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE=n8n
-
DB_POSTGRESDB_USER=n8n
-
DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
-
N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=${N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
volumes:
-
n8n_data:/home/node/.n8n
-
./custom-nodes:/home/node/.n8n/custom
depends_on:
-
postgres
postgres:
image:
postgres:15
restart:
always
environment:
-
POSTGRES_USER=n8n
-
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
-
POSTGRES_DB=n8n
volumes:
-
postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
healthcheck:
test:
"CMD-SHELL"
"pg_isready -U n8n"
interval:
10s
timeout:
5s
retries:
5
volumes:
n8n_data:
postgres_data:
docker compose up -d
docker compose logs -f n8n
Option 4: Kubernetes with Helm
helm repo add n8n https://n8n-io.github.io/n8n-helm
helm repo update
helm install n8n n8n/n8n \
--namespace n8n \
--create-namespace \
--set ingress.enabled=true \
--set ingress.hosts[0].host=n8n.example.com
kubectl get secret -n n8n n8n -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 --decode
Development Setup
git clone https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n.git
cd n8n
pnpm install
pnpm build
pnpm dev
Core Capabilities
1. Basic Workflow Structure {
"name" : "Basic Data Pipeline" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : { } ,
"id" : "start-node" ,
"name" : "Start" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.start" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 240 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"url" : "https://api.example.com/data" ,
"authentication" : "predefinedCredentialType" ,
"nodeCredentialType" : "httpHeaderAuth" ,
"options" : {
"response" : {
"response" : {
"responseFormat" : "json"
}
}
}
} ,
"id" : "http-request" ,
"name" : "Fetch Data" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest" ,
"typeVersion" : 4.1 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"httpHeaderAuth" : {
"id" : "1" ,
"name" : "API Key"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"mode" : "runOnceForEachItem" ,
"jsCode" : "// Transform each item\nconst item = $input.item.json;\n\nreturn {\n id: item.id,\n name: item.name.toUpperCase(),\n processed_at: new Date().toISOString(),\n source: 'n8n-pipeline'\n};"
} ,
"id" : "transform" ,
"name" : "Transform Data" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.code" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"resource" : "row" ,
"operation" : "create" ,
"tableId" : "={{ $env.AIRTABLE_TABLE_ID }}" ,
"options" : { }
} ,
"id" : "airtable" ,
"name" : "Save to Airtable" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.airtable" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"airtableTokenApi" : {
"id" : "2" ,
"name" : "Airtable Token"
}
}
}
] ,
"connections" : {
"Start" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Fetch Data" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Fetch Data" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Transform Data" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Transform Data" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Save to Airtable" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
}
} ,
"settings" : {
"executionOrder" : "v1"
}
}
2. Webhook Triggers {
"name" : "Webhook Handler" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : {
"httpMethod" : "POST" ,
"path" : "incoming-webhook" ,
"responseMode" : "responseNode" ,
"options" : {
"rawBody" : true }
} ,
"id" : "webhook" ,
"name" : "Webhook" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.webhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1.1 ,
"position" : [ 240 , 300 ] ,
"webhookId" : "unique-webhook-id"
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"conditions" : {
"string" : [
{
"value1" : "={{ $json.event_type }}" ,
"operation" : "equals" ,
"value2" : "payment.completed"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "filter" ,
"name" : "Filter Payment Events" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.filter" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"jsCode" : "// Validate webhook signature\nconst crypto = require('crypto');\n\nconst payload = $input.item.json;\nconst signature = $input.item.headers['x-signature'];\nconst secret = $env.WEBHOOK_SECRET;\n\nconst expectedSignature = crypto\n .createHmac('sha256', secret)\n .update(JSON.stringify(payload))\n .digest('hex');\n\nif (signature !== expectedSignature) {\n throw new Error('Invalid webhook signature');\n}\n\nreturn {\n ...payload,\n validated: true,\n processed_at: new Date().toISOString()\n};"
} ,
"id" : "validate" ,
"name" : "Validate Signature" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.code" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"channel" : "#payments" ,
"text" : "=Payment received!\n\nAmount: ${{ $json.amount }}\nCustomer: {{ $json.customer_email }}\nTransaction ID: {{ $json.transaction_id }}" ,
"otherOptions" : { }
} ,
"id" : "slack" ,
"name" : "Notify Slack" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.slack" ,
"typeVersion" : 2.1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"slackApi" : {
"id" : "3" ,
"name" : "Slack Bot"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"respondWith" : "json" ,
"responseBody" : "={{ JSON.stringify({ status: 'processed', id: $json.transaction_id }) }}"
} ,
"id" : "respond" ,
"name" : "Respond to Webhook" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 1120 , 300 ]
}
] ,
"connections" : {
"Webhook" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Filter Payment Events" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Filter Payment Events" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Validate Signature" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Validate Signature" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Notify Slack" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Notify Slack" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Respond to Webhook" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
}
}
}
3. Scheduled Workflows {
"name" : "Daily Report Generator" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : {
"rule" : {
"interval" : [
{
"field" : "cronExpression" ,
"expression" : "0 9 * * 1-5"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "schedule" ,
"name" : "Daily Schedule" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.scheduleTrigger" ,
"typeVersion" : 1.1 ,
"position" : [ 240 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"operation" : "executeQuery" ,
"query" : "SELECT \n DATE(created_at) as date,\n COUNT(*) as total_orders,\n SUM(amount) as revenue,\n AVG(amount) as avg_order_value\nFROM orders\nWHERE created_at >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '7 days'\nGROUP BY DATE(created_at)\nORDER BY date DESC" ,
"options" : { }
} ,
"id" : "postgres" ,
"name" : "Query Sales Data" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.postgres" ,
"typeVersion" : 2.3 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"postgres" : {
"id" : "4" ,
"name" : "Production DB"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"jsCode" : "// Generate report summary\nconst data = $input.all();\n\nconst totalRevenue = data.reduce((sum, row) => sum + parseFloat(row.json.revenue), 0);\nconst totalOrders = data.reduce((sum, row) => sum + parseInt(row.json.total_orders), 0);\nconst avgOrderValue = totalRevenue / totalOrders;\n\nconst reportDate = new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0];\n\nreturn {\n report_date: reportDate,\n period: 'Last 7 Days',\n summary: {\n total_revenue: totalRevenue.toFixed(2),\n total_orders: totalOrders,\n avg_order_value: avgOrderValue.toFixed(2)\n },\n daily_breakdown: data.map(row => row.json)\n};"
} ,
"id" : "transform" ,
"name" : "Generate Report" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.code" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"sendTo" : "team@example.com" ,
"subject" : "=Weekly Sales Report - {{ $json.report_date }}" ,
"emailType" : "html" ,
"html" : "=<h1>Weekly Sales Report</h1>\n<p>Period: {{ $json.period }}</p>\n<h2>Summary</h2>\n<ul>\n <li>Total Revenue: ${{ $json.summary.total_revenue }}</li>\n <li>Total Orders: {{ $json.summary.total_orders }}</li>\n <li>Average Order Value: ${{ $json.summary.avg_order_value }}</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Daily Breakdown</h2>\n<table border=\"1\">\n <tr><th>Date</th><th>Orders</th><th>Revenue</th></tr>\n {{ $json.daily_breakdown.map(d => `<tr><td>${d.date}</td><td>${d.total_orders}</td><td>$${d.revenue}</td></tr>`).join('') }}\n</table>" ,
"options" : { }
} ,
"id" : "email" ,
"name" : "Send Report Email" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.emailSend" ,
"typeVersion" : 2.1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"smtp" : {
"id" : "5" ,
"name" : "SMTP Server"
}
}
}
] ,
"connections" : {
"Daily Schedule" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Query Sales Data" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Query Sales Data" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Generate Report" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Generate Report" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Send Report Email" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
}
}
}
4. Conditional Branching and Error Handling {
"name" : "Order Processing with Error Handling" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : {
"httpMethod" : "POST" ,
"path" : "process-order" ,
"responseMode" : "responseNode"
} ,
"id" : "webhook" ,
"name" : "Order Webhook" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.webhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1.1 ,
"position" : [ 240 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"conditions" : {
"options" : {
"caseSensitive" : true ,
"leftValue" : "" ,
"typeValidation" : "strict"
} ,
"conditions" : [
{
"id" : "condition-1" ,
"leftValue" : "={{ $json.order_total }}" ,
"rightValue" : 1000 ,
"operator" : {
"type" : "number" ,
"operation" : "gte"
}
}
] ,
"combinator" : "and"
} ,
"options" : { }
} ,
"id" : "switch" ,
"name" : "High Value Order?" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.if" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"url" : "https://api.payment.com/process" ,
"sendBody" : true ,
"bodyParameters" : {
"parameters" : [
{
"name" : "order_id" ,
"value" : "={{ $json.order_id }}"
} ,
{
"name" : "amount" ,
"value" : "={{ $json.order_total }}"
} ,
{
"name" : "priority" ,
"value" : "high"
}
]
} ,
"options" : { }
} ,
"id" : "high-value-payment" ,
"name" : "Process High Value" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest" ,
"typeVersion" : 4.1 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 200 ] ,
"onError" : "continueErrorOutput"
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"url" : "https://api.payment.com/process" ,
"sendBody" : true ,
"bodyParameters" : {
"parameters" : [
{
"name" : "order_id" ,
"value" : "={{ $json.order_id }}"
} ,
{
"name" : "amount" ,
"value" : "={{ $json.order_total }}"
} ,
{
"name" : "priority" ,
"value" : "normal"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "normal-payment" ,
"name" : "Process Normal" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest" ,
"typeVersion" : 4.1 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 400 ] ,
"onError" : "continueErrorOutput"
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"jsCode" : "// Handle payment error\nconst error = $input.item.json;\n\nreturn {\n status: 'failed',\n error_message: error.message || 'Payment processing failed',\n order_id: $('Order Webhook').item.json.order_id,\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),\n retry_eligible: true\n};"
} ,
"id" : "error-handler" ,
"name" : "Handle Error" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.code" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 500 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"channel" : "#alerts" ,
"text" : "=Payment Failed!\n\nOrder ID: {{ $json.order_id }}\nError: {{ $json.error_message }}\nRetry Eligible: {{ $json.retry_eligible }}" ,
"otherOptions" : { }
} ,
"id" : "slack-alert" ,
"name" : "Alert Team" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.slack" ,
"typeVersion" : 2.1 ,
"position" : [ 1120 , 500 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"slackApi" : {
"id" : "3" ,
"name" : "Slack Bot"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"mode" : "combine" ,
"combineBy" : "combineAll" ,
"options" : { }
} ,
"id" : "merge" ,
"name" : "Merge Results" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.merge" ,
"typeVersion" : 2.1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"respondWith" : "json" ,
"responseBody" : "={{ JSON.stringify({ status: 'processed', order_id: $json.order_id }) }}"
} ,
"id" : "respond-success" ,
"name" : "Success Response" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 1120 , 300 ]
}
] ,
"connections" : {
"Order Webhook" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "High Value Order?" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"High Value Order?" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Process High Value" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ] ,
[ { "node" : "Process Normal" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Process High Value" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Merge Results" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ] ,
[ { "node" : "Handle Error" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Process Normal" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Merge Results" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 1 } ] ,
[ { "node" : "Handle Error" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Handle Error" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Alert Team" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Merge Results" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Success Response" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
}
}
}
5. Data Transformation with Code Node
const items = $input.all ();
const groupedByCategory = items.reduce ((acc, item ) => {
const category = item.json .category || 'uncategorized' ;
if (!acc[category]) {
acc[category] = [];
}
acc[category].push (item.json );
return acc;
}, {});
const categoryStats = Object .entries (groupedByCategory).map (([category, items] ) => {
const values = items.map (i =>parseFloat (i.value ) || 0 );
return {
category,
count : items.length ,
total : values.reduce ((a, b ) => a + b, 0 ),
average : values.length > 0 ? values.reduce ((a, b ) => a + b, 0 ) / values.length : 0 ,
min : Math .min (...values),
max : Math .max (...values),
items : items
};
});
categoryStats.sort ((a, b ) => b.total - a.total );
const result = {
generated_at : new Date ().toISOString (),
total_items : items.length ,
total_categories : categoryStats.length ,
categories : categoryStats
};
return result;
const maxRetries = 3 ;
const baseDelay = 1000 ;
async function fetchWithRetry (url, options, attempt = 1 ) {
try {
const response = await fetch (url, options);
if (!response.ok ) {
throw new Error (`HTTP ${response.status} : ${response.statusText} ` );
}
return await response.json ();
} catch (error) {
if (attempt >= maxRetries) {
throw error;
}
const delay = baseDelay * Math .pow (2 , attempt - 1 );
await new Promise (resolve =>setTimeout (resolve, delay));
return fetchWithRetry (url, options, attempt + 1 );
}
}
const item = $input.item .json ;
try {
const result = await fetchWithRetry (
`https://api.example.com/process/${item.id} ` ,
{
method : 'POST' ,
headers : {
'Content-Type' : 'application/json' ,
'Authorization' : `Bearer ${$env.API_TOKEN} `
},
body : JSON .stringify (item)
}
);
return {
...item,
api_response : result,
status : 'success'
};
} catch (error) {
return {
...item,
error : error.message ,
status : 'failed'
};
}
6. Credentials Management
export N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY="your-32-char-encryption-key-here"
export N8N_USER_MANAGEMENT_JWT_SECRET="your-jwt-secret"
export DB_TYPE=postgresdb
export DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST=localhost
export DB_POSTGRESDB_PORT=5432
export DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE=n8n
export DB_POSTGRESDB_USER=n8n
export DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD=secure_password
{
"name" : "Using Credentials Securely" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : {
"url" : "={{ $env.API_BASE_URL }}/users" ,
"authentication" : "predefinedCredentialType" ,
"nodeCredentialType" : "httpHeaderAuth" ,
"sendHeaders" : true ,
"headerParameters" : {
"parameters" : [
{
"name" : "X-Custom-Header" ,
"value" : "={{ $env.CUSTOM_HEADER_VALUE }}"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "http" ,
"name" : "API Call" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest" ,
"typeVersion" : 4.1 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"httpHeaderAuth" : {
"id" : "1" ,
"name" : "API Key Auth"
}
}
}
]
}
7. Custom Node Development
import {
IExecuteFunctions ,
INodeExecutionData ,
INodeType ,
INodeTypeDescription ,
NodeOperationError ,
} from 'n8n-workflow' ;
export class MyCustomNode implements INodeType {
description : INodeTypeDescription = {
displayName : 'My Custom Node' ,
name : 'myCustomNode' ,
icon : 'file:myicon.svg' ,
group : ['transform' ],
version : 1 ,
subtitle : '={{$parameter["operation"]}}' ,
description : 'Custom node for specific business logic' ,
defaults : {
name : 'My Custom Node' ,
},
inputs : ['main' ],
outputs : ['main' ],
credentials : [
{
name : 'myCustomApi' ,
required : true ,
},
],
properties : [
{
displayName : 'Operation' ,
name : 'operation' ,
type : 'options' ,
noDataExpression : true ,
options : [
{
name : 'Process' ,
value : 'process' ,
description : 'Process data through custom logic' ,
},
{
name : 'Validate' ,
value : 'validate' ,
description : 'Validate data against rules' ,
},
],
default : 'process' ,
},
{
displayName : 'Input Field' ,
name : 'inputField' ,
type : 'string' ,
default : 'data' ,
required : true ,
description : 'Field to process' ,
},
{
displayName : 'Options' ,
name : 'options' ,
type : 'collection' ,
placeholder : 'Add Option' ,
default : {},
options : [
{
displayName : 'Strict Mode' ,
name : 'strictMode' ,
type : 'boolean' ,
default : false ,
description : 'Enable strict validation' ,
},
{
displayName : 'Output Format' ,
name : 'outputFormat' ,
type : 'options' ,
options : [
{ name : 'JSON' , value : 'json' },
{ name : 'Array' , value : 'array' },
],
default : 'json' ,
},
],
},
],
};
async execute (this : IExecuteFunctions ): Promise <INodeExecutionData [][]> {
const items = this .getInputData ();
const returnData : INodeExecutionData [] = [];
const operation = this .getNodeParameter ('operation' , 0 ) as string ;
const inputField = this .getNodeParameter ('inputField' , 0 ) as string ;
const options = this .getNodeParameter ('options' , 0 , {}) as {
strictMode ?: boolean ;
outputFormat ?: string ;
};
const credentials = await this .getCredentials ('myCustomApi' );
for (let i = 0 ; i < items.length ; i++) {
try {
const item = items[i].json ;
const inputData = item[inputField];
if (!inputData && options.strictMode ) {
throw new NodeOperationError (
this .getNode (),
`Field "${inputField} " not found in item ${i} ` ,
{ itemIndex : i }
);
}
let result : any ;
if (operation === 'process' ) {
result = await this .processData (inputData, credentials);
} else if (operation === 'validate' ) {
result = this .validateData (inputData, options.strictMode );
}
returnData.push ({
json : {
...item,
processed : result,
timestamp : new Date ().toISOString (),
},
});
} catch (error) {
if (this .continueOnFail ()) {
returnData.push ({
json : {
error : (error as Error ).message ,
itemIndex : i,
},
});
continue ;
}
throw error;
}
}
return [returnData];
}
private async processData (data : any , credentials : any ): Promise <any > {
return {
original : data,
processed : true ,
api_key_length : credentials.apiKey ?.length || 0 ,
};
}
private validateData (data : any , strict : boolean ): any {
const isValid = data !== null && data !== undefined ;
return {
valid : isValid,
strict_mode : strict,
type : typeof data,
};
}
}
import {
ICredentialType ,
INodeProperties ,
} from 'n8n-workflow' ;
export class MyCustomApi implements ICredentialType {
name = 'myCustomApi' ;
displayName = 'My Custom API' ;
documentationUrl = 'https://docs.example.com/api' ;
properties : INodeProperties [] = [
{
displayName : 'API Key' ,
name : 'apiKey' ,
type : 'string' ,
typeOptions : {
password : true ,
},
default : '' ,
required : true ,
},
{
displayName : 'Base URL' ,
name : 'baseUrl' ,
type : 'string' ,
default : 'https://api.example.com' ,
},
{
displayName : 'Environment' ,
name : 'environment' ,
type : 'options' ,
options : [
{ name : 'Production' , value : 'production' },
{ name : 'Staging' , value : 'staging' },
{ name : 'Development' , value : 'development' },
],
default : 'production' ,
},
];
}
8. Workflow Templates and Subworkflows {
"name" : "Main Orchestrator Workflow" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : {
"httpMethod" : "POST" ,
"path" : "orchestrate" ,
"responseMode" : "lastNode"
} ,
"id" : "webhook" ,
"name" : "Start" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.webhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1.1 ,
"position" : [ 240 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"workflowId" : "={{ $env.DATA_VALIDATION_WORKFLOW_ID }}" ,
"workflowInputs" : {
"mappingMode" : "defineBelow" ,
"value" : {
"data" : "={{ $json.payload }}" ,
"rules" : "={{ $json.validation_rules }}"
}
}
} ,
"id" : "validate" ,
"name" : "Run Validation Workflow" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflow" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"conditions" : {
"boolean" : [
{
"value1" : "={{ $json.is_valid }}" ,
"value2" : true }
]
}
} ,
"id" : "check-valid" ,
"name" : "Is Valid?" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.if" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"workflowId" : "={{ $env.PROCESSING_WORKFLOW_ID }}" ,
"workflowInputs" : {
"mappingMode" : "defineBelow" ,
"value" : {
"validated_data" : "={{ $json.data }}"
}
}
} ,
"id" : "process" ,
"name" : "Run Processing Workflow" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflow" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 200 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"workflowId" : "={{ $env.ERROR_HANDLER_WORKFLOW_ID }}" ,
"workflowInputs" : {
"mappingMode" : "defineBelow" ,
"value" : {
"error_data" : "={{ $json }}" ,
"source" : "orchestrator"
}
}
} ,
"id" : "error-workflow" ,
"name" : "Run Error Handler" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflow" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 400 ]
}
] ,
"connections" : {
"Start" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Run Validation Workflow" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Run Validation Workflow" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Is Valid?" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Is Valid?" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Run Processing Workflow" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ] ,
[ { "node" : "Run Error Handler" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
}
}
}
Integration Examples
Integration with Slack, Google Sheets, and Email {
"name" : "Multi-Channel Notification System" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : {
"httpMethod" : "POST" ,
"path" : "notify" ,
"responseMode" : "responseNode"
} ,
"id" : "webhook" ,
"name" : "Incoming Notification" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.webhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1.1 ,
"position" : [ 240 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"jsCode" : "// Determine notification channels\nconst payload = $input.item.json;\n\nconst channels = [];\n\n// Add channels based on priority\nif (payload.priority === 'high' || payload.priority === 'critical') {\n channels.push('slack');\n channels.push('email');\n}\n\nif (payload.log_to_sheet) {\n channels.push('sheets');\n}\n\nif (channels.length === 0) {\n channels.push('slack'); // Default\n}\n\nreturn {\n ...payload,\n channels,\n processed_at: new Date().toISOString()\n};"
} ,
"id" : "router" ,
"name" : "Route Notification" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.code" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"conditions" : {
"string" : [
{
"value1" : "={{ $json.channels.join(',') }}" ,
"operation" : "contains" ,
"value2" : "slack"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "slack-filter" ,
"name" : "Send to Slack?" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.filter" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 200 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"channel" : "={{ $json.priority === 'critical' ? '#critical-alerts' : '#notifications' }}" ,
"text" : "=*{{ $json.title }}*\n\n{{ $json.message }}\n\nPriority: {{ $json.priority }}\nSource: {{ $json.source }}" ,
"attachments" : [ ] ,
"otherOptions" : { }
} ,
"id" : "slack" ,
"name" : "Post to Slack" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.slack" ,
"typeVersion" : 2.1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 200 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"slackApi" : {
"id" : "3" ,
"name" : "Slack Bot"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"conditions" : {
"string" : [
{
"value1" : "={{ $json.channels.join(',') }}" ,
"operation" : "contains" ,
"value2" : "email"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "email-filter" ,
"name" : "Send Email?" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.filter" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"sendTo" : "={{ $json.recipient_email || 'team@example.com' }}" ,
"subject" : "=[{{ $json.priority.toUpperCase() }}] {{ $json.title }}" ,
"emailType" : "html" ,
"html" : "=<h2>{{ $json.title }}</h2>\n<p>{{ $json.message }}</p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>Priority:</strong> {{ $json.priority }}</p>\n<p><strong>Source:</strong> {{ $json.source }}</p>\n<p><strong>Time:</strong> {{ $json.processed_at }}</p>"
} ,
"id" : "email" ,
"name" : "Send Email" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.emailSend" ,
"typeVersion" : 2.1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"smtp" : {
"id" : "5" ,
"name" : "SMTP"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"conditions" : {
"string" : [
{
"value1" : "={{ $json.channels.join(',') }}" ,
"operation" : "contains" ,
"value2" : "sheets"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "sheets-filter" ,
"name" : "Log to Sheets?" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.filter" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 400 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"operation" : "append" ,
"documentId" : {
"__rl" : true ,
"value" : "={{ $env.GOOGLE_SHEET_ID }}" ,
"mode" : "id"
} ,
"sheetName" : {
"__rl" : true ,
"value" : "Notifications" ,
"mode" : "list"
} ,
"columns" : {
"mappingMode" : "defineBelow" ,
"value" : {
"Timestamp" : "={{ $json.processed_at }}" ,
"Title" : "={{ $json.title }}" ,
"Message" : "={{ $json.message }}" ,
"Priority" : "={{ $json.priority }}" ,
"Source" : "={{ $json.source }}"
}
}
} ,
"id" : "sheets" ,
"name" : "Log to Google Sheets" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.googleSheets" ,
"typeVersion" : 4.1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 400 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"googleSheetsOAuth2Api" : {
"id" : "6" ,
"name" : "Google Sheets"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"respondWith" : "json" ,
"responseBody" : "={{ JSON.stringify({ success: true, channels: $json.channels }) }}"
} ,
"id" : "respond" ,
"name" : "Respond" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 1120 , 300 ]
}
] ,
"connections" : {
"Incoming Notification" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Route Notification" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Route Notification" : {
"main" : [
[
{ "node" : "Send to Slack?" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ,
{ "node" : "Send Email?" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ,
{ "node" : "Log to Sheets?" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 }
]
]
} ,
"Send to Slack?" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Post to Slack" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Send Email?" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Send Email" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Log to Sheets?" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Log to Google Sheets" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Post to Slack" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Respond" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Send Email" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Respond" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Log to Google Sheets" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Respond" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
}
}
}
Integration with GitHub and Jira {
"name" : "GitHub to Jira Sync" ,
"nodes" : [
{
"parameters" : {
"httpMethod" : "POST" ,
"path" : "github-webhook" ,
"options" : { }
} ,
"id" : "github-webhook" ,
"name" : "GitHub Webhook" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.webhook" ,
"typeVersion" : 1.1 ,
"position" : [ 240 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"conditions" : {
"string" : [
{
"value1" : "={{ $json.action }}" ,
"operation" : "equals" ,
"value2" : "opened"
}
]
}
} ,
"id" : "filter-opened" ,
"name" : "Is New Issue?" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.filter" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 460 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"jsCode" : "// Map GitHub issue to Jira format\nconst issue = $input.item.json.issue;\n\n// Map labels to Jira priority\nconst labels = issue.labels.map(l => l.name);\nlet priority = 'Medium';\nif (labels.includes('critical') || labels.includes('urgent')) {\n priority = 'Highest';\n} else if (labels.includes('high')) {\n priority = 'High';\n} else if (labels.includes('low')) {\n priority = 'Low';\n}\n\n// Map to Jira issue type\nlet issueType = 'Task';\nif (labels.includes('bug')) {\n issueType = 'Bug';\n} else if (labels.includes('feature')) {\n issueType = 'Story';\n}\n\nreturn {\n summary: `[GitHub] ${issue.title}`,\n description: `${issue.body}\\n\\n---\\nGitHub Issue: ${issue.html_url}\\nCreated by: ${issue.user.login}`,\n priority: priority,\n issueType: issueType,\n labels: labels.filter(l => !['bug', 'feature', 'critical', 'urgent', 'high', 'low'].includes(l)),\n github_issue_number: issue.number,\n github_repo: $input.item.json.repository.full_name\n};"
} ,
"id" : "map-to-jira" ,
"name" : "Map to Jira Format" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.code" ,
"typeVersion" : 2 ,
"position" : [ 680 , 300 ]
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"resource" : "issue" ,
"operation" : "create" ,
"project" : "={{ $env.JIRA_PROJECT_KEY }}" ,
"issueType" : "={{ $json.issueType }}" ,
"summary" : "={{ $json.summary }}" ,
"additionalFields" : {
"description" : "={{ $json.description }}" ,
"priority" : "={{ $json.priority }}" ,
"labels" : "={{ $json.labels }}"
}
} ,
"id" : "create-jira" ,
"name" : "Create Jira Issue" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.jira" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 900 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"jiraSoftwareCloudApi" : {
"id" : "7" ,
"name" : "Jira"
}
}
} ,
{
"parameters" : {
"owner" : "={{ $('Map to Jira Format').item.json.github_repo.split('/')[0] }}" ,
"repository" : "={{ $('Map to Jira Format').item.json.github_repo.split('/')[1] }}" ,
"issueNumber" : "={{ $('Map to Jira Format').item.json.github_issue_number }}" ,
"body" : "=Jira issue created: {{ $json.key }}\n\nLink: {{ $env.JIRA_BASE_URL }}/browse/{{ $json.key }}"
} ,
"id" : "comment-github" ,
"name" : "Comment on GitHub" ,
"type" : "n8n-nodes-base.github" ,
"typeVersion" : 1 ,
"position" : [ 1120 , 300 ] ,
"credentials" : {
"githubApi" : {
"id" : "8" ,
"name" : "GitHub"
}
}
}
] ,
"connections" : {
"GitHub Webhook" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Is New Issue?" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Is New Issue?" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Map to Jira Format" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Map to Jira Format" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Create Jira Issue" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
} ,
"Create Jira Issue" : {
"main" : [
[ { "node" : "Comment on GitHub" , "type" : "main" , "index" : 0 } ]
]
}
}
}
Best Practices
1. Workflow Organization workflows/
├── core/
│ ├── data-validation.json
│ ├── error-handler.json
│ └── notification-router.json
├── integrations/
│ ├── slack-bot.json
│ ├── github-sync.json
│ └── crm-sync.json
├── scheduled/
│ ├── daily-reports.json
│ └── weekly-cleanup.json
└── webhooks/
├── payment-processor.json
└── form-handler.json
2. Error Handling Patterns
try {
const result = await riskyOperation ();
return { success : true , data : result };
} catch (error) {
console .error ('Operation failed:' , error.message );
return {
success : false ,
error : error.message ,
timestamp : new Date ().toISOString (),
retryable : error.code !== 'PERMANENT_FAILURE'
};
}
3. Security Best Practices
N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY: "32-character-secure-key"
N8N_USER_MANAGEMENT_JWT_SECRET: "secure-jwt-secret"
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE: "true"
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER: "admin"
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD: "${SECURE_PASSWORD}"
WEBHOOK_URL: "https://n8n.example.com/"
N8N_WEBHOOK_TUNNEL_URL: ""
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_ENABLED: "true"
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED: "true"
4. Performance Optimization
const BATCH_SIZE = 100 ;
const items = $input.all ();
const results = [];
for (let i = 0 ; i < items.length ; i += BATCH_SIZE ) {
const batch = items.slice (i, i + BATCH_SIZE );
const batchResults = await Promise .all (
batch.map (item =>processItem (item.json ))
);
results.push (...batchResults);
if (i + BATCH_SIZE < items.length ) {
await new Promise (resolve =>setTimeout (resolve, 100 ));
}
}
return results;
5. Testing Workflows
curl -X GET "http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows/1" \
-H "X-N8N-API-KEY: your-api-key" \
-o workflow-backup.json
curl -X POST "http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows" \
-H "X-N8N-API-KEY: your-api-key" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d @workflow-backup.json
curl -X POST "http://localhost:5678/api/v1/workflows/1/activate" \
-H "X-N8N-API-KEY: your-api-key"
Troubleshooting
Common Issues Issue: Webhook not receiving data
curl -X POST https://n8n.example.com/webhook/your-path \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"test": true}'
docker logs n8n-container 2>&1 | grep -i webhook
echo $WEBHOOK_URL
Issue: Credentials not working
curl -X GET "https://api.example.com/test" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN"
echo $N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY | wc -c
Issue: Workflow execution timeout
environment:
- EXECUTIONS_TIMEOUT=3600
- EXECUTIONS_TIMEOUT_MAX=7200
Issue: Memory issues with large datasets
const PAGE_SIZE = 100 ;
let page = 1 ;
let hasMore = true ;
const allResults = [];
while (hasMore) {
const response = await $http.get (
`https://api.example.com/data?page=${page} &limit=${PAGE_SIZE} `
);
allResults.push (...response.data .items );
hasMore = response.data .has_more ;
page++;
}
return allResults;
Debugging Tips
console .log ('Input data:' , JSON .stringify ($input.all (), null , 2 ));
console .log ('Environment:' , $env.NODE_ENV );
console .log ('Workflow:' , $workflow.name );
console .log ('Execution ID:' , $execution.id );
console .log ('Execution mode:' , $execution.mode );
const previousOutput = $('Previous Node Name' ).all ();
console .log ('Previous output:' , previousOutput);
docker logs -f n8n-container 2>&1 | grep -E "(error|warn|execution)"
docker exec -it postgres psql -U n8n -d n8n -c \
"SELECT id, status, started_at FROM execution_entity WHERE status = 'error' ORDER BY started_at DESC LIMIT 10;"
Version History Version Date Changes 1.0.0 2026-01-17 Initial release with comprehensive workflow patterns
Resources
This skill provides production-ready patterns for n8n workflow automation, tested across enterprise integration scenarios handling thousands of daily executions.
